痉挛型小儿脑瘫的康复护理体会

小儿脑性瘫痪是指出生前到出生后1个月内发育时期非进行性脑损伤所致的综合征,主要表现为中枢性运动障碍及姿势异常,同时伴有智力低下、语言障碍、癫痫等.临床表现为单瘫、偏瘫、截瘫和四肢瘫.临床分型为痉挛型、手足徐动型、共济失调型、迟缓型,其中痉挛型脑瘫占60%～70%.临床上采用以运动疗法、作业疗法、语言疗法等为主要的综合性康复护理手段对痉挛型脑瘫患儿进行护理.     

高海拔地区脑瘫病因及类型分析

本文通过对１２０例脑瘫患儿病因及临床分型的分析，可以看出脑瘫发病的主要因素以新生儿窒息、缺氧、核黄疸、早产儿为主；从临床分开来看，脑瘫以痉挛型多见，其次为手足徐动型和肌无力型；关于脑瘫的诊治，强调早诊断、早治疗，同时撮加强围产期保健及提高产科接生技术，可以预防脑瘫的发生。     

脑性瘫痪120例临床分析

脑性瘫痪１２０例临床分析青海医学院附属医院儿科李明，周月芳，高建慧从１９８６～１９９４年４月通过对１２０例脑性瘫痪息儿病因及临床分型的分析，脑瘫发病的主要因素以新生儿窒息、缺氧、核黄疸、早产儿为主；临床分型脑瘫以痉挛型多见，其次为手足徐动型和肌无力型...     

中医学对脑瘫的病因病机认识及综合治疗探讨

小儿脑瘫简称脑瘫，是指出生前到出生后1个月内各种原因所致的非进行性脑损伤，主要表现为中枢性运动障碍及姿势异常。是导致我国儿童肢体残疾的主要疾病之一。现代医学临床上分为痉挛型、手足徐动型、共济失调型、强直型、混合型5型。本病基本临床表现是运动功能障碍和姿势异常，有的伴有精神发育迟缓，视力、听力、认知和行为等方面的损伤。     

小儿脑性瘫痪的综合治疗分析

本文对采用综合治疗的23例脑瘫患儿疗效进行分析。1对象与方法1.1治疗对象选择2000年6月至2005年3月我院康复门诊收治的脑瘫患儿共23例。男15例,女8例。年龄8个月至7岁。诊断及临床分型以全国小儿脑瘫座谈会纪要为准,痉挛型11例,手足徐动型7例,弛缓型2例,混合型3例。智力低下者     

小儿痉挛性脑性瘫痪外科治疗的理论与术式

脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)是指出生前到出生后脑发育过程中非进行性脑损伤所致综合征,大脑皮质运动区和锥体束病损则呈现上运动神经元瘫痪,即痉挛型脑瘫。脑性瘫痪又称L ittle病,在临床上可分为痉挛型、手足徐动型、共济失调型、强直型、震颤型、肌张力低下型、无法分类型、混合型等类型,其中痉挛型占60%左右,混和型中大部分为痉挛合并手足徐动型。这两型患者约占全部脑瘫病例的2/3左右,外科手术主要针对这两种类型的患者[1]。痉挛型脑瘫的临床治疗方法多样,包括早期行为干预、运动疗法、药物、矫形器、各类手术及康复治疗等,手术治疗总的原则为:全面临床评估,严格掌握手术适应证,通过解除痉挛、纠正畸形为康复治疗提供条件或起辅助作用[2,3]。外科治疗主要目的在于解除肌肉痉挛或过高的肌张力、平衡肌力,预防畸形的发生与发展、矫正畸形,以及调整肢体负重力线、改善运动功能,为康复训练创造条件。术前全面临床评估是决定预后至关重要的因素,可以最大限度地改善症状,避免引发新的缺陷或畸形。评估应由神经外科、矫形外科、儿科、精神科、麻醉科、物理康复科医师合作进行[4]。针对临床症状、体征、相关肌肉肌力、牵张反射(痉挛程度)、肌张力、智商及学习交流能力、...     

应用物理疗法改善脑瘫患儿肢体运动功能障碍疗效观察

目的评价物理综合疗法改善脑瘫患儿肢体运动功能障碍的效果.方法对房山儿童康复中心1999年8月～2001年8月140例脑瘫患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.按照脑瘫患儿的临床类型及人选标准分成痉挛型脑性瘫痪组和非痉挛型脑性瘫痪组.结果痉挛型脑性瘫痪组肢体运动功能障碍改善较非痉挛型脑性瘫痪组(即手足徐动型),疗效显著.结论物理疗法有其可行性、可塑性、有效性,不失为改善脑瘫息儿肢体运动功能障碍的简单、有效、价廉的治疗手段.     

中西医结合治疗小儿脑瘫的护理

小儿脑瘫是脑发育时期非进行性脑损伤而引起的以运动障碍及姿势异常为主的疾病。国内外尚无有效的治疗手段。治疗小儿脑瘫过程中 ,良好的护理对促进康复显得尤为重要 ,现将护理体会报道如下。1　临床资料本组 3 1例均为 1 999年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 3月我院儿科的住院患儿。出生时或出生后均有非进行性的脑缺血缺氧史。男 1 7例 ,女 1 4例 ,年龄 8个月～9岁 ,平均 3岁 8个月。痉挛型 2 1例 ,手足徐动型 2例 ,共济失调型 3例 ,肌张力低下型 3例 ,混合型 2例。2　治疗方法中医治疗按功能区给予头针、体针、穴位注射 ,隔日 1次。推拿按摩每日 1次…     

应用物理疗法改善脑瘫患儿肢体运动功能障碍疗效观察

目的:评价物理综合疗法改善脑瘫患儿肢体运动功能障碍的效果。方法:对房山儿童康复中心1999年8月~2001年8月140例脑瘫患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按照脑瘫患儿的临床类型及入选标准分成痉挛型脑性瘫痪组和非痉挛型脑性瘫痪组。结果:痉挛型脑性瘫痪组肢体运动功能障碍改善较非痉挛型脑性瘫痪组(即手足徐动型),疗效显著。结论:物理疗法有其可行性、可塑性、有效性,不失为改善脑瘫患儿肢体运动功能障碍的简单、有效、价廉的治疗手段。     

儿童脑瘫脑部病变的CT分型

分析68例脑瘫脑部病变CT表现分为6种类型：①脑性发育畸形，占16％；②脑萎缩，占35.2％；③皮质或皮质下软化，占11％；④基底节病变，占7．3％；⑤混合型，占4．4％；⑤正常，占25％脑萎缩是脑性瘫痪最常见的CT表现。基本反映了脑瘫的临床表现。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.