按摩对医学救援队员体能训练抗疲劳作用的研究

目的研究中医按摩保健在救援队员体能训练中的抗疲劳作用，为救援队员高负荷训练后的体能恢复提供科学依据与方案。方法武警医学救援队51人，均男性，（22．15±1．48）（20～24）岁，随机分为实验组（29人，每天体能训练后再进行20min的中医按摩保健）和对照组（22人，接受常规体能训练）。训练前和训练90d后测定身体素质指标。结果训练90d后，实验组3km跑、100m跑、专项耐力跑成绩显著优于对照组（P〈0．01），俯卧撑和专项耐力跑成绩显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）；运动损伤率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论中医按摩保健可减轻体能训练机体的疲劳状态。     

武警医学院校医学救援队基础体能训练课特点的研究

目的 采用运动心率和血乳酸两项指标对医学救援队在基础体能训练课进行监控,并对体能训练特点进行分析,为科学合理的制定医学救援队基础体能训练计划提供基础数据和资料.方法 按照医学救援队基础体能实际训练课次的安排,连续进行48课次的运动负荷监测.结果 大负荷课和最大负荷课的安排占了48次课的52.08%,训练课的平均心率为（148±12）次/min,170次/min以上的心率占18.6%.基础体能训练的中后期,医学救援队员的训练兴趣有所下降,出现了运动性疲劳,运动损伤率有上升的趋势.结论 医学救援队基础体能训练课的负荷强度较大,大负荷课和最大负荷课的安排较多.应合理穿插安排中小运动负荷的课次,应降低负荷强度.     

高强度间歇训练对医学救援队员有氧能力的影响

目的 研究高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对医学救援队员有氧能力的影响,为有针对性的训练提供理论和实践支持.方法 对30名健康男性医学救援队员实施6周（2-3次/周）的HIIT训练,检测训练前后身体机能和耐力素质指标,对检测结果进行统计分析.结果 训练后测试指标分别为安静脉搏（65.22±7.25）;肺活量（4011.15±542.88）、VO2max（49.14±4.53）、俯卧挺身（65.68±11.27）、仰卧起坐（56.64±12.56）、3 000m 跑（730.15±45.16）各指标变化情况优于训练前（P〈0.05或0.01）.结论 训练后测试指标的变化能够反映机体的有氧运动能力趋于优化,HIIT训练对提高医学救援队员有氧能力有显著效果.     

对武警某学院医学救援队员基础体能训练方法的比较研究

目的 探讨不同干预训练方法对救援队员基础体能的影响,为救援队员基础体能训练方案的优化和实施提供最佳训练方法.方法 按部队现行建制抽取学员52名,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组耐力素质采用持续跑和间歇跑组合训练法;力量素质采用循环训练法;速度素质采用单个练习重复训练法等.对照组按照学院现行训练方法进行.训练前后均测试救援队员的身体素质.结果 持续监测16周干预训练,实验组训练前后各项测试成绩均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）;对照组训练前后测试100 m跑、2 min俯卧撑、立定跳远、2 min仰卧起坐成绩差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）,5 000 m跑和引体向上成绩差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.实验组100 m跑、5 000 m跑、2 min俯卧撑、2 min仰卧起坐和引体上成绩优于对照组（均P〈0.01）,立定跳远成绩优于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论 采用干预训练方法增强救援队员基础体能优于传统的体能训练方法,具有可行性和有效性.     

应急救援人员体能训练后消除肌肉疲劳的对策分析

目的探讨应急救援人员体能训练后消除肌肉疲劳的有效方法。方法选取医学救援应急人员60人,随机分为实验组与对照组各30人,2组人员均进行10次较大负荷的应急救援体能训练,训练后实验组做静力牵张练习,对照组只做整理活动,以调查问卷方法收集2组训练前后的机体反应情况,并进行对比分析。结果实验组训练后身体主要负荷部位疲劳恢复情况、晨脉正常情况、以及睡眠和食欲的改变,均明显好于对照组（均P〈O．05）。结论静力牵张练习对消除体能训练后肌肉疲劳有非常好的效果,对应急救援人员恢复体能有益。     

