等张运动和抗阻运动对血浆利钠肽激素的影响

目的 :比较等张运动和抗阻运动对血浆利钠肽激素的影响。方法 :8例健康男性采用相同靶心率和相同运动时间 ,分别进行等张运动和交替抗阻运行 ,观察运动前后血浆利钠肽的应激变化。结果 :血浆心房利钠肽和脑利钠肽在等张运动后并行性显著增高 ,抗阻运动后增高不明显 ,但其分泌程度与两项乘积呈正相关。结论 :运动可以导致血浆利钠肽激素的增高 ,体内各激素水平之间存在着交互抑制的现象 ,两种运动形式均有利于提高冠状血管的贮备功能     

等张运动和抗阻运动对肾脏相关激素的影响

目的探讨等张运动和抗阻运动对肾脏相关激素的影响，为肾脏疾病的临床康复治疗提供参考依据。方法8例健康男性以相同的靶心率(40％HRmax)和运动时间(20min)交替进行等张运动和抗阻运动，观察运动前、后血浆肾素活性(PRA)、醛固酮(ALDO)和抗利尿激素(ADH)的应激变化。结果血浆PRA、ADH和ALDO在等张运动和抗阻运动后均显著增高，抗阻运动后血浆ADH和PRA水平与等张运动后比较，有增高趋势。结论运动引起血浆PRA、ADH和ALDO增加是机体在应激状态下维持水、电解质平衡的一种适应性反应；抗阻运动后血浆ADH和PRA呈现增高的趋势提示影响肾脏相关激素变化的因素与运动的强度有关。     

心理应激对原发性高血压病的影响

目的　调查心理应激与原发性高血压的关系　方法　运用心理应激法检测应激前后 3 1例原发性高血压患者和 2 5例正常人群的血压、心率、血浆儿茶酚胺的反应情况　结果　心理应激前后两组测试人群的心率、血压和血浆儿茶酚胺含量相比有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) ,高血压组血浆去甲肾上腺素明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 )　结论　心理应激状态下 ,交感神经兴奋 ,去甲肾上腺素和血压明显升高     

适量抗阻运动对慢性心功能不全患者血清PTH、DA、ALD水平和心功能、运动耐力与生活质量的影响

目的研究适量抗阻运动对慢性心功能不全患者血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、多巴胺(DA)、醛固酮(ALD)水平和心功能、运动耐力与生活质量的影响。方法选取我院2014年4月—2016年4月90例慢性心功能不全患者,根据心脏康复运动方法的不同均分为抗阻运动组与对照组,对照组在常规药物治疗基础上给予步行锻炼辅助治疗,抗阻运动组在常规药物治疗基础上给予适量抗阻运动,均持续12周。比较两组治疗前后PTH、儿茶酚胺、肾素-血管紧张素系统指标水平,并评价两组治疗前后心功能、运动耐力与生活质量改善情况。结果两组治疗后PTH较治疗前显著降低,DA较治疗前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);治疗后,抗阻运动组PTH显著低于对照组,DA显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。两组治疗后血管紧张素Ⅰ(ANG-Ⅰ)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ANG-Ⅱ)、ALD水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.01),且抗阻运动组治疗后ANG-Ⅰ、ANG-Ⅱ、ALD水平均显著低于对照组(P0.01)。两组治疗后左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径较治疗前显著降低,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心搏出量(CO)较治疗前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);治疗后,抗阻运动组LVEF、CO显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后最大负荷、6 min步行距离较治疗前显著增加,明尼苏达心功能不全生命质量量表(minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire, MLHFQ)评分较治疗前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);抗阻运动组治疗后最大负荷、6 min步行距离显著大于对照组(P0.05),MLHFQ评分显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论常规药物治疗基础上辅以适量抗阻运动可以抑制慢性心功能不全患者PTH、ALD分泌,促进DA合成,对心功能、运动耐力与生活质量也具有不同程度改善作用。     

