1,25（OH）2D3口服冲击治疗透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进

１，２５（ＯＨ）＿２Ｄ＿３口服冲击治疗透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进陶立坚，池田，孙明ＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＳＨＯＲＴ－ＴＩＭＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＯＲＡＩ．１，２５（ＯＨ）＿２，Ｄ＿３ＰＵＬＳＥＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＩＮＨＥＭＯＤＩＡＬＹＳＩＳＰＡＴＩＥＮ...     

急症腹部手术后并发急性肺损伤的防治

目的：探讨腹部急症手术后肺损伤的预防和治疗。方法：回顾性分析４０例外科危重病人（ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ＞８分）首次手术后２４小时内的ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２、ＡａＤＯ２和呼吸频率（ＢＲ）与急性肺损伤（ＡＬＩ）的关系,分为ＡＲＤＳ组（ Ⅰ组,１２例）和急性肺功能不全组（Ⅱ组,２８例）,同时分析液体治疗和机械通气模式在防治ＡＲＤＳ中的作用,并计算死亡率。结果： Ⅰ组的ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２、ＡａＤＯ２、ＢＲ和死亡率分别为１８．２±４．5ｋＰａ、２６８．７±４１．３ｍｍＨｇ、３３．７±６．９次／分和４１．７％（５／１２）;Ⅱ组则分别为２３．０±５．9ｋｐａ、２４３．８±５３．１ｍｍＨｇ、２６．９±７．６次/分和３．６％（１／２８）。结论：外科危重病人术后２４小时内往往伴有不同程度的急性肺损伤,极易发生ＡＲＤＳ;ＰａＯ２／ＦＩＯ２和呼吸频率是早期发现ＡＲＤＳ的临床指标;控制补液量、早期给予激素和尽早加用ＰＥＥＰ（呼气末正压）是防治ＡＲＤＳ的三大重要措施。     

杀菌/通透性增加蛋白对休克大鼠肺组织细胞因子mRNA表达的影响

作者在大鼠失血性休克（４ｋＰａ，１８０分钟）模型上，观察了重组杀菌／通透性增加蛋白（ＢＰＩ）对肺组织肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、白介素－６（ＩＬ－６）ｍＲＮＡ表达及急性肺损伤的影响，并对肠源性内毒素血症与炎症细胞因子诱发的关系进行了探讨。结果显示：失血性休克可导致血浆内毒素含量显著升高，肺组织ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ表达分别在复苏后２、８小时明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；给予ＢＰＩ治疗则完全中和休克所致内毒素血症，并不同程度地抑制肺组织ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ的表达（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；肺毛细血管通透性与髓过氧化物酶活性均明显降低。作者认为，ＢＰＩ可有效防止失血性休克诱发的急性肺损伤，其作用机制可能与抑制肠源性内毒素血症所介导的局部组织炎症细胞因子基因表达有关。     

杀菌／通透性增加蛋白对休克大鼠组织细胞因子mRNA表达的影响

作者在大鼠失血性休克模型上,观察了重组杀菌／通透性增加蛋白（ＢＰＩ）对肺组织肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、白人素－６（ＩＬ－６）ｍＲＮＡ表达及急性肺损伤的影响,并对肠源性内毒素血症与炎症细胞因子诱发的关系进行了探讨。结果显示：失血性休克可导致血浆内毒素含量显著升高,肺组织ＴＮＦ,ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ表达分别在复苏后２、８小时明显增多（Ｐ〈０．０５－０．０１）;给予ＢＰＩ治疗则完全中和休克所致内毒素血症,并不     

体外循环手术前后病人血清sIL-2R水平和T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞的变化及临床意义