对武警某高校医学救援队员专项耐力素质训练方法的研究

目的 探讨发展医学救援队员耐力素质的训练方法,提高其专项耐力素质.方法 武警某高校救援医学专业共52名男学员,随机分为实验组和对照组,在专项耐力素质训练中,实验组采用持续训练法与综合间歇循环训练法相结合的方法,对照组按现行方案进行常规方法训练,持续监测训练12周.结果 实验组训练后心肺功能、有氧代谢能力较对照组均有显著性提高(P<0.01),专项耐力素质指标优良率也明显高于对照组.实验组训练12周后肺活量、PWC170、VO2max 较训练前分别提高了8.59%、44.76%和23.87%(P<0.01),5 000 m跑成绩提高了11.51%(P<0.01).结论 持续训练法与综合间歇循环训练法相结合的方法可有效发展医学救援队员的专项耐力素质,为提高救援队的战斗力奠定坚实的体能基础.     

武警方舱医院救援队员选拔标准体系的优化构建

提供武警方舱医院队员选拔标准,探讨以通用指标、政治素养、业务能力、身体素质、心理素质为主构成的选拔标准体系,为做好武警方舱医院人员抽组奠定坚实基础,也为国家及地方卫生部门和机构遴选抽组医疗救援分队提供经验和方法。     

心理放松训练对银屑病患者的应激干预效果分析

目的探索心理放松训练对银屑病患者的干预效果,为银屑病患者设计具有针对性的医学治疗方法和心理学干预方法提供帮助。方法通过"压力知觉问卷"了解被试者疾病感知与应对行为特点,用多导生理记录仪采集试验组与对照组在多项应激性任务、应激事件回忆及放松训练时的生理指标(指温、心率、皮肤电),并采用SPSS 13.5进行描述性统计,差异性检验及逐步回归等分析。结果银屑病组与正常对照组在压力知觉上差异有统计学意义(P0.01),患者的心率、皮肤电和指温在应激状态与放松训练之间的变化最为显著,其中心率的差异最为显著。结论放松训练能够显著降低患者心率、皮肤电和皮温指标,改善其交感神经活动强度,起到舒缓应激的作用。     

论大型舰船突发事故的医学救援

海上事故具突发性,救援难度高,救援时效性强.遇险的人员通常都会产生恐慌的心理,心理素质和耐力都将受到挑战,意志极易被摧垮.同时,海上伤员在发生海水浸泡特别是低温海水浸泡情况后,其生理发生特殊变化,需要采取特殊的救治措施.政府是实施救助的主要力量.我国在1974年建立了全国海上的安全指挥部门,也就是人们常说的中国海上搜寻救援中心.笔者根据大型舰船突发事故医学救援的难点以及当前救援现状,提出应全面协调完善各类计划、开展各类人员紧急救护训练、使用医疗救护船和开发特殊伤情处理方法,以提高救援的成功率,降低死亡率.     

明尼苏达多相人格调查表在医疗救援队员选拔及性格分析中的应用研究

目的 探讨MMPI在医疗救援队员选拔及分析医疗救援队员人格特征中的应用价值.方法 采用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI) 测量50名医疗救援队员(男30人,女20人,年龄(30±10.8)岁,均受过高等教育.并与中国普通人常模比较.结果 医疗救援队员的MMPI量表的疑病(Hs)、癔病(Hy)、病理性偏离(Pd)、精神衰弱(Pt)和躁狂(Ma)的原始分显著高于中国普通人常模(均P ﹤0.01),精神分裂症(Sc)原始分显著低于常模(P ﹤0.01).量表各因子的原始分换算成中国T min后,均＜60 分,剖析图模式为1,7的2点编码形式.结论 医疗救援队员群体无个性偏离,但在正常范围内(40＜T min＜60).MMPI 量表的Hs、Hy 、Pd 、Pt和Ma偏高和Sc 偏低是健康医疗救援的个性特征.具有正常范围内的高Hs、Hy 、Pd 、Pt和Ma和低Sc 是医疗救援队员的合适人选,该量表作为医疗救援队员的选拔有较好的参考价值.     

Exercise training in heart transplantation

Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure (HF). Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service. Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers, enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference, leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients. Exercise training improves exercise capacity, cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients. Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia. All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge. Moreover, all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider. Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training, especially in stable transplant patients, individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach. Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients. However, long-term follow-up data is incomplete and, therefore, further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population.     

