尿足细胞与狼疮肾炎关系的研究

目的研究尿足细胞与狼疮肾炎（ LN）的关系，探讨尿足细胞评估 LN 肾损伤的临床价值。方法选取20例行肾活检的LN患者，收集相关临床资料，光镜观察肾组织病理改变；电镜观察足细胞超微结构变化；免疫组化检测肾足细胞蛋白 Nephrin 的表达；免疫荧光技术检测 Podocalyxin 表达来计数尿足细胞数量。结果20例LN病理显示Ⅲ型2例、Ⅳ型12例、Ⅳ型＋Ⅴ型4例、Ⅴ型2例，足细胞标志蛋白Nephrin 表达较正常组明显减低，且Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型降低更明显。尿足细胞阳性检出率约80％，尿足细胞数量与肾
　　足细胞相关蛋白 Nephrin 的表达呈负相关（r＝－0．627， P ＜0．01），与狼疮活动性呈正相关（r＝0．571， P ＜0．05），与24h蛋白定量无明显相关性（r＝0．215， P ＞0．05）。结论尿足细胞数量可监测狼疮活动及肾小球损伤程度，为LN病理分型提供参考。     

IgA肾病中足细胞损伤及其与蛋白尿的关系

目的 观察 IgA肾病（IgAN）患者足细胞损伤的各种表现，探讨其与蛋白尿的关系。 方法 收集35例伴有明显蛋白尿[尿蛋白量（24 h）>1.0 g]的IgAN患者肾活检组织作研究；以8例肾错构瘤患者术后切除肾和肾癌患者术后远离癌旁肾组织为正常对照。免疫组化方法观察肾组织细胞周期调节蛋白（p21、p27）、足细胞结构蛋白（nestin）、足细胞数目 （WT1）。用显微切割方法取出肾小球，通过实时定量PCR方法检测整合素（integrin）β1、nephrin和α辅肌动蛋白4（α-actinin 4）水平。电镜观察足细胞超微结构的改变。根据足细胞数目密度(Nv, n×106/μm3)将35例IgAN患者分为足细胞数目减少组（ Nv<52.49×106/μm3，n = 15）和足细胞数目正常组（Nv≥52.49×106/μm3，n = 20）。随访蛋白尿的转归情况，共18个月。 结果 （1）与正常对照组比较，IgAN患者肾小球内个别足细胞重新表达p21，而足细胞p27的表达明显降低（0.71±0.12比0.91±0.07，P < 0.05）。（2）IgAN患者足细胞nestin 蛋白表达比正常对照显著降低（13.40%±0.04%比 17.60%±0.04%，P < 0.05）；肾小球内integrin-β1 mRNA表达显著升高（12.54±5.20比1.02±0.30，P < 0.05），而nephrin及α-actinin4 mRNA无明显改变。（3）电镜下观察到明显的足突融合和足细胞从基底膜脱落。（4）IgAN患者足细胞数目密度比正常对照组显著减少(161.27±225.92比323.22±138.12，P < 0.05)，且与Lee氏分级相关。（5）足细胞数目密度、integrin-β1 mRNA与肾穿刺当时的尿蛋白量（24 h）呈负相关(r = -0.4483、-0.840, 均P < 0.05)。足细胞数目减少组较足细胞数目正常组的蛋白尿下降程度明显减少（P < 0.05）。 结论 伴蛋白尿的IgAN中存在足细胞的损伤，表现为足细胞周期调节蛋白、结构蛋白的改变，足突的融合及足细胞数目的减少，而足细胞损伤及足细胞数目减少会影响蛋白尿的发生和发展。     

尿液足细胞检测及其临床意义的探讨

目的：介绍一种尿液足细胞的检测方法并探讨其临床意义.方法：留取患者100 ml晨尿,将其置细胞涂片离心机制成尿液涂片,将涂片采用小鼠单克隆抗人足细胞标记蛋白-podocalyxin （PCX）抗体进行间接免疫荧光染色.结果：（1）小鼠单克隆抗人足细胞（PCX）抗体与足细胞特异性结合,与红细胞、白细胞和上皮细胞无特异性结合,可用于检测尿足细胞;（2）在多种病理类型的肾小球疾病中尿足细胞呈阳性,正常成人对照组足细胞均为阴性.（3）经统计尿足细胞阳性率前3组的分别为：紫癜性肾炎,局灶节段肾小球硬化,IgA肾病.结论：运用小鼠单克隆抗人足细胞（PCX）抗体检测尿足细胞是一种特异性的方法,在肾病患者中有检测意义.     