目的：通过检测心脏体外循环（ＣＰＢ）手术前后病人血清中可溶性白介素２－受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）、Ｔ细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ），观察分析心脏ＣＰＢ手术病人细胞免疫的影响及其临床意义。方法：选择２４例风心病择期换瓣病人，术前、ＣＰＢ１０分钟、ＣＰＢ２小时、术后第１天、３天、５天检测血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平、Ｔ细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞活性。术后第１天血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平升高，ＣＯ４（辅助细胞）活性明显降低，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８（辅助细胞／抑制细胞）比值下降，ＮＫ活性降低；并且ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ与ＣＤ４、ＮＫ活性呈负相关。结论：低温心脏ＣＰＢ手术对病人免疫机能有不良影响，临床应采取相应措施，改善术后病人的免疫机能。     

血栓素合酶反义核酸抗内毒素血症大鼠血栓形成的研究

目的研究反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）对大鼠血栓形成的影响。方法鼠静脉注射反义寡核苷酸Ⅰ（ＯＤＮⅠ）,２０Ｏ．Ｄ．／２００ｇ体重,检测其对血浆ＴＸＡ２浓度及血栓形成的影响。结果经ＯＤＮⅠ注射以后,内毒素血症大鼠血浆ＴＸＡ２水平从（２９５１．８±５８８．３）ｎｇ／Ｌ,降至（４３３．９±２５．７）ｎｇ／Ｌ,（Ｐ＜０．００１）;相应的血栓湿重分别为（１７．８±４．０）ｍｇ和（１１．２±３．１）ｍｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＯＤＮⅠ能减轻由内毒素所引起的ＴＸＡ２生成增加及血栓形成加强。     

从氨基胍对肺损伤的保护探讨内源性一氧化氮在其中的作用

本实验以内毒素（ＬＰＳ）造成大鼠急性肺损伤模型，观察一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在ＬＰＳ所致急性肺损伤中的作用，结果显示：ＬＰＳ线肺系数，支气管且泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和蛋白（Ｐｔ）含量均增高，光镜睛见肺充血，水肿，透射电镜见血管内皮细胞明显损伤。ＮＯ诱生酶抑制剂（ＡＧ）予处理后，肺系数明显变小（０．７８±０．０４，１．０３±０．１２），支气管现泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中ＬＤＨ（２２４．１１±     

体外循环手术前后病人血清sIL—2R水平和T淋巴细胞亚群,NK细胞的…

通过检测心脏体外循环手术前后病人血清中可溶性白介素２－受体、Ｔ细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞，观察分析心脏ＣＰＢ手术病人细胞免疫的影响及其临床意义。选择：２４例风心病择期换瓣病人，术前，ＣＰＢ１０分钟、ＣＰＢ２小时，术后和１天、３天、５天检测血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平，Ｔ细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞活性，术后第１天血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平升高，ＣＯ４（辅助细胞）活性明显降低，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８（辅助细胞／抑制细胞）比值下降，ＮＫ     

血小板激活因子对急性重型胰腺炎肺损伤作用的实验研究

目的　探讨血小板激活因子（ Ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔ Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇ Ｆａｃｔｏｒ, Ｐ Ａ Ｆ） 在急性胰腺炎肺损伤发生发展中的作用。 方法　１７ 只纯种 Ｂｅａｇｌｅ 狗分成三组：（１） 胰腺炎组（ Ｐ 组） ,用牛磺胆酸钠加胰蛋白酶主胰管逆行注射,复制急性胰腺炎模型;（２） 治疗组（ Ｔ 组） ,模型复制后５ 分钟,３ 小时分别静脉注射苦杏内酯 Ｂ（ Ｂ Ｎ５２０２１） ;（３） 对照组（ Ｃ 组） 。分别测定平均肺动脉压值,肺湿重系数,支气管肺泡灌洗液（ Ｂｒｏｎｃｈｉａｌ Ａｌｖｅｏｌａｒ Ｌａｖａｇｅ Ｆｌｕｉｄ , Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｆ） 内细胞总数和蛋白含量,肺血管外水量／ 无血干肺重（ Ｅｘｔｒａ Ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒ Ｌｕｎｇ Ｗａｔｅｒ ／ Ｂｌｏｏｄ Ｆｒｅｅ Ｄｒｙ Ｌｕｎｇ , Ｅ Ｖ Ｌ Ｗ／ Ｂ Ｆ Ｄ Ｌ） ,肺组织内 Ｐ Ａ Ｆ含量。 结果　平均肺动脉压值 Ｐ组明显升高,在４ 小时与 Ｃ组、 Ｔ组差异均有显著意义（ Ｐ＜ ００５） 。 Ｐ组肺系数〔（１１２ ±００６） ％ ,珋ｘ ±ｓ ,以下同）〕, Ｅ Ｖ Ｌ Ｗ／ Ｂ Ｆ Ｄ Ｌ（５５９ ±０５３） 及 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｆ中细胞总数〔（２０３ ±００２） ×１０９／ Ｌ〕和蛋白含量〔（４４７ ±     