Importance of physical capacity and the effects of exercise in heart transplant recipients

One of the most important prognostic factors in heart failure patients is physical capacity. Patients with very poor physical performance and otherwise eligible, may be listed as candidates for heart transplantation (HTx). After such surgery, life-long immunosuppression therapy is needed to prevent rejection of the new heart. The dark side of immunosuppression is the increased risk of infections, kidney failure, cancer and advanced atherosclerosis (cardiac allograft vasculopathy), with the two latter conditions as the main causes of later mortality. In a worldwide perspective, 50% of the HTx patients survive past 10 years. Poor aerobic capacity prior to graft deterioration is not only limited to the failing heart, but also caused by peripheral factors, such as limited function in the skeletal muscles and in the blood vessels walls. Exercise rehabilitation after HTx is of major importance in order to improve physical capacity and prognosis. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIT) in HTx recipients is a growing field of research attracting worldwide focus and interest. Accumulating evidence has shown that HIT is safe and efficient in maintenance HTx recipients; with superior effects on physical capacity compared to conventional moderate exercise. This article generates further evidence to the field by summarizing results from a decade of research performed at our center supported by a broad, but not strict formal, literature review. In short, this article demonstrates a strong association between physical capacity measured after HTx and long-term survival. It describes the possible “HIT-effect” with increased levels of inflammatory mediators of angiogenesis. It also describes long-term effects of HIT; showing a positive effect in development of anxiety symptoms despite that the improved physical capacity was not sustained, due to downregulation of exercise and intensity. Finally, our results are linked to the ongoing HITTS study, which investigates safety and efficiency of HIT in de novo HTx recipients. Together with previous results, this study may have the potential to change existing guidelines and contribute to a better prognosis for the HTx population as a whole.     

Effects of phototherapy plus physical training on metabolic profile and quality of life in postmenopausal women

A cluster of metabolic abnormalities are markedly higher among postmenopausal women. The present study evaluated the effects of infrared light emitting diode (LED) during treadmill training on multiple metabolic markers, body fat, dietary habits and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Forty-five postmenopausal women aged 50–60 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups, and of these, 30 women successfully completed the full study. The three groups were as follows: (i) the LED group, which performed treadmill training associated with phototherapy (n = 10); (ii) the exercise group, which carried out treadmill training only (n = 10); and (iii) the sedentary group, which neither performed physical training nor underwent phototherapy (n = 10). Training was performed over a period of six months, twice a week for 45 min per session at 85–90% of maximal heart rate (HR_max), which was obtained during a progressive exercise testing. The average HR and velocity during treadmill training were 144 ± 9 bpm and 5.8 ± 1.3 km/h for both trained groups. The irradiation parameters were 100 mW, 39 mW/cm² and 108 J/cm² for 45 min. Anthropometric data, skinfolds thickness, biochemical exams (lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels), dietary habits and quality of life were evaluated. The sum of skinfolds significantly improved in the exercise and sedentary groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an improvement in lipid profile, particularly, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, which reduced significantly for all groups (p ? 0.05). However, intake of saturated fats was significantly reduced in the sedentary group only (p < 0.05). The quality of life improved in the LED group only, with a significant reduction in the total WHQ score (p < 0.05). Physical training with or without phototherapy may improve the metabolic profile. In addition, phototherapy together with treadmill training prevented an increase in subcutaneous fat and facilitated an improved quality of life in postmenopausal women.     

孕期拉玛泽体操训练对降低产时宫缩痛提高自然分娩率的调查研究

目的:研究孕期参加拉玛泽体操训练对降低产时宫缩痛提高自然分娩率的影响。方法:对2009年2月～2010年2月在我院住院分娩产妇,依据孕期是否接受拉玛泽体操训练分成试验组与对照组,比较两组产妇对宫缩痛耐受程度、产程时间、分娩方式、产程中与医护配合程度。新生儿窒息发生率、产后出血发生率、产后子宫复旧体形恢复的差异。结果:试验组与对照组比较,试验组对宫缩痛耐受程度高,产程中与医护配合良好,产程时间明显缩短,自然分娩率高,产后出血减少,新生儿窒息窒息发生明显减少,产后子宫复旧及形体恢复加快。     

蹬空屈伸法训练预防新兵下肢应力性骨折探讨

目的 探讨蹬空屈伸法训练预防新兵下肢应力性骨折（SF）的疗效,为预防应力性骨折提供参考.方法 采用队列研究的方法.研究对象：某部新入伍士兵396人,随机分成两组,甲组为对照组202人,进行正常训练,乙组为干预组194人,在正常训练基础上,增加干预措施即蹬空屈伸法训练.干预4周后对参与人员下肢疼痛情况进行问卷调查和VAS评分,VAS评分标准,轻度（0～3）,中度（4～6）,重度（7～10）.结果 参与调查人员,下肢疼痛总发生率为10.61%.甲组发生下肢疼痛29例,发生率为14.36%,其中轻度4例,中度19例,重度6例.乙组发生下肢疼痛13例,发生率为6.70%,其中轻度8例,中度3例,重度2例.两组比较,差异有统计意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 蹬空屈伸法训练,简单实用,安全有效,可作为预防下肢应力性骨折发生的一种可选方法,值得进一步探讨.     