伴足细胞尿的IgA肾病的临床病理特征

目的 探讨伴足细胞尿的IgA肾病（IgAN）患者的临床病理特点。方法 入选IgAN患者36例,其中男性20例,女性16例,平均年龄（34．1±12．2）岁。10例健康志愿者为健康对照。足细胞排泄的定量检测采用尿沉渣涂片免疫组化染色直接计数。进行尿液足细胞排泄与肾脏病理的相关分析。结果 （1）IgAN患者尿细胞podocalyxin阳性率为61%,健康对照组为0（P＜0．05）。（2）与非大量蛋白尿（＜3．0 g/24 h）IgAN患者比较,大量蛋白尿（≥3．0 g/24 h）IgAN患者的尿液足细胞检测阳性率、尿液足细胞排泄数、足细胞与尿肌酐的比值以及足细胞占尿液小管上皮细胞的百分数均显著增高（P＜0．05）。IgAN患者足细胞排泄水平与蛋白尿水平呈正相关（r=0．446,P=0．007）。（3）与无足细胞尿的患者比较,伴足细胞尿的IgAN患者的蛋白尿水平显著增高,血浆白蛋白水平显著降低,肾小管上皮细胞与尿肌酐的比值亦显著增高（P＜0．05）。但伴与不伴足细胞尿的2组IgAN患者在年龄、性别、血压、Scr、血红蛋白水平以及血浆脂质代谢等方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。（4）尿足细胞的排泄与细胞新月体或细胞纤维性新月体、小球血管襻腔狭窄和足突广泛融合病变有关,而与系膜、内皮细胞病变及局灶基底膜增厚无关。伴足细胞尿的患者肾小球和肾小管间质纤维化更明显（P＜0．05）。伴有新月体的患者其尿液足细胞排泄水平、尿液上皮细胞和管型的排泄均增加（P＜0．05）。结论 足细胞尿不仅是IgAN患者肾小球损伤的结果,也是IgAN患者活动性损伤的指标。足细胞尿排泄的水平与蛋门尿水平呈正相关,与肾脏病理类型也有一定的关系。     

柴芩肾安方对IgA肾病大鼠肾小球足细胞nephrin表达的影响

目的：探讨柴芩肾安方对IgA肾病（IgAN）大鼠肾小球足细胞nephrin表达的影响。方法：通过切除单侧肾并反复静脉注射葡萄球菌肠毒素B（SEB）复制大鼠IgAN模型,分为正常组、切肾组、IgAN组、柴芩肾安方组和氯沙坦组。第12周末,检测各组大鼠24h尿蛋白量（Upr）,观察肾小球形态学和超微结构变化,并采用免疫组化和实时定量PCR法检测肾小球足细胞nephrin蛋白及mRNA的表达。结果：与正常组相比,IgAN组大鼠Upr显著升高（P〈0.01）,肾小球系膜增生,足突融合明显,足细胞nephrin蛋白及mRNA表达均明显下调（P〈0.01）。经柴芩肾安方治疗后上述指标均明显改善,与IgAN组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论：柴芩肾安方能减轻IgAN大鼠蛋白尿及肾小球病变,这可能与其恢复肾小球足细胞nephrin表达有关。     

IgA肾病患者尿足细胞排泄与临床病理相关性分析

目的观察原发性IgA肾病患者尿足细胞排泄、肾小球足细胞病变,分析其与临床病理之间的关系。方法50例经肾活检明确诊断的IgA肾病患者和10名健康志愿者,利用podocalyxin（PCX）作为标记蛋白,标记尿液和肾组织足细胞,收集患者肾活检时临床资料,各项病理指标和肾组织足细胞PCX荧光表达采用不同的半定量积分法进行评分,电镜检测肾小球外周袢的足突宽度。结果①IgA肾病患者中尿足细胞染色阳性为32例（64％）,较健康对照者有统计学差异。②IgA肾病伴尿足细胞阳性患者尿蛋白水平、血肌酐（SCr）、平均动脉压（MAP）较尿足细胞阴性患者增高,血浆白蛋白（Alb）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）降低（P〈0．05）。③光镜示IgA肾病伴尿足细胞阳性患者肾小球硬化程度、新月体发生率较尿足细胞阴性患者明显增高（P〈0．05）,但小管间质病变与肾组织足细胞PCX表达阳性指数,2组比较无统计学差异。④电镜结果提示IgA肾病患者尿足细胞阳性足突宽度明显增宽（P〈0．05）。结论足细胞尿是反映肾脏疾病轻重的一个指标,足细胞尿与肾脏病理类型有一定关系,IgA肾病患者尿足细胞排泄指标是否能够独立预测患者的预后还有待证实。     

