高校女性工作者更年期抑郁症状社会因素研究

目的调查高校女性工作者更年期抑郁症状的社会因素。方法随机选取高校更年期女性工作者197名作为研究对象,采用汉密顿抑郁量表、应对方式问卷及社会支持评定量表评定并进行分析。结果197名更年期知识女性抑郁症状的检出率为31.98%。汉密顿抑郁量表总分与应对方式问卷的自责、退避因子分呈显著正相关（r=0.144,0.296,P〈0.05）,与解决问题、求助因子分呈显著负相关（r=-0.192,-0.141,P〈0.05）。研究组的客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度因子分显著低于对照组（t=-4.91～-5.61,P〈0.05）。结论高校更年期女性工作者存在较明显的抑郁症状,与其应对方式以及社会支持等因素有关。     

社区独居老人的抑郁状况与社会支持、应对方式和自我效能的相关性分析

目的:探讨社区独居老人社会支持、应对方式、自我效能与抑郁状况的关系。方法:随机抽取虹口区1个街道(广中街道),分别以老年抑郁量表、领悟社会支持量表、应对方式问卷和自我效能量表调查社区独居老人(n=1 033)的抑郁状况、社会支持、应对方式和自我效能。结果:不同年龄、性别、文化程度及抑郁状况的独居老人社会支持、应对方式与自我效能的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。独居老人的抑郁和自我效能、问题解决应对方式、求助应对方式、朋友支持和其他支持呈负相关,与退避应对方式、自责应对方式和幻想应对方式呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:独居老人的抑郁状况和应对方式及自我效能密切相关。     

失眠症患者心理社会因素分析

目的:探讨失眠症患者的应付方式,心理健康状况和社会支持状况.方法:采用应付方式问卷(CSQ)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持量表(SSS)对失眠症患者和正常对照者各88例进行测评.结果:失眠症组自责、幻想和退避分量表的得分显著高于对照组,求助分量表的得分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);失眠症组SCL-90总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠障碍各因子分与对照组比较,有显著差异(P＜0.01).失眠症组社会支持总分、客观支持和对社会支持的利用度评分显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).失眠症组自责与躯体化症状、焦虑、抑郁等因子及总分呈显著正相关,而求助与焦虑、抑郁、偏执和总分呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).结论:失眠症患者多采用不成熟的应付方式,且有较多的心身症状,应付方式和身心健康有相关性.失眠症患者缺乏社会支持.     

医学生心理资本、应付方式、抑郁现状之间的相互关系

目的 探讨医学生心理资本、应付方式、抑郁的现状及三者间的关系。方法 采用积极心理资本问卷、应付方式问卷和抑郁自评量表对1162名医学生施测,数据分析采用SPSS 26.0,结构方程模型分析采用Mplus8.0。结果 医学生心理资本、应付方式、抑郁总体水平较好;心理资本分别与抑郁及应付方式中的自责、幻想、退避、合理化呈负相关（P<0.001）,心理资本与应付方式中的解决问题、求助呈正相关（P<0.001）;解决问题、求助与抑郁呈负相关（P<0.001）,自责、幻想、退避、合理化与抑郁呈正相关（P<0.001）;应付方式中的解决问题、求助、自责是心理资本与抑郁之间的中介变量,中介效应比例依次为23.0%、5.7%、20.6%。结论 心理资本对抑郁具有显著直接预测作用,解决问题、求助和自责在心理资本对抑郁的影响过程中发挥部分中介作用。改善医学生的心理资本状况,鼓励其采取成熟的应付方式能够降低抑郁水平。     

自杀未遂者出院18个月应对方式与社会支持的病例对照研究

目的探讨自杀未遂者自杀行为发生后18个月时的应对方式与社会支持。方法采用应对方式问卷、社会支持量表对111例自杀未遂者(自杀后18个月)及与其性别、年龄和居住地匹配的111例无自杀行为者进行调查并比较。结果自杀未遂者问题解决、求助、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分明显低于对照组,而退避、自责得分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值为3.12～6.24,P均小于0.05)。73例无精神疾病自杀未遂者问题解决、求助、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分明显低于其匹配的对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值为2.48～5.88,P均小于0.05)。有精神疾病自杀未遂组问题解决、求助得分比无精神疾病组明显低,而退避、自责得分明显高于无精神疾病组,差异均有统计学意义(t值为2.22～5.48,P均小于0.05),两组社会支持方面得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论出院18个月时的自杀未遂者应对方式和社会支持系统依然不良,具有持续性。自杀干预工作应努力提高自杀未遂者的应对能力和支持感受,以减少他们再自杀的可能性。     