医学干预前后军事训练伤发生情况的对比研究

目的观察医学干预对武警战士军事训练伤发生情况的影响。方法在2005年对河北某部队战士常规军事训练伤发生情况进行调查，针对调查的结果开展医学干预一年，内容是①部队领导对训练情况进行定期现场监督，举办骨干培训班。②对战士进行训练伤预防的健康教育。③进行自我按摩和相互按摩的技能培训。④在训练课开始阶段进行5～10min的热身运动。训练课结束部分进行慢跑和肌肉拉伸。在基本训练科目中强调发展肌肉力量速度的手段在前，耐力性训练项目在后。⑤进行心理咨询和心理辅导。⑥改善训练装备和场地建设。以该部队为对照组，未进行医学干预。一年后再次科学调查。结果2006年干预组训练伤的总发生率为15．15％，显著低于2005年（23．90％，P〈0．01），结论实施医学干预可以有效降低军事训练伤的发生。     

消防新兵体能训练胫骨前区康复治疗系统效果研究

目的 初步观察新兵下肢运动损伤康复治疗系统（简称康复治疗系统）的防治效果.方法 将整群抽取的某部新兵90例随机分为对照组、观察1组和观察2组,各30例.对照组在60天高强度军事体能训练中不使用康复治疗系统;观察1组在60天高强度军事体能训练中始终使用康复治疗系统;观察2组高强度军事体能练30天后使用康复治疗系统,比较3组胫前区出现疼痛、肿胀或包块等症状特征发生率.结果 高强度军事训练30天后,对照组和观察2组疼痛、肿胀或包块等症状特征发生率非常显著高于观察1组（P＜0.01）;高强度军事体能训练60天后,观察1组和观察2组疼痛、肿胀或包块等症状特征发生率非常显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论 康复治疗系统防治胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎效果比较好.     

Do Training‐Dependent Differences in Perspiration Exist between Healthy and Atopic Subjects?

Sweating (perspiratio sensibilis) serves predominantly for thermoregulation and is triggered, among other stimuli, by physical stress. Although consensus on sex-dependent differences in sweating has not been reached so far and recent studies revealing abnormal diminution of the sweating capacity in atopic subjects are mainly based on heat exposure experiments, the influence of endurance training on perspiration in atopics has not yet been evaluated. Using a special sweat collector device reliable even during intensive body movement, we compared the sweat production of age-matched male and female healthy controls (14 m, 10 f) to that of in-patients with atopic eczema (AE: 14 m, 10 f) during and 5 min after physical exercise (30 min) with a bicycle ergometer under standardized experimental conditions. The individual stress limit was determined by a previous endurance test including repeated lactate blood level measurements and continuous heart rate control. Informed consent was obtained from every participant in the study. One half of both the patients and the controls underwent three week endurance training, and the preceding sweat measurements were repeated in all patients and controls after the training period under identical conditions. On average, the healthy males perspired nearly twice as much as the corresponding females (p < 0.0016). Highly significant mean differences of maximum sweat secretion rates were also found between the atopics and the controls. Healthy individuals of both sexes perspired nearly three times as much as did the patients with AE (males: p < 0.0004; females: p < 0.00009). Among the atopics there were remarkable, yet statistically insignificant, sexual differences in sweat production. After three weeks, sweating rates were similar to the initial ones in the training group as well as in the non-trained control group. Gender differences in perspiration do not only exist between healthy males and females but also in patients with atopic skin disorder, yet the latter ones at significantly lower levels as compared to healthy control subjects. No influence of a three-week-exercise phase on sweat secretion in atopics and controls could be proven. For designing further studies on intra- or intersexual differences of drug-independent perspiration, standardized physical stress can be recommended as an experimental prerequisite for sweat measurements.