胃癌癌周淋巴结状态与胃癌的关系分析

目的 探索胃癌病人淋巴结转移个数及率与胃癌病人预后以及病理参数之间的关系。方法 对174例有淋巴结转移的胃癌病人行胃癌根治术加D2或D3淋巴结清扫,分析淋巴结转移阳性个数、率、部位与预后及病理参数之间的关系。结果 胃癌根治术后（D2、D3）5年生存率为29．59％（50例）。阳性淋巴结个数为1－5个5年生存率为46．47％（33例） ,大于5个的17．35％（17例）（P＜0．005）;阳性淋巴结率在1％－20％的5年生存率为70．58％,20％以上5年生存率为11．86％。5年生存率随着阳性淋巴结个数、率增多而呈下降趋势。随着肿瘤浸润加深,淋巴结转移个数、率增高（P＜0．005）。结论 胃癌转移淋巴结状态与胃癌病人预后有相关性,胃癌转移淋巴结个数、转移率可作为简单、 有效的预后指标。     

胃癌癌周淋巴结转移状况与胃癌预后关系

目的：探索胃癌病人淋巴结转移率及个数与胃癌病人预后以及病理参数之间的关系。方法：对174例有淋巴结转移的胃癌病人行胃癌根治术加D2或D3淋巴结清扫,分析淋巴结转移阳性率,个数,部位与预后及病理参数之间的关系。结果：胃癌根治术后（D2,D3）5年生存率为29．6％（50例）。阳性淋巴结率在1％－20％的5年生存率为70．6％,20％以上5年生存率为12．0％,阳性淋巴结个数为1－55年生存率为46－6％（33例）,大于5个为17．4％（17例）（P＜0．005）。5年生存率随着阳性淋巴结率及个数增多而呈下降趋势。随着肿瘤浸润加深,淋巴转移率及个数增高（P＜0．005）。结论：胃癌阳性淋巴结率及个数与胃癌病人预后有相关性,胃癌阳性淋巴结率,个数可作为简单,有效的预后指标。     

胃癌淋巴结转移个数与胃癌预后的关系

目的:探讨胃癌患者胃周淋巴结转移个数与预后以及有关临床资料之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析261例获术后随访的胃癌,分析胃周淋巴结转移阳性的个数与预后以及病理参数之间的关系。结果:全组5年生存率39.1％;阳性淋巴结个数为0.1～5、>5个时5年生存率为73.8％、37.7％、15.6％(P<0.0001),5年生存率随着转移淋巴结的个数增多而呈下降趋势。转移淋巴结的个数亦与肿瘤的大小、组织学类型、浸润的深度有明显有相关关系。结论:胃癌转移淋巴结个数与术后预后有相关关系,其可作为胃癌术后预后的简单、有效的指标。但不适用姑息性胃癌切除者。     

胃周阳性淋巴结数目是胃癌的一个预后指标

目的：研究胃周阳性淋巴结数目在胃癌预后中的意义。方法：将１２４例经组织学证实为淋巴结阳性者作为研究对象,分析胃周转移淋巴结数目与临床病理特征及生存率的关系。结果：１２４例胃周淋巴结阳性胃癌患者总的５年生存率为４８．３％,胃周阳性淋巴结超过６个的患者５年生存率明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。与胃周阳性淋巴结≥７个的胃癌相比,阳性淋巴结数≤６个的胃癌常小于４ＣＣ（Ｐ＜０．００５）,多呈大体局限型（Ｐ＜０．０２５）,未侵及浆膜（Ｐ＜０．０１）,巨淋巴结转移多局限于胃周淋巴结（Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论：胃周阳性淋巴结数目与肿瘤进展和生存率相关,是淋巴结阳性胃癌的一个简便有用的预后指标。     

p53基因和C—erbB—2基因在胃癌中的表达

为探讨ｐ５３基因和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因与胃癌组织分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移、腹膜种植及预后关系，应用免疫组化方法检测了胃癌组织中的ｐ５３基因和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２的表达情况，结果发现ｐ５３阳性染色率为２４／７２（３３．３％），Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性染色率２０／１０６（１８．９％）。ｐ５３阳性染色与胃癌淋巴结转移、胃癌组织分型及Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因表达呈高度相关。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性染色与胃癌腹膜种植、肝转移以及肿瘤组织分型呈正相关。ｐ５３阴性表达５年生存率（４８．９％）显著高于阳性表达（１７．６％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阴性表达５年生存率（３８．６％）高于阳性表达（２１．７％），但无统计学差异。单因素和多因素分析显示ｐ５３表达是一个独立的预后因素。单因素分析Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达对预后无影响。     