应激有关因素与缓解期精神分裂症患者应对方式的相关研究

目的探讨应激有关因素与缓解期精神分裂症患者应对方式的相关性。方法选取142例缓解期精神分裂症患者为研究组,85例正常人为对照组,采用应对方式问卷对研究组和对照组进行评定,对研究组患者单独评定症状自评量表（SCL-90）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）、自动思维问卷（ATQ）及艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）。结果研究组解决问题分低于对照组,自责、回避、合理化分高于对照组,成熟应对方式得分明显低于对照组,不成熟应对方式得分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。研究组中,ATQ与应付方式问卷中除合理化外各因子均有相关性（P〈0.05）,PSSS量表中的家庭外社会支持和社会支持总分与解决问题、求助、成熟应对方式有相关性（P〈0.05）,SCL-90与所有应对方式因子均有相关性（P〈0.05）,EPQ中的内外向与解决问题、自责、求助、成熟应对方式有相关性（P〈0.01）,神经质与除解决问题外各因子均有相关性（P〈0.01）,精神质与除回避外各因子均有相关性（P〈0.05）,掩饰与所有因子均有相关性（P〈0.05）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,与成熟应对相关的因子包括内外向、家庭外支持、家庭内支持、精神质,与不成熟应对相关的有ATQ、掩饰因子,与混合型应对方式相关的有SCL-90总分。结论缓解期精神分裂症患者存在不成熟应对方式,其与应激因素相关。     

心理干预对新入学大学生心理健康状况和应对方式影响的对照研究

目的探讨心理干预对新生心理健康状况和应对方式的影响。方法把10个学院的938名新生随机分为干预组和对照组,心理干预前后采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、应对方式问卷进行评定和对照研究。结果心理干预前后,干预组SCL-90的人际关系敏感、焦虑、强迫、抑郁、敌对等得分较干预前有显著性降低（t=2.25～3.09,P〈0.05）;应对方式问卷的解决问题、求助等积极应对因子分有显著性提高（t=-1.98,-2.35,P〈0.05）,而自责、幻想、退避等消极应对因子分则有显著性降低（t=2.09～2.54,P〈0.05）。对照组仅抑郁因子和幻想因子得分有显著性变化（t=2.52,2.05,P〈0.05）。结论心理干预有助于提高新生的心理健康水平和改善应对方式。     

酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境的关系

目的:探讨酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境的相关性。方法:对58例酒依赖患者(研究组)和60名无嗜酒史的当地市民(对照组)进行应对方式问卷(CSQ)和中文版的家庭环境量表(FES)调查,分析酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境因素的关系。结果:研究组CSQ中退避、幻想和自责因子分显著高于对照组(t=2.41,t=3.22,t=4.15;P0.05或P0.01);FES中亲密度、情感表达、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性评分显著低于对照组,矛盾性和控制性评分显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。研究组FES中亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性评分与CSQ解决问题评分呈正相关,情感表达评分与求助评分呈正相关,娱乐性评分与自责评分呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:酒依赖患者应用不成熟的应对方式,不良家庭环境是其影响因素。     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症患者家属心理状况分析

目的探讨应用奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症患者家属的心理健康状况及应对方式。方法将110例应用奥氮平治疗的精神分裂症患者家属做为研究组,102例应用氟哌啶醇治疗的精神分裂症患者家属做为对照组,共治疗3个月,治疗前后使用症状自评量表、应对方式问卷评定患者家属的心理健康状况。结果经过三个月治疗后,研究组家属的SCL-90除偏执因子外,其余因子得分均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,应对方式问卷中研究组的解决问题、求助两个积极因子显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,自责、退避两个消极因子得分显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论应用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者家属的心理状况和应对方式优于应用传统抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症家属。     

影响出国维和待命士兵应付方式的相关因素

目的 了解参加维和部队士兵在出国前的心理应付方式，探讨应激性心理障碍与应付方式的关系。方法 采用应付方式问卷量表（CSQ），艾森克（EPQ）个性问卷量表和生活事件量表，Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS），对维和待命士兵进行测评，分组进行对照分析。结果 年龄与“自责”、“幻想”因子呈负相关，文化程度与“求助”因子呈负相关，军龄与“解决问题”呈正相关，与“自责”呈负相关；正性事件分值与“求助”、“合理化”因子呈正相关，负性事件分值与“自责”、“退避”呈正相关，生活事件总值与“自责”、“退避”呈正相关。结论 士兵应付方式与年龄、军龄、文化程度、性格具有相关性，焦虑抑郁组应付方式和对照组有较大差异。在士兵中进行应付方式的教育和训练，有益于平战时的心理健康。     

