腹腔镜经腹入路和经腹膜外入路在肾下极水平以上原发性腹膜后肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹入路和经腹膜外入路在肾下极水平以上原发性腹膜后肿瘤切除术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2013年1月～2018年10月我科腹腔镜手术治疗69例肾下极水平以上原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床资料,其中35例经腹入路,34例经腹膜外入路,对比2种入路术中、术后情况。结果联合脏器切除1例,为高分化脂肪肉瘤经腹膜外入路联合左肾上腺切除。2例因与周围器官及腹主动脉关系密切,中转开腹。经腹入路组手术时间(145. 2±71. 8) min,与经腹膜外入路组(116. 0±74. 7) min差异无显著性(t=1. 659,P=0. 102)。经腹入路组术中出血量中位数100(10,200) ml,经腹膜外入路组10(5,62. 5) ml,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2. 454,P=0. 014)。经腹膜外入路组术后排气时间(1. 8±0. 6) d,明显短于经腹入路组(2. 3±0. 9) d(t=2. 686,P=0. 009);术后住院时间(4. 3±1. 5) d,明显短于经腹入路组(5. 3±2. 6) d(t=2. 017,P=0. 049)。术后乳糜漏1例,经保守治疗后治愈。85例随访2～72个月(中位数36. 5月),未见肿瘤复发。结论腹腔镜经腹入路和经腹膜外入路应用于肾下极水平以上原发性腹膜后肿瘤切除术是安全有效的。     

腹腔镜下腰椎前路手术入路的解剖学实验研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下腰椎手术的可行性及腰椎不同节段安全有效的腹腔镜手术入路。方法:解剖30例成人尸体标本(男15例、女15例),记录腰椎前主要毗邻血管的解剖学参数;取家猪40只,均分为两组,采用腹腔镜下经腹膜后入路和经腹膜腔入路显露L2~S1椎体和椎间盘,比较两种入路的有效性、安全性。结果:尸体解剖发现腹主动脉分叉点变异较多,髂总静脉汇合点相对恒定;腹主动脉分叉角度男性平均54.9°,女性平均59.0°,髂总静脉汇合角度男性平均61.4°,女性平均64.9°;腹主动脉分叉点到L5椎体下缘距离男性平均3.5cm,女性平均3.6cm;髂总静脉汇合点到L5椎体下缘距离男性平均2.2cm,女性平均2.4cm;L5/S1椎间隙手术窗大小男性平均3.7cm,女性平均3.4cm。动物实验研究发现经腹腔显露L6/S1满意,而经腹膜后显露L2~L5满意。结论:应用腹腔镜技术进行腰椎手术是可行的,该技术具有重复性好,对组织损伤小,术野内解剖结构清晰,手术的安全性和有效性较高。显露下位腰骶椎以经腹腔入路为宜,而显露上位腰椎以经腹膜后间隙入路为宜。     

经腋窝入路与经胸乳入路腔镜单侧甲状腺叶切除的对比研究

目的:对比分析经腋窝入路与胸乳入路腔镜单侧甲状腺叶切除术的临床效果。方法:回顾分析21例经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺叶切除、25例经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺叶切除患者的临床资料,对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、并发症、切口满意度等指标。结果:经腋窝入路手术时间[(129.0±17.91)min]较胸乳入路[(142.0±22.75)min]短,术后引流量[(61.0±43.84)ml]较胸乳入路[(94.0±59.46)ml]少,术后患者对切口满意度较胸乳入路高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:经腋窝入路在处理单侧甲状腺叶疾病方面优于胸乳入路,美容效果较好,两种入路的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,值得临床推广应用。     

后腹腔入路与经腹入路腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的临床比较

目的:评价后腹腔入路与经腹入路腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗早期肾癌的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析后腹腔入路(17例,A组)与经腹入路(15例,B组)腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗早期肾癌患者的临床资料,A组肿瘤大小1.2～3.9(2.6±1.3)cm,B组肿瘤大小1.0～4.0(2.7±1.3)cm。两组术前临床分期均为T_1N_0M_0。比较两种方法的肿瘤大小、手术时间、术中失血量、热缺血时间、标本重量、恢复进食时间、住院时间及手术效果。结果:A组手术均成功,B组1例因肾动脉损伤出血中转开放手术。两组肿瘤大小(2.6±1.3 cm vs 2.7±1.3cm)、术中失血量(302±85mlvs305±90ml)、标本重量(42±31g vs 45±33 g)、热缺血时间(28±9.1 min vs30±9.2min)等方面无明显差异(P0.05);A组在手术时间(175±55 min vs 248±70 min)、恢复进食时间(24±5 h vs 49±11 h)和住院时间(6.5±1.6天vs 8.4±1.9天)均少于B组(P0.05)。结论:后腹腔入路与经腹入路腹腔镜下肾部分切除术均是治疗早期肾癌的一种微创和安全有效的治疗方法,后腹腔入路在手术时间、恢复进食时间及住院时间上少于经腹入路。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术两种入路的对比研究

