优秀临床护理教学人员人格特征的研究

[目的]了解优秀护理临床教学人员的人格行为特征,为选择、培训和发展教学人才提供科学依据。[方法]采用卡氏16项个性因素调查表对我院连续3年由护理实习生评选出的50位优秀临床教学人员人格特征进行测量分析。[结果]与一般护士比较,她们具有高乐群性、高稳定性、高有恒性、高实验性、高自律性、低紧张性、适应性强、专业有成就、创造力更强等人格物征。[结论]在选择临床护理教学人员时应测评个体人格特征。     

综合医院护理人员临床教学能力调查分析

[目的]了解护理人员，临床教学能力现状．探讨提高护理人员临床教学水平的时策。[方法]采用问卷调查法时我院129名临床护理带教教师进行调查。[结果]临床护理带教教师教学能力尚有差距，66．1％带教教师尚未接受系统临床护理教学师资培训．43．5％教师主持大科或科内的护理教学查房，仅有4.8％的教师发表临床护理救学研究的相关论著。[结论]护理人员临床教学能力不能完全满足临床教学需求，提高临床护理教师教学能力、培养高质量的临床护理教学师资是提高临床护理教学质量的关键。     

综合医院护理人员临床教学能力调查分析

[目的]了解护理人员临床教学能力现状,探讨提高护理人员临床教学水平的对策。[方法]采用问卷调查法对我院129名临床护理带教教师进行调查。[结果]临床护理带教教师教学能力尚有差距,66.1%带教教师尚未接受系统临床护理教学师资培训,43.5%教师主持大科或科内的护理教学查房,仅有4.8%的教师发表临床护理教学研究的相关论著。[结论]护理人员临床教学能力不能完全满足临床教学需求,提高临床护理教师教学能力、培养高质量的临床护理教学师资是提高临床护理教学质量的关键。     

探讨新护理模式下临床带教师资队伍建设

[目的]探讨新的护理服务模式下提高临床带教师资综合水平的有效方法,培养高素质的临床护理带教人员,进一步提高临床护理教学质量和教学水平。[方法]建立并实施符合新模式下的临床护理教学体系。[结果]通过严格规范的临床护理教学管理,使师资的主观能动性大大提高,临床护理教学质量明显改善。[结论]完善临床护理教学体系、严格临床教学管理是培养临床带教师资、加强护理人才梯队建设的有效途径。     

护理专业文职人员人格特征调查

[目的]了解护理专业文职人员心理素质和人格特征，为进一步选拔和优化护理专业文职人员队伍提供依据。[方法]采用华东师大戴忠恒等修订的卡特尔16项个性因素测查表（简称16PF）对18名护理专业文职人员进行问卷调查。[结果]护理专业文职人员在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、有恒性、幻想性、自律性方面均高于我国专业技术人员常模，而在怀疑性、独立性、紧张性方面均低于我国专业技术人员常模。适应与焦虑型次级人格因素均分偏低，内向与外向型、感情用事与安详机警型、怯懦与果断型均分接近中住，群体人格偏外向。心理健康因素、专业有成就者的人格因素、在新环境成长能力的人格因素均高于平均值，创造能力人格因素位于中等。[结论]护理专业文职人员人格较完善、心理素质较高，说明从临床优秀护士中选拔护理专业文职人员的方法对优化护理专业文职人员队伍结构有着重要的意义，此次研究使我们了解到病人喜欢的一临床护士应具有的人格特征，为进一步塑造护士良好的职业性格提供了依据。     

临床护理带教老师师资培训需求的质性研究

[目的]调查带教老师对师资培训的需求情况,为医院开展针对性强、可行性高的师资培训项目提供参考。[方法]在云南省昆明市三级甲等医院中选取10名临床护理带教老师进行半结构化访谈,采用现象学研究方法分析带教老师对师资培训的迫切需求。[结果]通过整理、归纳访谈内容,提炼出教学理论培训需求、教学实践培训需求和教学方法培训需求3个主题。[结论]各教学医院应注重对临床护理教学的管理,尽力满足带教老师的培训需求,扩大护理师资队伍,有效提高临床教学水平和教学质量。     

PDCA循环标准化模式联合思维导图应用于护理临床教学的效果评价

[目的]探讨戴明循环(PDCA)标准化教学模式联合思维导图在护理学生临床教学中的应用。[方法]采用随机对照试验方法,选择武汉大学中南医院2015年5月—2016年4月在肿瘤科实习的护理四年级学生87名。对照组44人使用一对一法传统教学,实验组43人采用PDCA循环标准化模式联合思维导图进行临床教学。以理论考核、操作考核、教学查房及综合素质合格率作为观察指标。[结果]实验组护理学生理论考核、操作考核、综合成绩等均高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]PDCA循环标准化模式联合思维导图应用到护理学生的临床培训中具有科学性和实用性,有助于完善教学管理体系,提高临床教学质量。     

概念图在急救护理临床教学中的应用

[目的]探讨概念图在急救护理临床教学中的应用效果。[方法]将2004级护理本科实习生200人随机分为两组，实验组采用概念图策略教学，对照组采用传统方法教学。比较两组随场分散测验成绩和现场集体测验成绩。[结果]在随场分散测验和现场集体测验中，实验组成绩均高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义。[结论]将概念图引入急救护理临床教学可有效提高护生的学习成绩，促进护生积极主动地学习.     