有氧运动和抗阻运动对原发性高血压患者自主神经功能干预效果对比研究

目的:比较有氧运动和抗阻运动对原发性高血压患者自主神经功能的干预效果。方法:选取原发性高血压患者60例,分为有氧运动组、抗阻运动组和有氧抗阻运动组各20例,分别给予有氧运动、抗阻运动和有氧抗阻运动。比较3组干预前后血压的变化及心率变异性(HRV)和血压变异性(BPV)。结果:干预后,有氧抗阻运动组的收缩压和舒张压均低于另2组,降压幅度均高于另2组(均P<0.05)。有氧运动组和有氧抗阻运动组HRV-HF较干预前均升高(P<0.05),HRV-LF、HRV-LF/HF及BPV-LF较干预前均降低(P<0.05),抗阻运动组的结果与另2组相反。干预后HRV-HF值由高到低依次为有氧抗阻运动组、有氧运动组和抗阻运动组(均P<0.05),HRV-LF、HRV-LF/HF及BPV-LF值3组排序相反(均P<0.05)。结论:有氧抗阻运动可明显降低原发性高血压患者的血压,并且降压效果优于有氧运动和抗阻运动,可能与改善患者的心血管自主神经功能有关。     

不同运动方式对慢性肾脏病患者肾功能及心血管疾病相关危险因素的影响

目的:探究有氧运动和有氧运动联合抗阻训练对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者肾功能及心血管疾病相关危险因素的影响。方法:87例CKD患者随机分为对照组(n=29)、有氧运动组(n=29)和有氧联合抗阻训练组(n=29)。有氧运动组以50%峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)踏功率自行车,每次30min。有氧联合抗阻训练组先以50%VO2peak踏功率自行车30min,再进行弹力带抗阻训练。两组运动周期均为每周3次,共12周。比较三组间运动前后肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(SBUN)、24h尿蛋白定量(24UP)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、静息心率(RHR)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的差异。结果:运动前三组间各指标均无显著差异(P0.05);运动后,与对照组相比运动组在e GFR、SCr、SBUN、24UP、SBP、DBP、RHR、TG、TC和LDL-C均有显著改善(P0.05);且运动后,与有氧运动组相比有氧联合抗阻训练组在TG、TC、和LDL-C改善更明显(P0.05)。结论:单纯有氧运动和有氧运动联合抗阻训练对CKD患者肾功能及心血管疾病相关危险因素均有改善作用,且与单纯有氧运动相比有氧运动联合抗阻训练对CKD患者的血脂改善效果更好。     

不同运动方式改善原发性高血压患者自主神经功能的疗效对比

目的:探讨有氧抗阻运动对原发性高血压患者产生降压疗效的自主神经功能变化。方法:将106例原发性高血压患者随机分为3组,抗阻组(35例)、有氧组(36例)以及联合组(35例),3组在口服药物的基础上分别进行中等强度抗阻运动、慢跑以及有氧抗阻运动辅助治疗。疗程结束后,对3组患者进行血流动力学测定和心血管自主神经功能评测。结果:疗程结束后,3组收缩压和舒张压均明显低于治疗前(均P0.05),联合组收缩压和舒张压均较抗阻组和有氧组低(均P0.05);抗阻组心率变异性(HRV)-高频功率(HF)明显低于治疗前,HRV-低频功率(LF)和HRV-LF/HF明显高于治疗前,有氧组与联合组治疗后HRV-HF明显高于治疗前,HRV-LF和HRV-LF/HF治疗后低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);3组治疗后HRV比较:3组中联合组HRVHF最高,HRV-LF、HRV-LF/HF联合组最低,其次为有氧组,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05);疗程结束后有氧组与联合组BPV-LF明显低于治疗前(均P0.05),抗阻组BPV-LF较治疗前明显增高(P0.05);3组中BPV-HF值差异无显著性(P0.05),联合组BPV-LF值最低,其次为有氧组,抗阻组最高,3组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧抗阻运动能够明显改善患者心血管自主神经功能,优于单纯抗阻运动及有氧运动。     