RGC-32在儿童IgA肾病肾组织中的表达及意义

目的 研究RGC-32（response gene to complement 32）在IgA肾病(IgAN) 儿童及正常肾组织中的表达及其意义。 方法 用免疫组织化学方法观察IgAN儿童及正常肾组织中RGC-32蛋白的表达与分布,并与α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）的表达、IgAN肾组织病理损伤程度及临床相关指标进行统计学分析。 结果 RGC-32蛋白在IgAN及正常肾组织的肾小管均明显表达,而在肾小球、肾小管间质及肾血管未见表达。RGC-32 在正常肾组织、IgAN轻度、中度及重度损伤组中的阳性表达指数分别为（18.29±6.22）%、（23.90±9.65）%、（31.23±9.86）%和（34.52±10.63）%。RGC-32在IgAN儿童肾组织的阳性表达指数与肾小球评分、肾小管间质评分均呈正相关（r = 0.385,0.347,P < 0.05）;与α-SMA、TGF-β1表达亦呈正相关（r = 0.594,0.521,P < 0.01）;而与Scr、尿NAG/Cr、尿Alb/Cr、尿 IgG/Cr、尿α1微球蛋白/Cr均无相关（r = 0.117,-0.115,-0.138,-0.176,-0.028,P均>0.05)。 结论 首次发现RGC-32蛋白在IgAN儿童和正常肾组织中表达于肾小管,而在肾小球、肾小管间质及肾血管未见表达。RGC-32可能参与了IgAN患儿的肾小管间质损伤,尤其是TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞-间充质转分化（EMT）过程。     

儿童孤立性血尿的临床病理分析

目的 探讨儿童孤立性血尿的肾组织病理类型与临床特点。 方法 回顾性分析1995年至2008年间我科肾活检的251例孤立性血尿患儿肾组织病理和临床资料。 结果 肾组织病理类型：轻微病变（ML）93例（37.05%）,基本正常62例（24.70%）,IgA肾病（IgAN）52例（20.72%）,薄基底膜病（TBMN）17例（6.77%）,系膜增生性肾炎（MsPGN）16例（6.37%）,局灶节段肾小球硬化（FSGS）5例（1.99%）,局灶增生性肾炎（FPGN）5例（1.99%）,毛细血管内增生性肾炎（EnPGN）1例（0.40%）。镜下血尿组中IgAN比例低于肉眼血尿组（16.48%比31.88%,P < 0.05）;两组IgAN Hass分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级（83.33%比95.45%,P > 0.05）,Ⅲ级（16.67%比4.55%, P > 0.05）差异均无统计学意义。35例（共检测102例）尿微量白蛋白升高患儿中,IgANⅢ级比例显著高于尿微量白蛋白正常者（14.28%比0%,P < 0.01）;FSGS和FPGN比例高于尿微量白蛋白正常者（20.00%比1.49%,P < 0.01）;轻微病变比例显著低于尿微量白蛋白正常者（28.57%比58.21%,P < 0.01）。 结论 儿童孤立性血尿肾脏病理以轻微病变、基本正常、IgAN为常见类型。镜下血尿组中IgAN比例较肉眼血尿组低。尿微量白蛋白升高组病理类型较正常组为重。     