目的:比较经腹膜后和经腹腔两种手术入路机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月-2021年1月于甘肃省人民医院行肾部分切除术患者67例的临床资料,根据手术入路不同将患者分为经腹腔组和经腹膜后组。经腹腔入路组患者共26例(男11例,女15例),平均年龄为(53.5±9.7)岁;经腹膜后入路组患者共41例(男20例,女21例),平均年龄为(55.2±12.5)岁。比较两组患者的手术疗效、病理结果和围手术期情况。结果:67例患者的机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术均顺利完成,无中转开腹手术。经腹腔入路和经腹膜后入路组术中出血量、热缺血时间、手术时间、术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而经腹膜后入路组患者的术后肠道功能较经腹腔入路组恢复快(P<0.05)。结论:采用经腹膜后入路在机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中可以取得和经腹腔入路同样的手术效果,而且其在术后肠道功能恢复方面具有优势。     

腋窝双乳晕入路与胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的对比研究

目的:研究经腋窝双乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺良性结节的有效性及安全性。方法:将60例需手术治疗的良性甲状腺结节女性患者随机分为两组,30例经腋窝双乳晕入路行甲状腺切除术(实验组),30例经胸乳入路行甲状腺切除术(对照组),观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后引流时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、美容满意度、并发症等指标。结果:两组手术时间、出血量、术后引流量、术后引流时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组美容满意度[(4.76±0.51)分]高于对照组[(4.11±0.57)分](P<0.05)。结论:经腋窝双乳晕入路与胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术具有相同的有效性与安全性,但经腋窝双乳晕入路具有更好的美容效果。     

经腹腔与经腹膜外入路腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术疗效分析

目的比较经腹腔与经腹膜外入路腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的疗效。方法随机将52例行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的前列腺癌患者分为2组,各26例。对照组经腹腔入路,观察组经腹膜外入路。结果 2组均成功完成腹腔镜手术。观察组手术时间及术后尿管留置时间、胃肠功能恢复时间和住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术中出血量及术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访12个月,2组生化复发率及控尿率差异无统计学意义(P005)。结论经腹腔与经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌,均有满意效果且安全性高。但经腹膜外入路具有手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点。但学习曲线时间较长,对医生的临床经验及腹腔镜手术操作技巧要求较高。     

经腹膜后入路与经腹腔入路腹腔镜手术治疗大体积肾癌的疗效对比观察

目的:探讨经腹膜后入路与经腹腔入路腹腔镜手术治疗大体积肾癌的疗效,从而为疾病的治疗提供科学的理论依据。方法:选择2011年12月至2013年12月收治的100例大体积肾癌患者作为研究对象,并随机分为实验组与对照组,每组50例。其中对照组经腹膜后入路施术,实验组经腹腔入路施术,对比观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果:实验组手术出血量平均(256.5±28.8)ml,术后平均住院(5.7±1.8)d;对照组术中出血量平均(361.4±30.5)ml,平均住院(8.1±1.5)d。实验组治疗总有效率为92%,并发症发生率为2%;对照组治疗总有效率为78%,并发症发生率为10%。实验组治疗效果优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较经腹膜后入路腹腔镜手术,对于大体积肾癌患者经腹腔入路具有更好的治疗效果,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

经腹膜外径路行胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术

目的：探讨因股动脉狭窄无法行腔内隔绝术治疗的胸术动脉夹层动脉瘤病例的腔内微创治疗。方法：回顾性分析1998年9月至2001年12月收治的Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并双侧髂股动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的21列。结果：21例患均采用腹膜外径路显露单侧髂总动脉或腹主动脉下段，行胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术，即时操作成功率100％，结论：对于部分股动脉扭曲狭窄的患，经腹膜外径路行胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术是一条行之有效的治疗方法。     