不同体位和阻力运动对健康人心血管反应的影响

目的：通过在坐位和卧位两种不同体位下,观察健康人进行不同强度抗阻运动时心血管反应及主观感受水平的变化.方法：20名观察对象随机采取坐位、卧位,轻、重两种弹性阻力下,进行每组5min,共4组的右侧伸膝抗阻运动的间歇性运动训练,静止期及每次运动前后均采集观察对象的心率、血压和心率变异性、自觉疲劳程度和焦虑水平等指标.结果：不同体位下的心率（HR）、低频与高频的比值（LF/HF）、高频功率（HFms2）、标准化低频功率（LFn.u.）和标准化高频功率（HFn.u.）差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,在体位与阻力的交互作用下这几个指标差异也有统计学差异（P＜0.01）,不同阻力间HR差异有统计学差异（P＜0.01）.卧位下两级阻力间HR差异有统计学差异（P＜0.01）.结论：实验结果提示,体位对心血管反应的影响较明显,而轻阻力负荷下,其阻力差引起的心血管反应差异不明显.各项客观指标对于训练过程中机体的变化灵敏性高于主观感受指标.     

抗阻运动的睾酮应答

背景：抗阻运动雄激素应答是运动科学领域的研究热点,目前关于抗阻运动雄激素应答的研究结果表现不同,总体表现为不同抗阻运动干预下雄激素变化趋势不同。目的：全面了解目前抗阻运动对人体雄激素应答的影响,描述抗阻运动雄激素应答的研究进展。为抗阻运动训练监控提供理论依据。方法：电子检索美国生物医学文献数据库PubMed 1986至2013年收录的抗阻运动激素应答的相关综述及论文报告,共纳入46篇文献分析抗阻运动雄激素应答的进展。结果与结论：研究表明举重（抓举、挺举）、深蹲、硬拉与小肌肉群相比较能产生更多的睾酮水平升高,在相同的相对负荷下,离心收缩和向心收缩产生同样的激素应答。充足的训练量和强度能确切的改变循环睾酮水平,短间歇时间比长间歇时间更能产生睾酮应答性升高。研究发现运动前后青年组较老年组游离睾酮升高明显。补充营养会影响抗阻训练的急性睾酮应答。改变运动强度和运动量会产生安静睾酮浓度改变,但恢复正常训练时,睾酮浓度回到基础值。抗阻运动能上调人类骨骼肌雄激素受体含量。     

推拿结合抗阻运动对骨骼肌衰减症患者日常生活活动能力的影响

目的:探讨推拿或/和抗阻运动对骨骼肌衰减症男性患者骨骼肌质量、肌力、步速及日常活动能力的影响,为推拿及运动防治老年人骨骼肌衰减症提供科学依据。方法:按照亚洲肌少症工作组确定的骨骼肌衰减症诊断标准筛选符合标准的骨骼肌衰减症老年男性志愿者24例,并随机平均分为4组:对照组(C)、推拿组(M)、抗阻运动组(R)、推拿结合抗阻运动组(MR)。M组受试者接受推拿功法易筋经(20min)和推拿手法(20min)干预;R组受试者分别进行60%—80%1RM、3组/次、组间歇3—5min的板凳深蹲(20min)和弹力带练习(20min);MR组受试者交替进行推拿干预和抗阻运动练习。干预频率为3次/周,为期8周,8周前后分别测量受试者四肢骨骼肌质量、肌力、步速及Barthel指数,并进行统计分析。结果:1组内比较发现:C组仅步速显著下降;M组和R组握力、步速和Barthel指数显著提高,四肢骨骼肌质量指数(appendicular skeletal muscle mass,ASMI)值小幅提升但无差异显著性;MR组四项测量指标均显著升高。2组间比较发现:与C组相比,M组仅步速显著提高,R组除ASMI值外均显著提高,MR组四项测量指标均显著升高;与M组相比,MR组四项测量指标均显著升高;与R组相比,MR组仅Barthel指数显著提高。结论:推拿结合抗阻运动能有效提升骨骼肌衰减症患者骨骼肌质量、肌力、步行能力及整体活动能力,且其改善效果优于单纯进行推拿或抗阻运动干预,是值得推荐的治疗骨骼肌衰减症的有效手段之一。     

Arterial and venous plasma catecholamines during submaximal steady-state exercise

Arterial and venous plasma catecholamine responses to 15 min of cycling at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake were examined 11 times during exercise and recovery in nine young men. Intra-arterial blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen uptake were recorded continuously. All variables increased significantly during the initial 4 min, after which oxygen uptake, diastolic blood pressure and arterial plasma adrenaline showed no further increase. Heart rate and plasma noradrenaline, however, continued to increase, although significantly more slowly, and were closely correlated (r = 0·81, 95% CI 0·71–0·87), as were systolic blood pressure and heart rate (r = 0·78, 95% CI 0·71–0·87). Venous plasma adrenaline showed a steady increase during the whole exercise period and thus a different response pattern from arterial plasma adrenaline. In conclusion, arterial plasma catecholamines respond to steady-state exercise by a two-phase pattern paralleling the changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Venous sampling does not reveal this association.     