“两肾一夹”高血压大鼠肾组织中足细胞蛋白podocalyxin的表达及与氧化应激的关系

目的探讨足细胞顶端膜蛋白podocalyxin（PCX）在“两肾一夹”高血压大鼠肾组织中的表达及其与氧化应激的关系。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验组（n=20）和对照组（n=10）,对实验组大鼠以改进的“两肾一夹”方法建立高血压大鼠模型。分别于造模前和造模后1、5、10周检测2组尿胆微球蛋白（β-MG）、血肌酐和尿素氮水平;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定8-异前列腺素F2α（8-iso-PGF2α）含量;免疫荧光方法观察PCX蛋白在肾组织的表达;PAS染色观察肾脏病理改变。结果实验组尿β2-MG自术后一直呈上升趋势,至术后5周时尿β-MG已明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,并且随着高血压病情的延续而进行性增加。2组血肌酐和尿素氮在整个实验过程中无明显差异（P〉0．05）。实验组8-iso-PGF2α含量高于对照组（P〈0．01）,SOD活性低于对照组（P〈0．01）。免疫荧光可见实验组PCX表达低于对照组（P〈0．01）,且实验组PCX表达量与8-iso-PGF2α含量呈负相关（r=-0．584,P〈0．05）,与SOD活性呈正相关（r=0．656,P〈0．05）。结论氧化应激可以损伤PCX蛋白,进而使其表达降低,导致肾小球电荷屏障受损,尿蛋白排泄增加,在高血压。肾损害的早期发挥作用。     

慢性肾脏病患者尿血管紧张素原与肾脏肾素血管紧张素系统活性的相关性

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者尿血管紧张素原（AGT）与肾损伤指标及肾脏局部肾素血管紧张素系统（RAS）活性的关系。 方法 用放射免疫法和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血、尿RAS组分的浓度,并用免疫组织化学方法评价肾内肾素、AGT、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体的表达。分析129例CKD患者尿AGT与临床指标的相关性以及73例行肾组织活检的CKD患者尿AGT与肾脏局部RAS组分表达的相关性。 结果 129例CKD患者尿AGT （159.08±125.18）μg/g Cr,Scr（113.20±105.05） μmol/L,估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)（58.52±27.15） ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1,尿蛋白量（2.03±2.65） g/24 h,尿AngⅡ（164.71±139.25） ng/g Cr,尿Ⅳ型胶原（447.60±800.66）μg/g Cr,尿钠（162.17±81.61） mmol/24 h。 经Pearson单因素相关分析,尿AGT与eGFR （r = -0.55,P < 0.01）、尿钠 （r = -0.20, P < 0.05）呈负相关;与Scr（r = 0.51,P < 0.01）、24 h尿蛋白量（r = 0.30,P < 0.01）、尿Ang Ⅱ（r = 0.20, P < 0.05）及尿Ⅳ型胶原（r = 0.47,P < 0.01）呈正相关。多元回归分析发现尿AGT与eGFR呈负相关（P < 0.01）,与Scr（P < 0.01）、24 h尿蛋白量（P < 0.05）、尿AngⅡ（P < 0.05）、尿Ⅳ型胶原（P < 0.01）呈正相关。73例CKD患者肾活检组织中,尿AGT与肾脏AGT（r = 0.45,P < 0.01）、AngⅡ（r = 0.52,P < 0.01）和AngⅡ 1型受体（r = 0.28,P < 0.05）免疫组化阳性面积呈正相关。 结论 尿AGT可能是反映CKD肾脏损伤尤其是慢性损伤程度的指标,可作为肾脏局部AngⅡ活性的无创评价指标。     

Evaluation of Renal Clinicopathological Changes in IgA Nephropathy by Urinary Podocytes Excretion and Podocalyxin Expression

Objective: To explore the association of urinary podocyte excretion and renal expression of podocyte-specific marker podocalyxin (PCX) with clinicopathological changes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Methods: Morning urine samples from IgAN patients and healthy controls were collected. The expression of glomerular PCX was quantified in 50 IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy. IgAN was classified based on the Lee’s Grading system and scored according to the Katafuchi semiquantitative criteria. Morphological evaluation of podocyte was determined by electron microscopy. Results: The amount of urinary podocytes in the IgAN patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (p < 0.01). Pairwise comparison among Lee’s grades of IgAN showed that the median of urinary podocytes in Lee’s I–II group was lower than that in Lee’s III, IV, and V groups (p < 0.05); group III lower than group V (p < 0.05). The positive rate of urinary podocytes was the highest in Lee’s IV and V groups (100%), and lowest in Lee’s I–II group (55%). Multiple comparison among groups of Lee’s grades of IgAN showed that the glomerular PCX expression in Lee’s I–II group was higher than that in Lee’s III, IV, and V groups (p < 0.05); groups III and IV higher than group V (p < 0.05). The amount of urinary podocytes in IgAN patients was negatively correlated with PCX expression (r = ?0.702, p < 0.01), but positively correlated with 24-h urinary protein (r = 0.465, p < 0.01) and glomerular (r = 0.233, p < 0.01) and renal tubular pathological scores (r = 0.307, p < 0.05). The glomerular PCX expression was negatively correlated with 24-h urinary protein (r = ?0.367, p < 0.05) and glomerular (r = ?0.560, p < 0.05) and tubular pathological scores (r = ?0.377, p < 0.05). Electron microscopy showed significant changes in podocytes of IgAN, especially in the foot process. Conclusion: The amount of urinary podocyte can reflect the loss of podocytes in renal tissue, which may be a marker of IgAN progression.     

