产单核细胞李斯特菌减毒候选菌株分子生物学特性研究

目的为了确定用于减毒的产单核细胞李斯特菌菌株,对初筛入选的血清型为1/2a菌株Lm1、Lm2、Lm3和Lm4的分子生物学特性进行了比较研究。方法利用PCR技术均成功地扩增出4株菌株的hly基因及actA和plcB基因片段。以LD50的测定试验作为菌株毒力指征,对4株菌株的毒力进行了测定。结果4株菌株均为强毒菌株,其中菌株Lm4的毒力最强,用BALB/c小鼠测得的LD50为1.47×104CFU。结论确定以Lm4作为候选菌株。     

用PCR检测六类食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌

目的　调查福建省食品中李斯特氏菌的污染状况。方法　用GB4789 30 - 94单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 (Listeriamonocytogenes简称Lm)的检验方法分离菌株 ,用PCR检测李斯特氏菌的两种致病因子。结果　从福建采集 2 6 5份样品中分离出 17株李斯特氏菌 ,其中 ,2株Lm含有李氏溶血素O (ListerialysinO ,Hly)和内化素基因 (Internalin Inl) ,15株英诺克李斯特氏菌 (Listeria innocua)中 8株含有内化素基因 ,7株两种基因均为阴性。结论　从生鸡肉和生牛肉检出 2株Lm ,表明我省存在李斯特氏菌病的可能性 ,有必要进行深入研究。     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌PCR快速检测方法建立及应用

目的　通过扩增hly基因PCR法建立快速检测单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌 (Lm )方法。 方法 :用PCR法扩增hly基因来检测标准菌株及临床分离的Lm的纯培养物和模拟污染的生猪肉、水和牛奶 ,并应用于实际食品检验工作中进行验证。结果　 34株Lm的PCR结果呈阳性 ,而其它李斯特菌 ,包括英诺克李斯特菌、绵羊李斯特菌、西尔李斯特菌、威儿李斯特菌和格氏李斯特菌以及非李斯特菌均未出现特异性的片段。表明所扩增的hly基因 3’末段 82 7bp的DNA片段对Lm具有较高的特异性。PCR法对Lm纯培养物的检测限达 10 5CFU/ml,对模拟污染生猪肉、水和牛奶的 30℃ 16h改良LEB增菌培养液用PCR法检测 ,结果检测限达 10CFU/ 2 5 g(ml)。进一步研究表明该PCR扩增体系能检测出 6 .5pg的LmDNA ,整个检测过程只需 2 4h。采用该法对扬州市区 16 9份食品样品检测 ,8份样品Lm呈阳性且结果与传统的生化鉴定方法完全一致。结论　扩增hly基因的PCR法对Lm的鉴定具有特异性强、灵敏度高、速度快和易操作等优点 ,可用于食品的Lm的分离     

中国单增李斯特菌的基因组特征研究

目的 分析我国146株单增李斯特菌的基因组特征,了解不同家系和克隆群菌株遗传特征的差异.方法 从NCBI数据库收集我国146株不同来源、省份和分离时间的单增李斯特菌基因组数据,利用生物信息学分析软件分别对其进行基因组注释、系统发育树构建和遗传元件分析.结果 本研究中相同家系、血清型和克隆群的单增李斯特菌在系统发育进化树...     

4b型单核细胞增生李斯特菌内化素基因NTSN_0462的功能初探

目的单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)对宿主的粘附、侵袭作用与其多种内化素蛋白密切相关。本研究以4b型菌株LmNTSN的內化素基因NTSN_0462为研究对象,初步探究其致病作用。方法利用同源重组技术构建该基因缺失的突变株,研究0462基因对NTSN在生长、细胞侵袭和体内定植中的作用。人结肠腺癌细胞Caco-2、人肝癌细胞HepG2的侵袭率,以及BALB/c小鼠体内肝、脾脏中定植能力的差异。结果缺失株的生长曲线结果显示,NTSN_0462基因对Lm在BHI培养基中的生长及代谢未造成明显影响。以人结肠腺癌细胞Caco-2、人肝癌细胞HepG2进行的体外试验表明,缺失株的侵袭能力低于野生株(P0.001)。以BALB/c小鼠进行的体内试验显示,缺失株在肝脏中定殖的能力显著低于野生株(P0.001),在脾脏中无统计学差异。结论 NTSN_0462基因在LmNTSN入侵肝脏和定植中发挥重要作用,是侵袭相关的重要毒力因子。     