Blood flow velocity and vascular resistance during passive leg exercise in the critically ill patient

Passive range of motion exercise is a very common physical therapy treatment for patients admitted to an intensive care unit. However is the knowledge scarce regarding its impact on blood circulation in the extremities. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of passive range of motion on arterial peripheral leg blood flow velocity (BFV) and vascular resistance. A cross-sectional consecutive study of twelve patients admitted to an intensive care unit and twelve healthy age- and gender-matched controls was conducted. Passive range of motion was performed in one leg by a physical therapist. Blood flow velocities and resistance index in the common femoral artery (CFA), blood pressure and heart rate were measured before, directly after and at rest after passive range of motion. No changes were seen in BFV or resistance index in the patient group or the control group. No changes were found in blood pressure or heart rate in the patient group. In the control group, changes were found in systolic and mean blood pressure, with a higher pressure before passive range of motion. The controls had lower BFV and higher resistance index than the patients when comparing the groups. The conclusion of this study including twelve patients is that passive range of motion does not alter BFV or resistance index in the CFA in comatose and/or sedated critically ill patients.     

Physiologic and symptomatic responses of cardiac patients to resistance exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the symptomatic and physiologic responses during moderate to heavy resistance exercise in a population with coronary artery disease. After at least 12 weeks of aerobic training without experiencing complications, 15 male cardiac patients were selected for the study. Approximately one week after a graded exercise test (GXT), each patient's maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was determined on seven upper-body Nautilus machines. Resistance exercises, consisting of two sets of seven repetitions at a submaximal intensity (75% MVC) for each exercise, were then performed on two nonconsecutive occasions; symptomatic, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic responses were recorded and analyzed for patients both on and off beta-blockers. During the MVC and submaximal exercise trials, no significant untoward hemodynamic change was noted with heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or rate pressure product, and no patient complained of angina or developed ischemic electrocardiographic changes. However, three incidences of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) occurred. During the GXT, there were 13 incidences of angina, ischemia, or PVCs. Patients taking beta-blockers had significantly lower (p less than .01) values for heart rate and rate pressure product during the GXT, MVC, and submaximal trials. These results suggest that clinically stable, aerobically trained cardiac patients may perform moderate to heavy resistance exercises without experiencing complications.     

EFFECTS OF KETANSERIN ON CARDIOVASCULAR, SYMPATHO-ADRENAL AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS DURING PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN MAN

Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen consumption, plasma concentrations of catecholamines, renin, aldosterone and lactate were measured in 6 normotensive volunteers during a randomized cross-over study of oral ketanserin (20 mg X 7) and placebo; measurements were made at rest and during maximal dynamic exercise on a bicycle ergometer. At rest ketanserin reduced blood pressure without modifying heart rate or plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. Duration of exercise and blood lactate levels did not differ between the ketanserin and the control group. During exercise only systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased on ketanserin at maximal work rate whereas heart rate did not change. Plasma noradrenaline was significantly increased and plasma aldosterone significantly decreased during exercise in ketanserin-treated subjects whereas plasma renin activity and plasma adrenaline remained unchanged. Finally, under ketanserin oxygen consumption during exercise was reduced. The results suggest that ketanserin might interfere with the sympathetic nervous system and aldosterone secretion in man.     