Study on glomerular microvascular injury and repair in patients with IgA nephropathy and its relationship with intermedin

Objective To investigate the glomerular microvascular injury and repair in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) as well as its relationship with intermedin (IMD). Methods Eighty cases of renal tissue taken from patients first diagnosed as IgAN in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University and 15 cases of normal renal tissue were detected by the expression of glomerular IMD, CD31, and VE-cadherin through immunohistochemical method. ELISA method was used to detect VEGF and IMD of plasm from 31 normal subjects and 36 cases chosen from the IgAN patients. Their changes and internal relationship were analyzed according to Lee's and chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification. Results (1) Compared with the control group the expressions of CD31, IMD, and VE-cadherin in IgAN patients were statistically significant (P＜0.01). Compared with the control group the levels of IMD and VEGF in plasma of IgAN patients in early stage of CKD group and late stage of CKD group were statistically significant (P＜0.01). (2) Correlation analysis: the expression of glomerular CD31 and Lee's classification were negatively correlated (r=-0.232, P＜0.05); glomerular IMD was negatively correlated with Lee's classification (r=-0.241, P＜0.05), while positively correlated with glomerular VE-cadherin (r=0.417, P＜0.01). VEGF in plasma of IgAN patients was positive correlated with CKD classification, BUN (r=0.458, 0.409, P＜0.05), and negatively correlated with serum ALB (r=-0.532, P＜0.01). Conclusion Microvascular injury exists in patients with IgAN. The expression of VE-cadherin and IMD are positively correlated, suggesting that IMD may be involved in the progression of vascular protection and angiogenesis in IgAN. The contents of IMD and VEGF in plasma of IgAN patients increase, indicating that they may play a role in the progression of IgAN.     

Apical cell membranes are shed into urine from injured podocytes: a novel phenomenon of podocyte injury

Previously it was shown that urine from patients with nephritis contains podocytes and their fragments (podocalyxin [PCX]-positive granular structures [PPGS]), reflecting the degree of podocyte injury. The present study was designed to trace PPGS to their origin. Urine samples and renal biopsy specimens from 53 children with nephrotic syndrome and nephritis were examined immunohistochemically. Immunofluorescence studies of kidney sections using an anti-PCX antibody demonstrated that PPGS originated from the glomerulus and flowed into the tubular lumen. Electron microscopic examination revealed that PPGS originated from microvillous or vesicle-like structures on injured podocytes in the glomerulus. For examining the origin of the PPGS, apical, slit-diaphragmatic, and basal portions of the podocytes were specifically stained, revealing that PPGS are composed primarily of apical podocyte membranes. Several newly developed antibodies that are reactive with various segments of the PCX molecule were used to analyze more detailed membrane structures, and it was found that PPGS contained intact PCX molecules, indicating that cell membrane structures are excreted in urine. The quantification of PCX content and podocyte numbers revealed that urinary sediment PCX (u-sed-PCX) content per urinary podocyte was much higher than PCX content per podocyte from isolated glomeruli of normal controls, suggesting that u-sed-PCX are derived from sources other than just the cell debris of detached podocytes. Analysis of the correlation between u-sed-PCX and renal histology revealed that the presence of PPGS reflects acute glomerular injury. In conclusion, podocyte apical cell membranes are shed into the urine from injured podocytes, indicating a previously unrecognized manifestation of podocyte injury.     