3例单增李斯特菌感染的病原学、临床及流行病学特征分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析四川省自贡市2014年3例单增李斯特菌感染的临床特征及其病原学特征。方法搜集临床病例信息;采用血清分型,脉冲场凝胶电泳技术和多位点序列分型方法对单增李斯特菌进行分子分型。结果 3例患者均为免疫力低下人群,有发热和败血症症状;3株单增李斯特菌中2株为1/2a血清型、ST8型,1株为1/2b血清型、ST778型,3株PFGE带型均不同。结论免疫力低下人群易受单增李斯特菌侵袭性感染。通过与国内外食品及病人单增李斯特菌相关流行学资料比较,提示国外流行克隆群以及国内某些流行型菌株可引起国内李斯特菌病散发,甚至成为将来暴发的隐患。     

1例产后哺乳期腹泻患者分离单增李斯特菌的生物学特征分析

目的 分析1例单增李斯特菌所致产后哺乳期腹泻患者的临床特征、病原学、菌株的毒力基因携带及分子特征。方法 搜集病例的临床相关信息;采用选择性增菌和显色培养基分离单增李斯特菌,用VITEK- 2 COMPACT30 全自动细菌分析仪鉴定分离菌株,采用单增李斯特菌诊断血清对分离株进行血清分型,使用脉冲场凝胶电泳技术及多位点序列分型技术进行分子分型,应用PCR检测毒力基因,并用E-test方法检测分离菌株对5种抗生素的药物敏感性。结果 产后哺乳期患者食用甜瓜和冰箱冷藏的酸奶后引起不能自限的腹泻,检测结果证实病原为4b血清型、ST145序列型单增李斯特菌。分离菌株携带毒力基因plcB、act、hly、iap、prfA、inlA,对青霉素、氨苄西林、美罗培南、红霉素和复方磺胺均敏感。结论 单增李斯特菌引起的腹泻患者容易漏诊,加强孕妇等高危人群腹泻患者粪便标本中单增李斯特菌的检测,对于单增李斯特菌病病人的及时治疗,预防不良预后具有重要的公共卫生意义,尤其对这一特殊型别单增李斯特菌在我国引起的病例感染应引起重视,其可能的感染来源和致病风险值得进一步的研究。     

3例单增李斯特菌感染的病原学、临床及流行病学特征分析

目的 分析四川省自贡市2014年3例单增李斯特菌感染的临床特征及其病原学特征。方法 搜集临床病例信息;采用血清分型,脉冲场凝胶电泳技术和多位点序列分型方法对单增李斯特菌进行分子分型。结果 3例患者均为免疫力低下人群,有发热和败血症症状;3株单增李斯特菌中2株为1/2a血清型、ST8型,1株为1/2b血清型、ST778型,3株PFGE带型均不同。结论 免疫力低下人群易受单增李斯特菌侵袭性感染。通过与国内外食品及病人单增李斯特菌相关流行学资料比较,提示国外流行克隆群以及国内某些流行型菌株可引起国内李斯特菌病散发,甚至成为将来暴发的隐患。     

合肥市市售猪肉产单核细胞李斯特菌分离及hly基因序列分析

目的了解市售猪肉中产单核细胞李斯特菌(Lm)的污染状况及Lm分离菌株hly基因部分序列的分析比较。方法菌株分离鉴定应用多聚酶链反应(PCR);PCR产物直接测序,对780bp片段作序列分析。结果市售猪肉产单核细胞李斯特菌的污染率为1.17%(2/170);分离菌株WLD1和FCY1与国内外14个参考菌株的同源性分别为96.4～98.6%和95.0%～97.2%,而两者之间的同源性仅为95.9%。结论合肥市市售猪肉中有一定程度产单核细胞李斯特菌的污染,且存在李斯特菌病的可能性和食物中毒的潜在危险;分离菌株WLD1和FCY1,尤其是FCY1分化程度较高,Lmhly基因核苷酸序列差异的距离与地理分布、菌株的样品来源无一定的相关性。     

鉴定单增李斯特菌4b血清型亚型的多重PCR方法的建立

目的利用多重PCR（multiplex PCR）技术,建立针对单增李斯特菌4b血清型亚型（ECI、ECII、ECIV,non-EC）的鉴定方法。方法以LMOf2365—2798、LMOh7858—0487、0RF2110和gtcA作为靶基因设计引物,建立同时鉴别ECI、ECII、ECIV、non-EC的多重PCR反应体系,并对16株4b血清型单增李斯特菌进行亚型鉴定。结果16株4b血清型单增李斯特菌可用本方法进行分型：其中ECI亚型11株,ECII亚型1株,ECIV亚型2株,非流行克隆群（non—EC）2株。结论本方法能准确鉴定单增李斯特菌4b血清型菌株的4个亚型,可用于食品、临床标本的病原学诊断和疫情暴发的溯源调查。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.