Patients with Epilepsy and Psychosis Treated with Vigabatrin

Eight patients with difficult to control epilepsy and an active or a history of psychosis were treated with vigabatrin, and the results of this clinical intervention are described. In five cases there was no untoward deterioration of the mental state, in three cases a change was reversed by judicious adjustment of both the anticonvulsant and psychotropic medications. Recommendations for the use of new anticonvulsants in patients with comorbid psychopathology and epilepsy are given.     

Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with schizophrenia: association with clinical and demographic factors and with mortality

BACKGROUND: Increased rates of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii have been found in individuals with schizophrenia as compared with control groups, but the correlates of Toxoplasma exposure in schizophrenia have not been defined. METHODS: We measured IgG class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 358 individuals with schizophrenia. We correlated Toxoplasma antibody status with clinical and demographic variables and examined the effect of Toxoplasma seropositivity on mortality in a follow-up period of up to 5 years. RESULTS: Individuals with schizophrenia who had serological evidence of Toxoplasma infection were more likely to be female but did not differ in age, race, total symptom score, or other demographic or clinical characteristics. However, we found that serological evidence of Toxoplasma was associated with a significantly increased risk of dying of natural causes during the follow-up period (Cox proportional hazard ratio of 4.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-17.31, P = .020) adjusted for age, gender, and other clinical and demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Toxoplasma infection may confer an increased risk for mortality from natural causes in schizophrenia. An understanding of the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma infections in individuals with schizophrenia might lead to new approaches to the management of this disorder.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in children with epilepsy and children with diabetes

This paper describes a study to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in two groups of children with chronic illness, one with epilepsy and the other diabetes. A total of 62 children with epilepsy and 91 children with diabetes were recruited from the total population of children aged 8–15 attending the epilepsy and diabetic clinics at a children's hospital over a 12 month period. Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment were assessed with the Harter and Achenbach Questionnaires respectively. The results showed the children with epilepsy were consistently more behaviourally disturbed and had lower self-esteem than children with diabetes. The independent completion of the questionnaires, (the Harter by the child and the Achenbach by the parents) increases the validity of the findings. Long duration of illness was the most consistent illness variable associated with poor behavioural adjustment in the two groups. The cross-sectional design of the study did not make it possible to draw any definite conclusions about the causal or temporal relationship between low self-esteem and behavioural disturbance. Once again, the potential value of prospective studies into the psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness is highlighted.     

Coping with stress by children and adolescents with cancer

Children and adolescents with cancer not only have to cope with everyday stressors and developmental tasks, as do their healthy peers, but also with illness-related stressors. Thus, it can be assumed, that children and adolescents with cancer differ from healthy peers in coping. Stress reactions and adjustment have been investigated in recent studies. In contrast, coping styles have not often been in the focus of research. In this study, the coping of children and adolescents with cancer (n = 60, 8-13 years of age) was compared to the norm, measured by the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SVF-KJ; Hampel et al. 2001). The results indicated that the subjects with cancer used more positive and less negative coping strategies when confronted with school-related or social stressors. The results are discussed with respect to the experience with disease-related stress and the possibility of repressive coping.     

Anxiety associated with hyperlipoproteinemia with and without obesity]

From the literature considered, it appears that the relationship between anxiety and lipoproteinemia is worth being further explored. Taking into account the relative weight of 277 male Belgian-French-speaking and Flemish-speaking subjects (type IV, lipidogram, Fredrickson classification), different levels of anxiety, depression, and modes of anxiety expression, are examined and compared, as a homogeneous sub-sample, to the main larger heterogeneous one. Type IV individuals are hypothesized and indeed observed to be anxious and to show intermediate (in-between) responses to the anxiety questionnaire (Cattell Anxiety Scale). Similarly, relative weights and lipid concentrations exhibit higher values than those observed on the whole sample. Within type IV individuals, psychological self-report scores and relative weight values are highly but negatively related: anxiety and depression are at the lowest by extremely overweighted subjects, and in-between response tendency is at the highest. Extending the conclusions at hand still requires additional comparisons with other lipidic types.