Long-term clinical outcomes of 420 consecutive prostate cancer patients in a single institute

This study was undertaken to reveal the trends of prostate cancer and the outcome of treatment modalities for each disease stage in patients in a single institute over a 10-year period. From January 1994 through December 2003, 420 consecutive patients with previously untreated and histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analyzed for annual distributions of disease stages and treatment modalities and for long-term clinical progression-free survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure-free survival rates for each stage and treatment modality. Annual trends showed that the number of patients, especially those with clinically localized cancer, increased dramatically. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates for patients with clinically localized disease were 100 percent for all treatment modalities, including hormonal therapy alone. Patients with PSA levels less than 10 ng/ml showed an 81 percent 5-year PSA failure-free survival rate with radical prostatectomy. Stage C patients treated by surgery or radiation-based therapy with concomitant hormonal therapy obtained 93 percent and 100 percent cause-specific survival rates, respectively, and those treated by hormonal therapy alone showed a 79 percent rate. The number of patients with localized prostate cancer was increasing in this decade. While long-term hormonal therapy alone was highly efficient in controlling localized prostate cancer, radical therapies in conjunction with neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy produced better survival rates in cases of locally advanced disease.     

Analysis of results related to the percent free prostate specific antigen among men without prostate diseases in Xi'an area

Objective: To measure the percent of free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) among men without prostate diseases in Xi'an area, and to study the relationship of percent fPSA with age and pathological grade, clinical stage of prostate cancer (PCa) with percent fPSA, and to analyze the difference between the data in China and theoverseas data to determine appropriate reference range for Chinese male. Methods: A total of 713 participants were enrolled into the study, with PSA, fPSA in serum measured and the percent fPSA calculated. Out of 713 cases, 679 without prostate diseases were divided into 5 groups by age, and then the relationships of PSA, fPSA and percent fPSA with age were studied, respectively. The relationship of pathological grade and clinical stage with percent fPSA of the 34 participants with PCa was also studied. With the help of the related data of men without prostate disease, the appropriate reference range for Chinese male was established. Results: The increases in PSA or fPSA were correlated with age, while there was no significant correlation between age and percent fPSA. The percent fPSA was also correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa. The percent fPSA of men without prostate disease in Xi'an area was significantly lower than that in the related overseas data. The reference range of percent fPSA for Chinese male was≥15%. Conclusion: Percent fPSA might be more useful than PSA in the detection of prostate cancer. As the percent fPSA is decreased, the pathological grade is decreased, and the clinical stage is increased, the malignant degree is increased. The reference range of≥15% is more appropriate for Chinese male.     

MRI/TRUS data fusion for prostate brachytherapy. Preliminary results

Prostate brachytherapy involves implanting radioactive seeds (I125 for instance) permanently in the gland for the treatment of localized prostate cancers, e.g., cT1c-T2a N0 M0 with good prognostic factors. Treatment planning and seed implanting are most often based on the intensive use of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging. This is not easy because prostate visualization is difficult in this imaging modality particularly as regards the apex of the gland and from an intra- and interobserver variability standpoint. Radioactive seeds are implanted inside open interventional MR machines in some centers. Since MRI was shown to be sensitive and specific for prostate imaging whilst open MR is prohibitive for most centers and makes surgical procedures very complex, this work suggests bringing the MR virtually in the operating room with MRI/TRUS data fusion. This involves providing the physician with bi-modality images (TRUS plus MRI) intended to improve treatment planning from the data registration stage. The paper describes the method developed and implemented in the PROCUR system. Results are reported for a phantom and first series of patients. Phantom experiments helped characterize the accuracy of the process. Patient experiments have shown that using MRI data linked with TRUS data improves TRUS image segmentation especially regarding the apex and base of the prostate. This may significantly modify prostate volume definition and have an impact on treatment planning.     