胃癌淋巴结微转移的临床意义

目的 探讨淋巴结微转移与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,用细胞角蛋白单抗ＭＮＦ．１１６检测淋巴结微转移。结果 ６０例患者淋巴结微转移的阳性率为５８．３％,微转移与肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴管侵犯密切相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。临床病理分期Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者微转移的阳性率明显高于Ⅰ期（Ｐ〈０．０５）。在Ⅰ期,阳性组的５年生存率明显低于阴性组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。多变量分析表明淋巴结微转移是独立的预后     

结肠癌淋巴结转移状况对结肠癌根治术D3式淋巴结清除预后的影响

目的探索结肠癌淋巴结转移情况与术后生存率以及病理参数之间的关系,寻找评价预后的简单有效指标。方法回顾性分析了174例淋巴结转移的中晚期结肠癌住院资料和随访结果,调查了根治术D3式淋巴结清除术的阳性淋巴结率以及淋巴结转移阳性个数,以及术后生存率和病理参数特点。结果结肠癌根治术 D3式淋巴结清除术后总体5年生存率为35.6%(62/174)。阳性淋巴结率在1%~20%的5年生存率70.7%(29/41),大于20%的5年生存率为23.3%(31/133),两者之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。全组淋巴结转移阳性个数为(6.3±2.5)个,1~5个阳性淋巴结的5年生存率为66.0%(31/47),6~10个阳性淋巴结的5年生存率为28.8%(19/66),大于10个阳性淋巴结的5年生存率为19.7%(12/61),3组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。阳性淋巴结率以及淋巴结转移阳性个数与肿瘤部位无关。和瘤体直径介于0~4.0cm相比较,>4.0cm肿瘤的阳性淋巴结率以及淋巴结转移阳性个数明显增加(P<0.05)。和局限于黏膜的肿瘤相比,浸润肌层或穿透浆膜后,阳性淋巴结率以及淋巴结转移阳性个数明显增加(P<0.05),而肿瘤浸润肌层和穿透浆膜之间不存在差异。结论准确计算阳性淋巴结率及淋巴结转移阳性个数,结合肿瘤浸润深度来评定结肠癌病人的预后是一种简单有效的方法。     

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目的 分析进展期胃癌胃周淋巴结转移及淋巴结清除与病人预后的关系。方法 对1982－1992年间收治并行手术治疗的进展期胃癌299例进行统计分析。结果 肿瘤进展与淋巴结转移的程度显著相关（P＜0.05）。淋巴结转移有无、淋巴结清扫与术后生存直接相关，对于侵及浆膜下或侵出浆膜并伴有远处淋巴结转移的病例，淋巴结清扫仍能提高术后生存率（P＜0.05）。结论 严格的淋巴结清扫可以提高胃癌病人术后生存率。     

mdm—2扩增与胃癌及淋巴转移的关系

目的 探索ｍｄｍ－２扩增与胃癌及其淋巴转移的关系。方法 用ＤＣ－ＰＣＲ技术定量分析３２例胃癌及转移灶中ｍｄｍ－２扩增。结果 ｍｄｍ－２在转移淋巴结中的扩增频率（５７．１％）高于胃原发癌中的扩增频率（３７．５％），３例淋巴管内有瘤栓、淋巴结转移阴性的原发癌灶中发现ｍｄｍ－２扩增。结论 ｍｄｍ－２扩增与胃癌的淋巴转移关系较密切，它可能成为监测胃癌淋巴转移的潜在性分子标志物。     

早期胃癌临床病理特征及手术范围的探讨

作者回顾性地分析了１２６例早期胃癌（ＥＧＣ）患者的临床病理特征。结果：癌肿浸润至胃粘膜内或粘膜下层者的淋巴结率分别为３．１％（２／６５）和１６．４％（１０／６１）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；２６例微小胃癌或小胃癌无一例发生淋巴系转移，余１００例的ＥＧＣ的淋巴系转移率高达１９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。无淋巴系转移者５年自下而上率为９７．２％，明显高于有淋巴系转移者７９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。作者认为Ｄ２术应为根治ＥＧＣ     

Effect of gastric bypass on gastric secretion.

Gastric bypass as a 90 per cent gastric exclusion operation was used in 393 patients with massive obesity to limit food intake. Stomal ulcer has occurred in 1.8 per cent of such patients or one ulcer per 140 man years of observation. The studies of indwelling fundic pH and of gastric acid secretion from the excluded stomach indicate that acid secretion is reduced after gastric bypass but that the acid, unbuffered by food in the excluded stomach, results in a lowered gastrin secretion after a meal. Thus, gastric bypass in inhibitory to acid secretion in most morbidly obese patients who do not have known acid peptic disease.     