经腹入路与后腹腔入路腹腔镜超声辅助的肾部分切除术治疗中央型肾癌的临床比较

目的:探讨经腹入路与后腹腔入路行腹腔镜超声辅助肾部分切除术治疗中央型肾癌的手术效果。方法:2012年1月至2015年3月中央型肾癌患者分别经腹入路(经腹组)与经后腹腔入路(后腹腔组)行腹腔镜超声辅助的肾部分切除术,每组15例,分析两组患者的临床资料,评价两种入路的手术时间、肾动脉阻断时间、术中失血量、标本重量、切除肿瘤大小、恢复进食时间、住院时间等指标。结果:两组手术均获成功。两组患者肿瘤大小、术中失血量、标本重量、肾动脉阻断时间等差异无统计学意义(P0.05),后腹腔组腹腔镜手术时间、超声使用时间、恢复进食时间、住院时间均少于腹腔组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:后腹腔入路与经腹入路行腹腔镜超声辅助肾部分切除术治疗中央型肾癌效果均较好,但后腹腔入路在手术时间、腹腔镜超声使用时间、术后康复方面具有优势。     

New approach to the nasopharynx: the maxillary swing approach

A new approach to expose the nasopharynx and the paranasopharyngeal space is described. The maxilla, severed from its bony connections, is swung laterally to provide exposure of the nasopharynx. Tumors in the nasopharynx and the paranasopharyngeal space can be adequately resected and tubings for afterloading brachytherapy can be positioned accurately during surgery. The blood supply of the maxilla is from the attached cheek flap and masseter muscle. Three illustrative cases are presented. The wounds in all of them healed primarily with minimal morbidity. The only disadvantage is the development of mild trismus, which responded to conservative treatment.     

经腋乳和经胸乳两种途径的腔镜甲状腺手术比较

目的 探讨经腋乳途径和经胸乳途径的腔镜甲状腺手术的方法并比较其优缺点.方法 对2003年12月至2006年1月术前诊断为良性甲状腺疾病的238例患者采用腔镜进行手术.将其随机分为经腋乳途径组123例,经胸乳途径组115例.结果 两组手术均获成功.经腋乳途径组与经胸乳途径组手术时间为(69±29)min与(70±25)min(P＞0.05),术中出血量为(38±11)ml与(40±13)ml(P＞0.05),术后住院天数为(4±1.3)d与(4.5±1.2)d(P＞0.05),对手术后美容效果的满意度为97.5%(120/123)与85.2%(98/115)(P＜0.05).238例患者均无手术并发症,无一例中转开放手术.颈部引流管术后24～36 h拔除.结论 两种手术方式均具有较好的美容效果,但经腋乳途径美容效果比经胸乳途径更佳.术式需根据患者的要求及手术者的技术条件来选择.     

Modification of the ilioinguinal approach

The classic ilioinguinal approach has become well established in the treatment of acetabular fractures. However, in certain cases with extensive low anterior column or anterior wall fractures less than optimal exposure may be obtained. The authors present a modification of the ilioinguinal approach by combining it with a Smith-Petersen approach with a modified skin incision. This provides improved visualization and access, especially in comminuted low anterior column and anterior wall fractures, may facilitate reduction maneuvers to the quadrilateral surface, and allows the option of intraarticular inspection. In addition, the risk of iatrogenic lateral femoral cutaneous nerve damage is diminished. In this article the technique of this modification is described and illustrated.     

Comparison of the posterior approach versus the dorsal approach in the treatment of congenital vertical talus

The purpose of this study was to compare retrospectively the results of a single-stage dorsal approach versus the posterior approach for the surgical treatment of congenital vertical talus (CVT) at a single institution. Twenty-four patients (33 feet) with CVT were treated surgically between 1960 and 1998. Eighteen patients (25 feet) underwent a posterior release (group 1), and six patients (eight feet) underwent surgery via the dorsal approach (group 2). All patients were evaluated at a minimal follow-up of 3 years. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were evaluated, and a modified version of the clinical score by Adalaar was used. Group 1 had 45 procedures on 25 feet, whereas group 2 had no repeated or revision operations. The clinical score was 6.75 for group 1 and 8.0 for group 2. Tourniquet time was 123 minutes and 87 minutes for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Twelve group 1 patients (48%) had avascular necrosis (AVN) versus none of the group 2 patients. Both groups had similar preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements. Both approaches were able to reduce successfully the talonavicular joint; however, the single-stage dorsal incision group required significantly less operative time, had better clinical scores, and had fewer complications 3 years after surgery.     