Assessment of the need for DCE MRI in the detection of dominant lesions in the whole gland: Correlation between histology and MRI of prostate cancer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) in the detection of dominant prostate tumors with multi‐parametric MRI of the whole gland. Combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DCE MRI from 16 patients with biopsy‐proven prostate cancer and no previous treatment were acquired with a 3.0‐T MRI scanner prior to radical prostatectomy, and used to identify dominant tumors. MRI results were validated by whole‐mount histology. Paired t‐test and Wilcoxon test, logistic generalized linear mixed effect models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used for the estimation of the statistical significance of the results. In the peripheral zone (PZ), the areas under the ROC curve (ROC‐AUC) were 0.98 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 98%) for DTI, 0.96 (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 97%) for DCE and 0.99 (sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 98%) for DTI + DCE. In the entire prostate, the ROC‐AUC values were 0.96 (sensitivity, 84%; specificity, 95%) for DTI, 0.87 (sensitivity, 45%; specificity, 94%) for DCE and 0.96 (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 98%) for DTI + DCE. The increase in ROC‐AUC by the addition of DCE was not statistically significant in either PZ or the entire prostate. The results of this study have shown that DTI identified dominant tumors with high accuracy in both PZ and the entire prostate, whereas the inclusion of DCE MRI had no significant impact on the identification of either PZ or entire prostate dominant lesions. Our results suggest that the inclusion of DCE MRI may not increase the accuracy of dominant lesion detection, allowing for faster, better tolerated imaging studies.     

The Efficacy of Target Biopsy of Suspected Cancer Lesions Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and/or Transrectal Ultrasonography during Initial Prostate Biopsies: Comparison of Outcomes between Two Physicians

Background

The efficacy of adding target prostate biopsy (PBx) of suspected cancer lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) to initial systematic PBx was evaluated. Moreover, the outcomes were compared between 2 physicians.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 238 patients who underwent first-time PBx in our hospital. All patients were examined with prostate MRI before PBx. Fourteen systematic biopsies were obtained in all patients. When a suspected lesion was present on MRI and/or TRUS, the lesion was the target of target PBx.

Results

The overall detection rate of prostate cancer (PCa) was 45% (106/238). With target PBx, the PCa detection rate was 32% overall, while that of suspected lesions seen only on MRI was 32%, that of suspected lesions seen only on TRUS was 8% and that of suspected lesions seen on both MRI and TRUS was 52%. The same tendency was shown for each physician. Comparing systematic PBx and target PBx, the overall rate of Gleason score (GS) upgrading with target PBx was 13%. The rate of PCa detected only by systematic PBx was 95%. There was no significant difference between the 2 physicians.

Conclusion

In initial PBx, the addition of target PBx of suspected cancer lesions detected by MRI and/or TRUS to systematic PBx might not be useful to improve the cancer detection rate. However, it may enable more accurate risk classification and detection of minute cancers with a high GS.     

成人前列腺肉瘤15例临床病理分析

目的 分析和总结成人前列腺肉瘤的临床和病理特征,以提高对前列腺肉瘤的认识和诊断水平.方法 收集15例前列腺肉瘤患者的临床和病理资料,对标本进行病理形态学观察,免疫组织化学采用EnVision法染色.并对治疗和预后进行总结分析.结果 患者发病年龄22～77岁,平均46.3岁;多数以排尿困难就诊,并且直肠指检和影像学可发现占位体积较大;15例前列腺肉瘤中,平滑肌肉瘤6例,胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤6例,纤维肉瘤3例.随访12例,其中7例术后9 ～360 d死亡,尚存5例随访2～24个月,其中3例目前出现肿瘤复发.结论前列腺肉瘤罕见,发病年龄偏早,尿路症状出现较快,血清中前列腺特异性抗原水平正常或偏低,占位效应明显,预后差.最终诊断依靠HE形态和免疫组织化学的表达.     