对不同层次护生临床护理实习需求调查

[目的]了解不同层次护生临床护理实习需求，为科学安排医院护理中专、大专、本科实习提供理论依据。[方法]采用问卷调查方法，对158名护生进行问巷调查调查内容为兴趣选项、实习意愿、自我管理及科室教学管理等内容。[结果]大多数大专及本科实习护生要求科室轮转4周，大多数中专护生则选择6周；所有护生都需要老师的指导。而大多数中专护生专业知识缺乏。[结论]不同层次护生对临床护理实习需求不同，护理管理者应加强对实习环境、教学过程和教育管理的监控，应关注临床带教老师整体素质，充分了解护生需求，掌握适合临床教学的规律和方法，以提高护生实习满意度和临床教学质量。     

军队医院文职人员续聘考核实践与分析

[目的]探讨军队文职人员续聘考核方法.[方法]严格按照<文职人员条例>和有关规定,对任期已满3年的87名文职人员进行急救技术、临床教学能力、科研能力及民主测评考核.[结果]药技人员、护士、护师教学能力评分比较差异有统计学意义;急救技术、民主测评平均成绩优秀,教学能力成绩良好,科研能力存在较大差距.[结论]教学与科研能力是文职人员亟待提高的能力;科学的考评模式是选拔未来护理人才重要措施.     

Cluster A personality disorders: considering the 'odd-eccentric' in psychiatric nursing

Psychiatric nurses are familiar with the concept of personality disorder because of their contact with persons with the most common personality disorder in clinical settings - borderline type, who frequently engage mental health services. Perhaps it is this familiarity that has focused research and clinical attention on borderline personality disorder compared with the other personality disorders. The significance of cluster A personality disorders for nursing is multifaceted because of their severity, prevalence, inaccurate diagnosis, poor response to treatment, and similarities to axis I diagnoses. Despite this, literature reviews have established that relatively few studies have focused on the treatment of the cluster A personality disorders - paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid - resulting in a dearth of evidence-based interventions for this group of clients. A discussion of these disorders in the context of personality disorder and their individual characteristics demonstrates the distinctive and challenging engagement techniques required by psychiatric nurses to provide effective treatment and care. It is also strongly indicated that the discipline of psychiatric nursing has not yet begun to address the care of persons with cluster A personality disorders.     

甲状腺功能亢进患者心理健康与冲动性、攻击性人格关系的研究

目的评估甲状腺功能亢进患者心理健康状况及其与冲动性、攻击性人格特征的关系。方法采用症状自评量表、Barratt冲动性人格量表、攻击性人格量表对169例甲状腺功能亢进患者进行问卷调查。结果甲状腺功能亢进患者躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖得分高于常模(P0.01);存在心理问题的患者言语攻击、愤怒攻击、敌意攻击、自我攻击得分高于心理健康患者(P0.01或P0.05);行动性冲动与强迫症状、人际关系敏感等呈正相关,言语攻击与SCL总分呈正相关,敌意攻击与强迫症状、人际关系敏感等呈正相关,自我攻击与精神病性呈正相关(P0.01或P0.05)。结论甲状腺功能亢进患者心理健康状况较差;冲动性、攻击性人格特征与甲状腺功能亢进患者心理健康密切相关。建议帮助甲状腺功能亢进患者正视自己的心理问题和人格弱点,调整应对方式,促进其心理健康。     

卒中后抑郁病人的病前人格及相关因素分析

目的探讨卒中病人的病前人格及相关因素与卒中后抑郁（PSD）发生的相关性。方法对PSD病人（病例组）29例和脑卒中病人（对照组）32例进行艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）调查,并记录每位病例的相关资料。结果男、女性病例组N值均较对照组大（均P〈0．05）,偏回归系数〉0和优势比为1．504;而E值均较对照组小（均P〈0．05）,偏回归系数〈0和优势比为0．645。男、女性病例组P值、L值与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论PSD病人的病前人格中有更多的情绪不稳定和性格内向,情绪不稳定和性格内向与PSD有相关性,是其危险因素。     

不同家庭结构对儿童人格发展的影响

目的探讨不同结构家庭环境下儿童人格发展及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法，应用家庭环境表对2773例3a～16a的儿童家长进行测查；应用儿童艾森克人格问卷对2425例小学四年级～初中三年级学生进行测查。结果单亲家庭的亲密度、成功性、道德宗教观因子分低于核心家庭与主干家庭（P〈0．01），而矛盾性得分高于主干家庭（P〈0．01）；核心家庭的情感表达、矛盾性得分高于主干家庭（P〈0．01）。结论主干家庭和核心家庭的儿童人格优于单亲家庭，主干家庭优于核心家庭；良好的家庭环境有利于培养儿童人格特征向健康方向发展。     

The Association of Frequent Headaches with Personality and Life Events

The associations between personality traits, life events and frequent headaches were studied in a sample of 5766 adult subjects between 20 and 65 years of age from the general population. Subjects with at least weekly headaches had more life events and higher inadequacy, social inadequacy, rigidity and injuredness than subjects with less frequent headaches. These relationships were not observed in subjects of 50 years of age and older, with the exception of the association with inadequacy. From the traits measured, inadequacy had the highest odds ratios for frequent headaches and showed a modest interaction with the presence of a life event. These findings are in agreement with Sarason's interactional model.     