替米沙坦对老年糖尿病大鼠足细胞黏附的保护作用

目的 探讨替米沙坦对足细胞黏附的保护作用。 方法 用20月龄SD大鼠制备糖尿病模型，随机分为糖尿病组和替米沙坦治疗组，另设老年和6周龄对照组。于实验第4、8、12周末收集大鼠24 h尿，监测血压。12周后行组织病理学检查，检测尿白蛋白（24 h）和血、尿肌酐。以间接免疫荧光-hoechst 33342双染检测尿中足细胞数量。RT-PCR、免疫组化和Western印迹等方法检测肾小球中整合素α3、整合素连接激酶(ILK) mRNA和蛋白表达。 结果 随实验进程，老年糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白、血压和尿中足细胞数量明显高于对照组(P <0.05)，且出现较为明显的病理学损害。肾小球整合素α3 mRNA及蛋白表达量减少， ILK表达明显增加(P < 0.05)。第12周，整合素α3蛋白表达与ILK表达呈负相关 (P < 0.05)。尿足细胞数量、尿白蛋白程度与ILK表达呈正相关 (P < 0.05)。替米沙坦明显减轻肾脏病理损害，增加整合素α3表达，降低ILK表达，减少尿足细胞数量。 结论 老年糖尿病大鼠足细胞的黏附能力下降，尿足细胞排泄增加。替米沙坦可增强足细胞黏附，对足细胞存活起重要作用。     

Downregulation of Bcl-2 by podocytes is associated with progressive glomerular injury and clinical indices of poor renal prognosis in human IgA nephropathy

Bcl-2 defines a new class of proto-oncogenes that block cell death without promoting cell proliferation. To elucidate the role of Bcl-2 in the development of glomerular lesions in human IgA nephropathy (IgAN), we applied immunohistochemistry coupled with in situ hybridization to detect the expression of Bcl-2 products and their association with Bax, p27(kip1), and p57(kip2) in modulating the apoptotic, proliferative, and sclerotic events in progressive glomerular injury. Glomerular cell apoptosis was examined by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. A total of 51 IgAN cases were categorized into four subgroups (A to D) according to the severity of their histopathological lesions. Creatinine levels, creatinine clearance, and magnitude of proteinuria based on 24-h urine collections at the time of diagnostic renal biopsy were available for the majority of subjects. Bcl-2 expression was observed predominantly in podocytes in IgAN. Podocyte expression of Bcl-2 was found to be upregulated in early-stage disease and downregulated in late-stage disease. Bcl-2 downregulation in progressive IgAN was associated with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in glomerular epithelial cells and correlated with the downregulation of high endogenous podocyte p27(kip1) and p57(kip2) expression. Bax/Bcl-2 ratios positively correlated with glomerular cell apoptosis and the degree of glomerulosclerosis, whereas p27(kip1) and p57(kip2) expression levels were inversely correlated with mesangial hypercellularity and glomerulosclerosis. Clinicopathologic correlations demonstrated that downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression was associated with indices of poor renal prognosis in human IgAN. The results suggest that Bcl-2 expression by podocytes may exert modulatory effects on cellular processes that contribute to progressive glomerular injury and play an important role in determining renal outcome in human IgA nephropathy.     

醛固酮通过转化生长因子β1途径调节足细胞基质金属蛋白酶2和9表达

目的 观察醛固酮（ALD）刺激对足细胞培养上清液中基质金属蛋白酶2、9（MMP-2、MMP-9）活性、Ⅳ型胶原的影响及探讨ALD对足细胞细胞外基质分泌、降解的调节机制。 方法 分别用不同浓度ALD（10－11、10－9、10－7 mol/L）以不同时间（24、48、72 h）作用足细胞,并设立空白对照组。用明胶酶谱、Western印迹、ELISA方法检测培养上清液中MMP-2、MMP-9、Ⅳ型胶原α5链及TGF-β1;流式细胞仪检测足细胞黏附率,同时观察ALD受体拮抗剂螺内酯（SPI）及TGF-β1受体抑制剂对上述效应的阻断作用。 结果 与对照组相比,ALD以时间及剂量依赖性导致培养上清液中MMP-2、MMP-9活性升高（P < 0.05）;Ⅳ型胶原α5链蛋白表达下降（P < 0.05）;TGF-β1蛋白表达升高（P < 0.05）。SPI可完全阻断,而TGF-β1受体抑制剂SB431542可部分阻断ALD刺激足细胞引起的MMP-2、MMP-9活性升高、Ⅳ型胶原α5链蛋白及足细胞黏附率的下降（P < 0.05）。 结论 ALD通过TGF-β1途径使足细胞MMP-2、MMP-9活性升高,Ⅳ型胶原α5链蛋白表达下降,足细胞黏附率下降,从而使足细胞分泌基底膜成分异常,基底膜合成及降解失衡,导致足细胞损伤。