The lateral approach compared with the volar approach for exposure of the hook of the hamate

Two cases of delayed union of the hook of the hamate were satisfactorily treated by excisional surgery. The volar surgical approach through the palm is common, but to expose the hook some hypothenar muscles and cardinal ligaments must be divided. Care must be taken to avoid injury of the motor and sensory branches of the ulnar nerve that occur close to the hook. The lateral approach between the abductor digiti minimi muscle and the fifth metacarpal bone is easier and less traumatic. This approach is also safer for the ulnar neurovascular bundle, which is protected by volar retraction and the hypothenar muscles. The lateral approach is advantageous unless the injury is complicated by ulnar nerve palsy or flexor tendon injury.     

高位髂腹股沟入路治疗累及四方区髋臼骨折

 目的 探讨高位髂腹股沟入路治疗累及四方区髋臼骨折术后疗效、影像学结果及围手术期并发症。方法 回顾性分析 2010 年 10 月至 2012 年 11 月,采用高位髂腹股沟入路治疗 22 例累及四方区的髋臼骨折患者资料,男 12 例,女10例;年龄 16~62岁,平均 35.2岁。根据 Letournel-Judet分型：双柱骨折 6例,前柱骨折 12例,前柱伴后半横行骨折 2例,横行骨折 1例,“T”形骨折 1例。术后骨折复位情况根据 Judet位骨盆 X线片,按照 Matta标准进行评价,髋关节功能按照改良 Merle D'Aubigné评分进行评价。结果 22例患者均获得随访,随访时间 9~28个月,平均 13.5个月。根据骨折复位的 Matta标准：解剖复位 15例（68.18%,15/22）,满意复位 5例（22.73%,5/22）,不满意复位 2例（9.09%,2/22）,满意率为 90.91%。末次随访时,Merle D’Aubigné评分为 10~18分,平均 16.7分,其中优 16例,良 4例,差 2例,优良率为 90.91%（20/22）。无一例形成腹股沟疝或腹壁疝,其中 2例患者出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状,1例出现血管损伤,1例出现伤口脂肪液化。结论 高位髂腹股沟入路是一种治疗复杂骨盆髋臼骨折,特别是累及四方区髋臼骨折的一种新入路,可克服经典髂腹股沟入路和改良 Stoppa 入路的缺点,直视四方区和死亡冠,更好地复位和固定骨折。     

A posterolateral approach to the skull base: the petro-occipital transsigmoid approach

This posterolateral approach is directed to the petro-occipital skull base and is a combination of a suboccipital craniotomy, with an inferoposterior petrosectomy. The areas exposed are the jugular foramen, occipital condyle, lower clivus to the midline, petrous apex, tympanic cavity, the vertical portion of the intrapetrous carotid artery below the level of the eustachian tube, cerebellopontine angle, the jugulocarotid space in the upper neck. We evaluated 45 cases as follows: 13 chemodectomas, 14 lower cranial nerve schwannomas, 10 meningiomas, and 8 other lesions. The approach is indicated for extra-, intra-, and transdural lesions of the jugular foramen area. The transdural lesions could be extirpated in a single procedure without cerebrospinal fluid leak. This, in addition to preservation of the facial nerve, middle and inner ear functions, constituted the main advantages of this approach. Lower cranial nerve deficit formed the major morbidity in the present series and is still an unsolved problem in such cases.     

A logical approach to the thoracic inlet: the Dartevelle approach revisited

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, Pancoast tumors have been associated with an extremely poor outlook. Recently, Dartevelle and colleagues have noted a significant survival advantage in patients treated by wide en bloc excision. METHODS: Utilizing an illustrative case example, step by step exposure of the lung apex and first rib is provided with the Dartevelle approach. RESULTS: Safe exposure was provided by this combined transcervical and transthoracic approach. CONCLUSIONS: The Dartevelle approach appears to be the favored approach to anterior lung apex or first rib lesions. The combined efforts of an Otolaryngolist-Head and Neck Surgeon and a Thoracic Surgeon may allow for safe, wide en bloc excision of these otherwise difficult to access lesions.