大学生个性特征状况调查

目的探讨大学生的个性特征状况,为引导大学生的健康成长提供依据。方法采用艾森克人格问卷中国版对900名在校大学生进行调查分析。结果艾森克人格问卷中国版评分,女大学生精神质、神经质、掩饰性维度分均显著高于全国常模（P〈0．01）,男大学生神经质、掩饰性维度分均显著高于全国常模（P〈0．01）,女大学生掩饰性维度分显著高于男生（P〈0．05）,一、二年级大学生掩饰性维度分显著高于三、四年级大学生（P〈0．01）;不同专业大学生艾森克人格问卷各维度评分均有显著或极显著性差异（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论大学生人格特征与正常人群有显著差异性,不同专业大学生也存在显著性差异,高校教师应针对大学生的个性特征和心理健康状况,引导大学生健康成长。     

The aetiology, presentation and treatment of personality disorders

Personality disorders are a heterogeneous collection of conditions with common features, which may include an exaggerated self-centred nature, little regard for the feelings of others, or the regular fabrication of stories to explain the behaviour of self or others. Whilst such features might be recognized as being present in many people at different times of their lives, it is the persisting nature and extremes of personality traits that distinguishes those who have personality disorders from those who do not. Apart from the problems that personality disorders bring on their own (such as dysfunctional relationships), when they coexist with mental disorders it makes the latter more difficult to treat. People with personality disorders are often depicted as being dangerous, yet only a few are and it is this minority group that attract public attention. Personality disorders are recognized as belonging to the group known as the serious mental illnesses, a group that mental health nurses are being encouraged to focus their attentions on, but it is accepted that there is a paucity of education and training in appropriate interventions for this group of people. This article provides an overview of the aetiology and presentation of personality disorders together with an examination of evidence-based therapeutic interventions.     

The Relationship Between MMPI Cluster Membership and Diagnostic Category in Headache Patients

Only one study has examined MMPI cluster profiles in the headache population. The present study expanded on this previous investigation by using a large sample size (N = 485) and a greater number of diagnostic categories. The five MMPI clusters replicated previous findings in the chronic pain literature. These MMPI cluster groups were compared to 5 diagnostic categories (migraine, cluster, post-trauma, tension, mixed). No relationship was found between cluster type and headache diagnosis. While the diagnostic groups were found to differ on measures of pain severity, sex and age, cluster groups did not. It is proposed that MMPI scale types reflect a patient's response to pain and are more likely to be the result of coping resources than headache-related personality style. Future research with additional, non-pain populations and prospective studies is suggested.     

临床护理人员护士领导力与其人格特质的相关性研究

目的调查临床护理人员护士领导力与人格特质的现状,并分析二者的相关性,为护理管理者进行前瞻性护理人力资源管理提供参考。方法抽取湖州市2所三级甲等综合医院366名护士,采用一般资料调查问卷、护士领导力问卷、艾森克人格问卷简式量表进行调查。结果护士领导力总均分为(3.89±0.41)分。临床护理人员神经质得分最高,外倾性和掩饰性得分中等,精神质得分最低。外倾性、掩饰性与护士领导力及各维度呈正相关(P0.01),神经质与护士领导力及各维度呈负相关(P0.01),精神质与解决问题能力、评判性思维能力和护理专业能力呈负相关(P0.05)。结论临床护理人员护士领导力总体处于中等水平,人格特征与护士领导力具有一定的相关性。提示护理管理者应充分重视护理人员的人格特质,需要采用各种教育手段加强护理人员个性特征的培养,提升护理人员自身的护士领导力,提高护理质量。     

Physician in conflict: a survey study of individual and work-related characteristics

Relationship of individual and work-related factors to interpersonal conflicts at work was studied, using data from a nationwide survey in 1993 of the work environment and living conditions of physicians in Norway. The survey included a total of 1,800 questions spread over 16 questionnaires, which were distributed according to an 'overlapping questionnaire design'. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 9,266 physicians, of whom 6,652 responded (72%). The results suggest that personality factors such as 'intensity' and 'reality weakness' are related to conflict with one's immediate superior, but not to conflict with others at work. Respondents reporting conflict with friends, relatives and spouse tended to report more conflict at work both with immediate superiors and others. The frequency of interpersonal conflict at work was not related to gender.