运动疗法在心脏术后康复中的作用

目的：探讨运动疗法在心脏术后康复中的作用。方法：21例心脏手术后患者均接受功率自行车或／和跑台训练为主的康复训练，并采用常规心电运动试验对康复训练前后的各项指标进行比较。结果：运动训练后，运动时间和最大运动负荷显著增加，安静时，心率、血压（包括收缩压和舒张压）、心率－血压乘积均显著下降（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），安静时心电图最大ST段压低明显改善（P＜0．01）；同等负荷量运动时，心率、血压、心率－血压乘积及运动诱发的最ST段压低与安静状态时有相似的改变(P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。结论：心脏术后的康复训练有助于增加体能，减轻心肌缺血，增加心肌储备功能，从而改善了患者的生活质量。     

冠心病运动前后血液流变学指标变化的研究

本文观察了３８例冠心病患者运动前后血液流变学习指标的变化，并与３０例正常人进行对照，结果表明：冠心病组在运动前后血液流变学指标改变具有高度显著性，特别是全血比粘度和纤维蛋白原．而对照组运动前后血液流变学指标改变无显著性。两组间运动前血液流变学指标差异无显著性，运动后的差异具有显著性．提示运动前后测定血液流变学指标有助于冠心病的早期诊断．     

Influence of the order of aerobic and resistance exercise on hemodynamic responses and arterial stiffness in young normotensive individuals

AimsTo investigate the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises and the inverse sequence on the hemodynamic parameters and indicators of arterial stiffness in healthy young adult subjects.MethodsFifteen subjects were randomized in a crossover procedure according to two experimental conditions: combined aerobic exercise (30 min of treadmill running, 75–80% – peak VO₂) followed by resistance exercise (5 exercises, 3 sets – 10 RM) (AR) or vice versa (RA). Data of the hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness were obtained at baseline and after exercise (post-10, post-20, and post-30 min). Two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements was performed with the Newman–Keuls post-hoc. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05.ResultsThe results of the two-way ANOVA for repeated measures were not statistically significant for brachial and central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, or arterial stiffness indicators: reflected wave indicators and pulse wave velocity (P > 0.05). Statistically significant interactions were observed before and after the exercise sessions for heart rate and rate pressure product (P = < 0.001).ConclusionThe performance order of aerobic exercise followed by resistance exercise (AR) and the reverse order (RA) present similar changes in blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness. However, resistance exercise before aerobic exercise promotes increases in heart rate and rate product pressure.     

Acute hemodynamic effects of abdominal exercise with and without breath holding

OBJECTIVES: To compare the magnitudes of change in heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product (RPP) during 3 abdominal exercises: straight partial sit-up (SPSU), oblique partial sit-up (OPSU), and the AbSculptor(R) sit-up; and to examine the effect of breath holding on these parameters. DESIGN: Prospective, repeated measures. SETTING: Autonomic research laboratory in a major medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen normal male and female volunteers (age range, 24-37y; mean, 30.4y). INTERVENTIONS: Hemodynamic parameters were recorded during each abdominal exercise performed with and without breath holding. Mean peak values were calculated for 1 minute before exercise, during exercise, and for 10 minutes after exercise.Main Outcome Measures: Statistical analysis examined for differences in the hemodynamic changes among the 3 exercises under both conditions (with and without breath holding). RESULTS: Heart rate, SBP, DBP, mean blood pressure, and RPP increased during all 3 exercises. The mean peak heart rate and RPP increases were greater for the OPSU than the AbSculptor (heart-rate increase, 21.1+/-6.6bpm vs 17.6+/-5.7bpm, P=.03; RPP increase, 36.9+/-15.5bpm.mmHg vs 29.4+/-10.1bpm.mmHg, P=.05). For all 3 exercises, breath holding significantly increased the hemodynamic parameter elevations during exercise, with the exception of heart rate (SBP, P<.001; DBP, P<.001; mean blood pressure, P<.001; RPP, P=.02). Quantitatively, breath holding during the OPSU resulted in the largest exercise-associated increases in heart rate (21.0+/-8.1bpm), mean blood pressure (22.2+/-16.4mmHg), and RPP (44.9+/-22.3bpm.mmHg). Postexercise, all hemodynamic parameters generally returned to baseline within several minutes. CONCLUSION: When performing the OPSU, SPSU, or the AbSculptor exercises as used in this investigation, normal individuals exercising at low intensities may experience peak heart rate and mean blood pressure increases of 30bpm and 50mmHg, respectively. Voluntary breath holding significantly increased the peak blood pressure elevations and RPP for all 3 exercises, but particularly for the OPSU.