Clinicocytopathology of breast cancers with a ring-like appearance on ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging

On breast cancer imaging some cancers have an anechoic or high-echoic zone in the tumor on ultrasonography and ring-shaped enhancement on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high intensity in the central area of the tumor on T2-weighted imaging, necessitating their differentiation from benign disease. Thus, nine breast cancers with a ring-like appearance on imaging were analyzed on cytopathology. Histologically the cancer cells of these lesions showing a ring-like appearance were located in the periphery of the tumor, with a central hypocellular zone. Five such lesions with a thick, doughnut-like appearance were identified as cancers with acellular zones (CAC), and four lesions with a thinner, rim-like appearance as matrix-producing carcinomas (MPC). The percentage ratio of the cancer-zone width to the tumor diameter was 26.4 ± 7.8 and 8.0 ± 3.2 (mean ± SD), respectively ( P = 0.003). Cytologically, highly atypical, naked-nucleus cells were observed in eight of the nine cancers. In two MPC and three CAC, cartilage matrix and amorphous material, respectively, were observed in the background. In summary, the present series of breast cancers having a ring appearance on imaging did not have uniform cytopathological features. They were classified as MPC or CAC, and cytology was useful in their diagnosis and differentiation in some cases.     

超声与MRI诊断乳腺癌及不同病理分型影像特点分析

探讨超声与MRI诊断乳腺癌的效果及不同病理分型影像特点。方法:比较分析112例疑似乳腺癌表现患者的超声、MRI及联合检查诊断效果及病理分型情况。结果:超声、MRI及联合诊断对乳腺癌的检出率并无统计学差异（90.36% vs 95.18% vs 98.80%, P>0.05）;联合诊断漏诊率和误诊率均显著低于超声诊断（1.79% vs 13.39%,0.89% vs 6.25%, P<0.05）;联合诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均显著高于超声诊断（97.59% vs 81.93%, 96.55% vs 75.86%, 97.32% vs 80.36%, 98.78% vs 90.67%, 93.33% vs 59.46%, P<0.05）;联合诊断准确率显著高于MRI诊断（97.32% vs 89.29%, P<0.05）;超声与MRI图像特征与病理分型有一定联系,二者与手术病理结果符合率较高。结论:超声与MRI联合诊断乳腺癌能够提高诊断准确率,二者图像特征能够为乳腺癌诊断和病理分型判断提供良好依据。     

Current prostate biopsy protocols cannot reliably identify patients for focal therapy: correlation of low-risk prostate cancer on biopsy with radical prostatectomy findings

Focal therapy appears to be an attractive alternative approach for patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Identifying suitable candidates is crucial to the success of focal therapy. Currently, standard transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy remains the widespread approach to evaluate patient suitability. In this study, we evaluated the ability of current biopsy protocols to predict cancer characteristics in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. We reviewed 4437 cases from 2000 to 2008 in our PowerPath database, and identified 158 patients with low-risk cancer, defined as a pre-biopsy PSA level ≤ 10 ng/mL, unilateral, low tumor volume (≤5%) and low to intermediate Gleason score (GS≤6) on first positive prostate biopsy. The pathological characteristics of subsequent RP specimens were reviewed. We found that, of 158 patients with these criteria, 117 (74%) had bilateral cancer, 49 (31%) had increased tumor volume (≥ 10%), and 46 (29%) were upgraded to GS ≥ 7 at RPs. When patients were stratified by total biopsy core numbers, extended biopsy core protocols were not significantly more reliable in identifying unilateral and low volume prostate cancer patients. One core positive on biopsy was not significantly superior to > 2 positive cores in predicting unilateral, low volume, low stage cancer at prostatectomy. These findings indicate that current standard prostate biopsy protocols have limited accuracy in identifying candidates for focal therapy.     

磁共振与经直肠超声认知融合引导的经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺活检614例单中心临床研究

本研究旨在探索磁共振(MRI)-经直肠超声(TRUS)认知融合引导下的,经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺活检与经直肠前列腺系统穿刺活检对前列腺癌的检出率的差异性。回顾性纳入自2016年-2018年于我院行前列腺多参数MRI检查后行前列腺穿刺活检的患者614例。对于根据PI-RADS V2评分≥3分的患者同时行MRI-TRUS认知融合靶向活检和系统活检,对PI-RADS V2评分≤2分的患者只行系统活检,比较靶向活检和系统活检在前列腺癌检出率方面的差异。结果显示认知融合靶向活检检出肿瘤342例(75.7%),系统活检检出肿瘤358例(79.2%),二者对于前列腺癌的检出率无显著差异(χ^2=1.621,P=0.203)。靶向活检穿刺针数显著低于系统穿刺活检针数,减少了(9.3±0.11)针(P <0.001)。靶向穿刺活检阳性针中肿瘤组织平均占比比系统穿刺活检多10.8%(P <0.001)。研究结果表明MRI-TRUS认知融合引导的靶向穿刺与系统穿刺对于前列腺癌都具有较高的检出率。MRI-TRUS有望减少穿刺针数,并能提供更多肿瘤组织。     

3种影像学技术和血清标志物对乳腺癌诊断的价值

目的：探讨3种非创性影像学技术超声（US）、全视野数字化乳腺X线摄影（MO）、磁共振成像（MR I）和血清CA15-3水平在乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值,以提高对乳腺癌的准确率。方法：回顾分析66例乳腺癌的超声、59例乳腺癌的全视野数字化乳腺X线摄影、30例乳腺癌的磁共振成像的影像学资料和测定58例乳腺癌患者血清CA15-3水平。结果：超声对乳腺癌的阳性诊断符合率为86.4%、全视野数字化X线摄影为93.2%、磁共振成像为96.7%、血清CA15-3为32.7%。超声、全视野数字化X线摄影和磁共振对乳腺癌的诊断符合率较高,CA15-3的诊断符合率较低。结论：超声、全视野数字化X线摄影、磁共振和血清CA15-3各有其特点,超声可作为乳腺癌首选检查方法。     

Prostate needle biopsy examination by means of virtual microscopy

This study aimed at determining whether virtual microscopy improves the accuracy in the pathological examination of prostate needle biopsies regarding maximum tumor length, percentage of positive cores, and Gleason grading.We assessed a series of 816 prostate needle biopsy cores in 68 consecutive patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Biopsy specimens were reviewed using conventional examination. Then, slides were converted to whole slide imaging (Olympus BX51). Tumor was measured, and Gleason score was assigned using the OlyVia software. Optically evaluated pathological features were compared with digital findings to determine whether one of these two methods for the assignment of a preoperative Gleason score is appropriate for predicting the definitive Gleason score of radical prostatectomy.When comparing optical and digital measurements, maximum tumor length in biopsy cores and percent prostate needle biopsy with cancer showed no significant difference. The mean variation in the measurement of tumor length was 2.65 mm per biopsy. Among 240 biopsy cores involved with cancer, the concordance rate for Gleason score assignment was 75.8% (κ = 0.49, good agreement). When considering the higher Gleason score assignment as the score for the entire case (ISUP 2005), the concordance rate was 69.1% (κ = 0.46, good agreement). When comparing the biopsy scores with the definitive score of radical prostatectomy, the concordance rate was significantly increased from 54.4% for conventional examination (κ = 0.23, marginal agreement) to 66.2% for virtual slide examination (κ = 0.42, good agreement).Virtual microscopy does not compromise, but might improve, the accuracy of grading in prostate needle biopsies. This requires further assessment.     

Comparison of pelvic phased-array versus endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla for local staging of prostate cancer

Purpose

Several studies have demonstrated the superiority of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over pelvic phased-array coil MRI at 1.5 Tesla for local staging of prostate cancer. However, few have studied which evaluation is more accurate at 3 Tesla MRI. In this study, we compared the accuracy of local staging of prostate cancer using pelvic phased-array coil or endorectal coil MRI at 3 Tesla.

Materials and Methods

Between January 2005 and May 2010, 151 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. All patients were evaluated with either pelvic phased-array coil or endorectal coil prostate MRI prior to surgery (63 endorectal coils and 88 pelvic phased-array coils). Tumor stage based on MRI was compared with pathologic stage. We calculated the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of each group in the evaluation of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion.

Results

Both endorectal coil and pelvic phased-array coil MRI achieved high specificity, low sensitivity and moderate accuracy for the detection of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion. There were statistically no differences in specificity, sensitivity and accuracy between the two groups.

Conclusion

Overall staging accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different between endorectal coil and pelvic phased-array coil MRI.     

Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelial cells, and its serum concentration is increased in men with prostatic disease, including cancer. We evaluated its usefulness in the detection and staging of prostate cancer. METHODS. We measured serum PSA concentrations in 1653 healthy men 50 or more years old. Those with PSA values greater than or equal to 4.0 micrograms per liter then underwent rectal examination and prostatic ultrasonography. Ultrasound-directed prostatic needle biopsies were performed in the men with abnormal findings on rectal examination, ultrasonography, or both. The results were compared with those in 300 consecutively studied men 50 or more years old who underwent ultrasound-directed biopsy because of symptoms or abnormal findings on rectal examination. RESULTS. Serum PSA levels ranged from 4.0 to 9.9 micrograms per liter in 6.5 percent of the 1653 men (107). Nineteen of the 85 men in this group (22 percent) who had prostatic biopsies had prostate cancer. Serum PSA levels were 10.0 micrograms per liter or higher in 1.8 percent of the 1653 men (30). Eighteen of the 27 men in this group (67 percent) who had prostatic biopsies had cancer. If rectal examination alone had been used to screen the men who had biopsies, 12 of the 37 cancers (32 percent) would have been missed. If ultrasonography alone had been used to screen these men, 16 of the 37 cancers (43 percent) would have been missed. Serum PSA measurement had the lowest error rate of the tests, and PSA measurement plus rectal examination had the lowest error rate of the two-test combinations. CONCLUSIONS. The combination of measurement of the serum PSA concentration and rectal examination, with ultrasonography performed in patients with abnormal findings, provides a better method of detecting prostate cancer than rectal examination alone.     

MRI-targeted prostate biopsy: key considerations for pathologists

We discuss the role of the pathologist for MRI-targeted prostate biopsy with a focus on specimen processing, reporting of pathological findings and quality assurance in establishing a successful MRI-targeted biopsy programme. The authors discuss the current issues relevant to pathologists regarding MRI-targeted prostate biopsy. In addition, a brief review of the recently published literature was performed using an English literature search on PubMed with a focus on original investigations related to MRI-targeted prostate biopsy. Our search terms included the following: ‘prostate cancer’, ‘pathology’, ‘histology’, ‘reporting’, ‘cores’, ‘imaging’, ‘MRI’ and ‘mpMRI’. Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and MRI-targeted biopsy has been shown to improve the diagnosis of clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma and can affect the management of patients with prostate cancer. The current active surveillance guidelines were based on data from TRUS biopsies and not MRI-targeted biopsies. MRI-targeted biopsy acquires multiple cores of tissue from one or more suspicious lesions found on mp-MRI. The way in which multiple targeted core biopsies obtained from a single image-directed region of interest are analysed and reported can potentially alter the Gleason score and tumour burden as reported on biopsy, which could undoubtedly alter patient management. Pathologists play an important role in the reporting of MRI-targeted prostate biopsies. How we report prostate cancer grade and extent on these biopsies can influence patient management. In addition, the pathologist should be involved in the quality assurance for patients undergoing MRI-targeted prostate biopsy.     

HISTOLOGICAL GRADE HETEROGENEITY IN MULTIFOCAL PROSTATE CANCER. BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

In order to understand the clinical and biological implications of prostate cancer multifocality and heterogeneity, we investigated their occurrence in relation to variables such as tumour volume, local invasion, and biopsy findings. In a series of 61 completely sectioned whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens with clinical stage T2 prostate cancer, we mapped histological grade heterogeneity and tumour multifocality. We also evaluated 55 prostate biopsy cases to assess the accuracy of pre-operative grading. Among all of the prostates, only 28 per cent had a single tumour and in 16 per cent one histological grade of cancer was evident. Extracapsular invasion was not restricted to the largest tumour in each case, but also occurred in tumours of relatively small volume and low histological grade. Variability of histological grade was directly proportional to tumour volume. Both grade heterogeneity and tumour multifocality of the prostatectomy specimen showed no significant relationship to the grade accuracy of biopsies. Biopsy grading error proved greatest among small, well-differentiated tumours. Whole-mount sectioning of prostatectomy specimens in patients with clinically localized adenocarcinoma demonstrates that grade heterogeneity is most closely related to tumour volume; that the largest (index) tumour lesion may not be representative of the pathological stage; and that grading error in prostate needle biopsies can be only partly explained by grade heterogeneity or tumour multifocality.     

Nomograms for the prediction of pathologic stage of clinically localized prostate cancer in Korean men

We analyzed the prostate cancer data of 317 Korean men with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy at Asan Medical Center between June 1990 and November 2003 to construct nomograms predicting the pathologic stage of these tumors, and compared the outcome with preexisting nomograms. Multinomial log-linear regression was performed for the simultaneous prediction of organ-confined disease (OCD), extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score and clinical stage. Nomograms representing percent probabilities were constructed and compared with those presented by Partin et al. by calculating areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Median serum PSA at surgery was 10.8 ng/mL, and median biopsy Gleason score was 7. Overall OCD, ECE, SVI and LNM rates were 59.6%, 20.5%, 11.7% and 8.2%, respectively, and areas under the curves were 0.724, 0.626, 0.662, and 0.794, respectively. Pathologic stage of localized prostate cancer in Korean men may be predicted using the Partin table, with acceptable accuracy for OCD and LNM, but less so for ECE and SVI.     

Ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging features of the prostatic leiomyoma-case report

Background

Leiomyoma of the prostate is a rare benign tumor arising from smooth muscle fibers. Most cases are incidental findings observed during pathological examinations after resection of the prostate. To the best of our knowledge, only few studies have reported the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of such tumors; however, no reports have described the ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) findings of prostatic leiomyomas.

Case presentation

We report MR imaging characteristics and surgical pathologic findings of a case of prostatic leiomyoma treated by robot-assisted transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Typical MR features showed a homogeneous lesion with slightly hypointense signal compared to the skeletal muscle on T2-weighted images, and isointense signal relative to the muscle on T1-weighted images with fat suppression, which collectively demonstrate apparent homogeneous enhancement with a non-enhanced envelope. A slightly hyperintense signal compared to the skeletal muscle was observed on ultra-high b-value DWI, and higher ADC values were observed as compared to the prostate cancer.

Conclusions

Prostatic leiomyoma is a benign tumor. This case indicates that MRI features of prostatic leiomyoma are helpful for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.

     

超声检查对乳头区域乳腺病变的诊断价值

目的评价超声检查在诊断乳头区域乳腺疾病中的价值。方法对159例经超声检查并经临床或病理明确诊断的乳头区域病灶进行回顾性分析,计算其超声诊断符合率,并对其声像图特点包括二维、彩色多普勒、弹性成像特点进行归纳分析。结果所有病例包括乳腺导管扩张症73例;导管内乳头状瘤10例;导管内乳头状增生8例;纤维腺瘤16例;乳腺囊肿29例;软纤维瘤3例;腺病10例;炎性病灶5例;乳头湿疹样癌(Paget病)1例;浸润性导管癌4例。超声检出率100%,诊断符合率94.97%。结论乳头后方乳腺病变声像图有特异性表现,超声检查可作为其首选检查方法。