Age-related dynamics of aortic atherosclerosis of various ethnic groups of the male population of Andizhan]

Quantitative study of the aortic atherosclerosis was performed in 587 males of the indigenous (IP) and in 149 males of non-indigenous population (NIP) at the age of 20 to 59 years in the city of Andizhan according to the WHO program. The course of atherosclerosis was more severe in NIP persons although at the age of up to 40 years the differences in the mean surface of atherosclerotic changes were lacking. The surface of lipid spots was similar in both groups or was somewhat lower in NIP, but these spots in NIP persons were thicker and contained more foam cells and more areas of diffuse lipid deposition. The rate of the surface increase of prominent lesions drastically increased in the 5th decade of life in both groups. The frequency of rhythmical structures in the aorta was the same in both groups; their incidence was higher in cases of pronounced atherosclerosis.     

A 40-year study of aortic and coronary artery atherosclerosis in male population of Yakutsk

The trends in development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in healthy male population were studied by WHO methods in three trials: in 1963-1965, 1985-1987, 2001-2003. It was found that atherosclerosis and coronary arteries stenosis were less frequent in the native population of Yakutia than in migrants.     

Immunoglobulin haplotypes of two population groups in Iran

Genetic markers of IgG and IgA were investigated in two population groups from Iran. The Gm-Am haplotypes found were mainly those prevalent in Caucasians, with a low frequency of Asiatic haplotypes. Twenty samples had phenotypes that led to the assumption of rare haplotypes. The main ones were: Gm(z;n;b)a2m(1) and Gm(za;n;g)A2m(2). The first haplotype differs from the common haplotypes because G1m(z) is present instead of G1m(f), and the second because it has G2m(n) and A2m(2) in combination with G1m(za) and G3m(g).     

Frequency of twinning in two Costa Rican ethnic groups: An update

Variation in the frequency of twinning among human populations has been presumed to reflect genetic differences. It has been commonly reported that populations of African ancestry have the highest, those of Asian ancestry the lowest, and those of European and Middle‐Eastern ancestry intermediate frequencies of twinning. Populations from the Americas have been reported to have intermediate twinning frequencies, presumably reflecting their admixture. In this context, Madrigal (1994. Am J Hum Biol 6:215–218) reported virtually identical (and high) twinning frequencies in two Costa Rican ethnic groups, one of African, the other of Euro‐Amerindian ancestry. These frequencies were interpreted in light of frequent inter‐ethnic unions, and it was predicted that the two groups would not differ substantially in gene frequencies of several blood enzyme systems. This paper reports the gene frequencies of both groups for such systems. The samples differ significantly for systems that have clearly different frequencies in African and European populations. Given that the groups are actually different in gene frequencies and not homogenous as predicted earlier, the conclusion that twinning frequencies are similar as a result of a similar genetic make up can be questioned. The results challenge the assumption that if populations have similar twinning frequencies it is because they are genetically similar and argue for a stronger environmental component for twinning frequencies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:220–226, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Genetic affinity of two south Indian ethnic groups with other populations

Humans appear to have spread to several parts of the Indian subcontinent by the middle Paleolithic period. It also provided a major passage for the distribution of modern humans. For the first time generic human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DRB1) genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) (low-resolution) technique in two endogamous groups (Hindu-Brahmins and Sunni-Muslims) from the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in order to decipher the genetic affinity between them and with other populations. Calculation of genetic distances, construction of neighbour-joining dendograms and principal-component (P-C) maps were executed using HLA allelic frequencies. The present study reveals the genetic affinity of the Brahmin and Muslim populations from the state of Andhra Pradesh. The dendograms demonstrated that Indian populations form a separate cluster with oriental populations on one side and the eastern and the western Mediterranean populations on the other side. The principal component maps showed the clustering of Indian populations in the lower-right quadrant, where in the Sunni-Muslims occupied a position more closely to the north Indian Brahmins and the Bhargavas than to the geographically related south Hindu-Brahmin group. The study hypothesizes that unlike Brahmins who can be considered as an immediate stock of the Caucasians, the ancestors of Muslims might have been the result of an admixture between the Indo-Europeans and proto-Dravidians.     

Children's resemblance to their biological and adopting parents in two ethnic groups

This study tested the hypothesis that adopted children's individual IQs are more related to the individual social status ranks of their biological parents than to those of their adopting parents. Data from 20 Mexican-American and 21 white biological and adopting families in which the IQ score of the adopted child was available show that (1) there was no significant selective placement of these children in adopting homes, (2) there was no significant correlation between the midparent social-education rank of the adopting parents and their adopted children's IQ, and (3) there was a strong correlation between the midparent social-education rank of the biological parents and their children's individual intelligence ranks.     

Epidemiology ofShigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in Southern Israel

The epidemiology of shigellosis in the Jewish and Bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern Israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. The average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989–1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. The average annual attack rate among the Jews, who enjoy Western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disease showed summer and winter peaks.Shigella sonnei caused 3,336 of 4,560 (73.2 %) attacks in this group, and the attack rate ofShigella flexneri decreased during the study period. Among the Bedouins, many of whom live in poverty and overcrowding, a single annual summer peak was observed, the average annual attack rate being 197/100,000, andShigella flexneri caused 389 of 583 episodes (66.7 %). Resistance to ampicillin or tetracycline was noted in 57 % of allShigella isolates, and 82 % were resistant to cotrimoxazole. It is concluded that shigellosis is highly endemic in southern Israel, resistance to antimicrobial drugs is common and living conditions of the population influence the seasonal occurrence of the disease and select for morbidity with specific organisms.     

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibodies in ethnic groups of a Canadian hospital staff population.

Hospital staff members were analyzed with respect to ethnic origin and prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies (Anti-HBs). The staff members were categorized into four "risk groups" according to frequency of exposure to blood, patients' speciments, and patient care. Of the total 526 staff members studied, one-half (51.5%) were of North American origin, one-quarter came from Europe (25.9%), and the rest came from Asia, the West Indies, Africa, and Australia. The prevalence of Anti-HBs was lowest among North American staff members (8.1%) and highest among Asians (42.3%) (P less than or equal to 0.05). Low-risk administrative staff had the significantly lowest number of Anti-HBs-positive members (6.1%), whereas low-risk dietary staff (29.6%) and hospital assistants (30.6%) had the significantly highest prevalence of Anti-HBs staff members. In contrast, the high-risk group of laboratory workers and special nurses had only 16.1% of staff members with Anti-HBs. Our results show that ethnic background and socioeconomic conditions have to be considered when various risk groups are compared for the presence of Anti-HBs. The frequency of exposure to blood and patients' specimens or patient care is not the only determining factor in the prevalence of Anti-HBs in health workers.     

中国壮侗语族族群体部特征分析

目的 探讨壮侗语族族群体部特征。 方法 采用人体测量法,对贵州、广西、云南、海南、湖南等地区的壮侗语族14个族群进行体部测量。 结果 壮侗语族族群男性足宽、上臂长、前臂长3项指标与年龄不相关,骨盆宽与年龄成正相关（P<0.01）,体重、身高、耳屏点高等24项指标与年龄成负相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）。壮侗语族族群女性足宽、手长、躯干前高、上肢全长、下肢全长、上臂长共6项指标与年龄不相关,手宽、骨盆宽、全臂长、前臂长等4项指标与年龄成正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,体重、身高、耳屏点高等18项指标与年龄成负相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）。绝大多数体部指标值年龄组间差异具有统计学意义。壮侗语族族群各项体部指标均值均男性大于女性（P<0.05或P<0.01）,即男性体部的各个高度、长度、宽度大于女性。主成分分析结果显示,临高人、黎族男性及女性的身高、坐高、躯干前高、体重均大于壮侗语族其他12个民族;仫佬族和八甲人体部特征接近。壮侗语族14个族群、布朗族、革家人体部指标均值小于北方汉族、蒙古族巴尔虎部、蒙古族鄂尔多斯部、青海和硕特部、乌孜别克族、南方汉族、摩梭人、羌族、彝族。 结论 壮侗语族族群男性、女性体重值不大,男性身高属于矮身材、女性身高属于亚中等身材,壮侗语族族群具有中国南方少数民族的体质特征,属于身矮体轻的体质类型。     

Behavioral and nutritional factors and geohelminth infection among two ethnic groups in the Terai region,Nepal

Geohelminthiasis is a major health problem in many developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the role of behaviors and the nutritional status of people with geohelminth infection in two indigenous ethnic groups in lowland Terai, Nepal. One hundred and fourteen individuals (55 Mushar and 59 Tharu) aged 20–60 years participated, and a structured questionnaire was used to investigate socioeconomic status and behaviors. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Ninety five stool samples of the participants were collected for parasitological analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of geohelminthiasis was 42.1%: 26.3% of the subjects were infected with roundworm, 9.5% with hookworms, and 6.3% with whipworm. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that “not using soap for hand‐washing” (adjusted OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 1.41–19.78) and height (adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99) were associated with the prevalence of roundworm. “Walking barefoot when outdoor” was associated with the prevalence of hookworm (χ‐square test, P = 0.01). Ethnicity was not associated with the prevalence of either of the geohelminths. Because unhygienic behaviors and chronic malnutrition were closely associated with the people's recognition and subsistence pattern, elimination of geohelminth infection in Terai would be possible if deworming campaigns were implemented with in‐depth health education and modern agricultural technology. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Gallbladder bile composition in different ethnic groups

A total of 194 gallbladder biles from various ethnic groups were analyzed for their composition. The solubility of cholesterol in bile was determined mainly by its relative amounts of phospholipid and bile salt present. Bile from patients with gallstones was usually supersaturated with cholesterol above the boundary of the metastable state. Biles from normal white subjects of Finland, New Zealand, and the United States were already in the metastable state of supersaturation with cholesterol. The Masai of East Africa and black subjects of the Unites States had a bile level below the limit of maximum cholesterol solubility. This study indicates that the difference in the prevalence of cholesterol cholelithiasis in various ethnic groups was related to the difference in their bile compontified factors.     

RFLP-defined HLA-DP polymorphism in four ethnic groups

Patterns of BglII, MspI, and TaqI DP alpha and DP beta hybridizing restriction fragment length polymorphisms are compared with primed lymphocyte typing--determined specificities in 28 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop core cell lines. Correlation of specific RFLP patterns with most recognized DP types is confirmed, although the RFLPs do not distinguish DPw3 from DPw6. Analysis of DP-region nucleotide sequence data shows that the observed RFLPs are those expected to hybridize to the DP alpha and beta probes and are thus not due to cross-hybridization to other genes. The distribution of RFLPs in Chinese, Micronesian, South Indian, and white Australian populations is described. The most frequent DP specificity in Chinese is DPw5. In the other populations DPw4 is the most common specificity, although DPw5 is also relatively common in Micronesians. Four new DP alpha RFLP patterns and three new DP beta patterns are described. There are also numerous unusual combinations of DP alpha and DP beta alleles particularly in the South Indian population.     

Morphometry of the internal iliac artery in different ethnic groups

The internal iliac artery supplies the pelvic organs, as well as the osseous and muscular components of pelvic walls. The goal of our study is a statistical analysis of the internal iliac artery and its branches compared to the data recorded in the literature. A total of 100 internal iliac arteries were dissected, 60 arteries from male and 40 from female individuals. The results point out differences in length and caliber between males and females. Comparative analysis of our data with similar studies shows differences in the length of the internal iliac artery in Romanian patients compared to English and Japanese people. In conclusion, our results suggest a vascular variability in different ethnic groups.     

藏缅语族6个未识别群体皮褶围度特征

目的 在四川、云南、西藏调查木雅人、尔苏人、僜人、白马人、夏尔巴人、摩梭人13项皮褶围度指标,比较这些族群皮褶围度的差异。方法 使用皮尺和皮脂厚度计进行6个未识别群体成人1222人（男性576人,女性646人）的围度和皮褶厚度测量,所得数据采用Excel 2007、SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行处理,并将这6个族群的数据与国内其他7个民族做比较。结果 随着经度的增大,男性族群肩胛下皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶值逐渐增大。女性族群髂前上棘皮褶值随着经、纬度的增高而增大。根据主成分分析,在男性族群中,木雅人、尔苏人、白马人、摩梭人的肩胛下皮褶、平静胸围和上臂最大围均较大。夏尔巴人的肩胛下皮褶和平静胸围值较小,而夏尔巴人的上臂最大围较大。僜人的肩胛下皮褶、平静胸围和上臂最大围均较小。在女性族群中,木雅人、尔苏人、白马人、摩梭人的臀围、上臂围较大,而腓肠肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶均较小。僜人的臀围、上臂围较小,而腓肠肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶均较大。夏尔巴人的臀围、上臂围、腓肠肌皮褶和肩胛下皮褶均较小。结论 通过聚类分析与主成分分析,木雅人与尔苏人的围度与皮褶最接近。白马人与摩梭人的皮褶围度特征接近。僜人的皮褶围度特征与佤族、独龙族最为接近。夏尔巴人与珞巴族、门巴族最为接近。