Risk of gastric cancer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of gastric cancer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). DESIGN: Rats randomly underwent 1 of the following: RYGB, duodenojejunal bypass (DJB), or a sham operation. Postoperatively, rats underwent a protocol of cancer induction by means of both continuous (200 ppm in tap water for 16 weeks) and intermittent (50-mg/kg intraesophageal injection, once a week, for 12 weeks) administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. SETTING: Institut de Recherche Contre les Canceurs de l'Appareil Digestif-European Institute of Telesurgery. STUDY ANIMALS: Fifty-five Fischer 344 rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seventeen weeks after the operation, we performed a pathologic examination of the whole stomach in all animals to assess for the presence of cancer and/or premalignant lesions. Bilirubin concentration, gastric bacterial flora, and any other pathologic findings were also recorded. RESULTS: In rats in the sham and DJB groups, the incidence of gastric cancer was 85% and 75%, respectively (P = .63), whereas only 23% of rats in the RYGB group developed gastric cancer (4-fold reduction; P = .002). The remnant stomach of rats in the RYGB group also showed a lower bilirubin concentration (P < .01) and a lower bacterial count (P < .05) compared with both the DJB and sham groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that RYGB reduces the risk of gastric cancer in an experimental model of dietary-induced carcinogenesis. Lack of direct contact with carcinogens, lower bile reflux, and a lower bacteria concentration in the gastric content may be responsible for these observations. These data suggest that RYGB may be a safe option for the treatment of morbid obesity even in areas with high gastric cancer incidence.     

Laparoscopic gastric resection for gastric leiomyoma

Less than 2% of gastric neoplasms that are resected surgically are of smooth-muscle origin. Gastric leiomyomas are not encapsulated, and the distinction of benign from malignant leiomyoma may be difficult. Some of these tumors manifest malignant behavior. The histological basis for the diagnosis of benign or malignant smooth-muscle tumor is not entirely satisfactory, and misclassification occurs in some cases. The aggressiveness of those tumors reported as malignant is usually low, and the term malignant leiomyoma is usually used rather than the more ominous leiomyosarcoma. A case is presented of a patient with a 4.5-cm leiomyoma of the gastric antrum resected by the laparoscopic approach. Four laparoscopy trocars were used and multiple applications of the Endo-GIA were needed. Satisfactory margins of resection were obtained. The patient made an excellent recovery with minimal pain. She promptly returned to work and full physical activity.     

Effect of gastric mucosal denervation on gastric carcinogenesis]

Numerous nerve fibers containing various neuropeptides are found in gastric mucosa. They play an important role not only in regulation of gastric secretion, motility and microcirculation but also in regeneration and differentiation of gastric mucosa. These nerve fibers are reduced in chronic atrophic gastritis which is considered a lesion closely related to carcinogenesis. We investigated the effect of gastric gastric mucosal denervation (vagotomy) on gastric carcinogenesis by using two experimental rat models in which chronic atrophic gastritis is induced by duodenogastric reflux. At first, following administration of MNNG, vagotomy with duodenogastric reflux enhanced gastric carcinogenesis compared to reflux only. At second, in the model of gastric remnant in which no carcinogenic agent was given, both B-I and B-II gastrectomy with vagotomy showed an increase of carcinoma and/or adenoma at the anastomotic site compared to those without vagotomy. Moreover, in vagotomized groups, there were an increase of labeling index of PCNA positive cells in gastric mucosa and a marked reduction of intramucosal neutral mucin in PAS-Alcian blue staining. These results indicate that the lack of gastric mucosal innervation not only induces the decrease of gastric mucosal cell function and cytoprotection but also enhances the increase of immature cell regeneration.     

Proximal gastric exclusion for unresectable gastric cancer

Background: Patients with unresectable distal gastric cancer causing obstruction have classically undergone palliative gastrojejunostomy, but high mortality rates and delayed return of gastric emptying have been reported. The aim of the present study was to compare gastrojejunostomy and proximal gastric exclusion in patients with unresectable distal gastric cancer. Methods: Until 1996, patients with unresectable obstructing distal gastric cancer underwent antecolic gastrojejunostomy, but since 1997 we have performed proximal gastric exclusion for these patients. Mortality, morbidity, time taken to resume oral fluids and normal diet, length of palliation and survival were compared. Results: There was no mortality in either the gastrojejunostomy group (n = 4) or the exclusion group (n = 6). A single patient in the gastrojejunostomy group developed a sacral sore and another patient had recurrent vomiting following gastrojejunostomy. Exclusion resulted in a quicker return to diet and a slightly longer survival, although these were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Proximal gastric exclusion offers a safe, quick and life‐enduring palliation for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction.