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目的:建立复方金霉素涂剂中盐酸丁卡因和盐酸金霉素的测定方法。方法:采用双波长分光光度法测定盐酸丁卡因含量,测定波长为309nm,参比波长为355nm;采用分光光度法测定盐酸金霉素含量,测定波长为368nm。结果:盐酸丁卡因在3.12~7.28μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.71%(RSD=0.70%,n=3)。盐酸金霉素在15.60-36.40μg/ml。浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9996),平均回收率为98.37%(RSD=0.90%,n=3)。结论:本法快速,简便,结果准确。 相似文献
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薄层扫描法测定妇康宁片中盐酸水苏碱含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的建立测定妇康宁片中盐酸水苏碱含量的薄层扫描法。方法展开剂为正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-盐酸(8:3:1.5),显色剂为改良碘化铋钾试液,测定波长为525nm,参比波长为700nm,狭缝大小为0.40mm×0.45mm,线性化参数Sx=3。结果盐酸水苏碱点样量在1.292~5.168μg范围内与斑点峰面积积分值线性关系良好(r=0.9991),平均回收率为98.48%,RSD=1.96%(n=6)。结论薄层扫描法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于妇康宁片中盐酸水苏碱的质量控制。 相似文献
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目的:建立HPLC法测定清热通淋合剂中盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法:采用Diamonsil ODS(4.6hm×150nm×5μm)色谱柱,检测波长(2)=346 nm,流动相:妒(磷酸二氢钾)=0.05mol/L(三乙胺调至pH7.5)-乙腈(75:25)。结果:盐酸小檗碱在9.2-46.0mg/L浓度范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9996),平均回收率为98.40%,RDS=1.48%(n=5)。结论:该法操作简便,结果正确,重现性良好,可作为测定清热通淋合剂中盐酸小檗碱含量,以控制该制剂质量。 相似文献
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复方利血平片中盐酸异丙嗪的含量测定及含量均匀度考察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的建立测定复方利血平片中盐酸异丙嗪含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用AgilentTCC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.3%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液-磷酸(60:40:0.02.用三乙胺调pH至3.3)为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为250nm。结果盐酸异丙嗪进样量在0.504~1.176μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率为98.71%,RSD=0.80%(n=9)。结论该法适用于复方利血平片中盐酸异丙嗪的含量测定。 相似文献
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目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定丁氯麻滴眼液中盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸丁卡因、氯霉素三种成分的含量。方法:采用Kromasil C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-三乙胺-冰醋酸(40:60:0.5:0.5),流速1ml·min^-1,检测波长为254nm,柱温为30℃。结果:盐酸麻黄碱进样量在0.51-2.56μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.6%,RSD为1.6%。盐酸丁卡因进样量在0.47—2.34μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为1.9%。氯霉素进样量在0.26-1.13μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9989),平均回收率为97.0%,RSD为1.9%。结论:该法准确,重现性好,效率高,操作简便,是丁氯麻滴眼液质量控制的有效方法。 相似文献
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目的:建立用高效液相色谱法测定复方鼻炎喷雾剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法:采用Hypersil ODS2(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)大连依利特分析仪器有限公司色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸(10:90);流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为207nm。结果:盐酸麻黄碱的进样量在7.1~142.0ng范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9996):平均回收率为101.9%(RSD=2.0%,n=6)。结论:该方法操作简单、准确、重复性好,可用于复方鼻炎喷雾剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定。 相似文献
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目的建立HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍片的含量和有关物质的方法。方法采用依利特Hypersil BDS CN(4.6mm×250mm)色谱柱,甲醇-水(10:90)(含0.003%三乙胺,用0.1mol·L^-1盐酸调节pH=5.4)为流动相,含量测定检测波长232nm,有关物质检测波长215nm。结果盐酸二甲双胍在0.01-0.1mg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.99998);平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为0.84%(n=9)。结论本方法快速、简便、准确,可用于盐酸二甲双胍片的质量控制。 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法测定鼻嗅通喷雾剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定鼻溴通喷雾剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法:以DiamonsilC17(4.6mm×15mm,5μm)为分析柱,甲醇-0.01mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调pH2.5)(4:96,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min^-1,检测波长为210nm,采用外标法定量测定。结果:盐酸麻黄碱进样量在0.148~0.740μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=1.0000)。平均回收率为99.39%;RSD为0.92%,(n=9)。结论:本方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,适用于鼻嗅通喷雾剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量的测定。 相似文献
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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.相似文献
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Petrikovics I McGuinn WD Sylvester D Yuzapavik P Jiang J Way JL Papahadjopoulos D Hong K Yin R Cheng TC DeFrank JJ 《Drug delivery》2000,7(2):83-89
This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine. 相似文献
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《Critical reviews in toxicology》2013,43(5-6):327-369
AbstractThe uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors. 相似文献
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Chang Min Kim Kun Ho Son Sung Hwan Kim Hyun Pyo Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1991,14(4):305-310
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins
from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins. 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on investigational drugs》2013,22(1):79-86
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation. 相似文献
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