嗜铬细胞瘤并发肾动脉狭窄引起二元性高血压九例

嗜铬细胞瘤并发肾动脉狭窄引起二元性高血压九例李寅，路建饶，陈庆荣ＡＲＥＰＯＲＴＯＦ９ＣＡＳＥＳＯＦＢＩＮＡＲＹＨＹＰＥＲ－ＴＥＮＳＩＯＮＤＵＥＴＯＰＨＥＯＣＨＲＯＭＯＣＹＴＯＭＡＣＯＭ－ＰＬＩＣＡＴＥＤＢＹＩＰＳＩＬＡＴＥＲＡＬＳＴＥＮＯＳＩＳＯＦＲ...     

James Alison Glover (1874-963), OBE (1919) CBE (1941) MD (1905) DPH (1905) FRCP (1933)

James Allison Glover served in the Boer War and World War I. In 1917 he was appointed to the Cerebro-spinal Laboratory in London. There, his work on cerebrospinal fever resulted in the "spacing out" of beds in huts and earned him the name of "good friend of the private soldier". In 1919 he proceeded OBE for his work during the war. In 1920 he was appointed medical officer to the new Ministry of Health. He made significant contributions to rheumatology and the understanding and treatment of tonsillitis, and to public health more widely.     

Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC)

BACKGROUND: Old age, reduced general condition and far advanced tumor stage associated with poor prognosis induced the belief that, apart from verifying the diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) by biopsy, no additional surgery would be justified. However, in some cases, an ultraradical approach was recommended in order to improve the quality of life and survival. METHODS: These are the results of a retrospective analysis involving 120 patients subjected to restricted radical surgery (excising as much as possible of the tumor and local metastases, foregoing ultraradical removal of vital organs such as esophagus, larynx and trachea). RESULTS: Irrespective of the surgical approach used, 6+/-2% of the patients were alive after 5 years (median survival time: 3.1 months). Patients without tumor residues (R0-resections; extending to soft tissue only; Kaplan-Meier estimate - cumulative survival 15+/-5%) had a significantly better prognosis than patients with tumor residues (R1/R2-resections; no patient survived 5 years; P<0.001). Tumor morphology (spindle cells, giant cells, mixed cells) or differentiated parts of the tumor as well as lymph-node involvement had no statistically significant impact on the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: In ATC, the objective should be to remove as much of the carcinoma as possible (in the ideal case, a thyroidectomy); if lymph nodes are affected, neck dissection should be the goal, if possible (restricted radical approach, improving quality of life). Ultraradical surgery to include segmental resection of larynx, trachea or esophagus do not seem to be indicated, as prolonged survival is questionable and quality of life is certainly diminished.     

High-resolution EEG (HR-EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)

HR-EEG (high resolution EEG) and MEG (magnetoencephalography) allow the recording of cerebral electromagnetic activities with excellent temporal resolution. These tools have also considerably progressed in spatial resolution and now constitute real methods of Electric and Magnetic Source Imaging. Their limits and the precision of the results obtained are discussed in distinct types of partial epilepsy. HR-EEG and MEG allow localization of scalp-EEG interictal spikes and more rarely ictal activities. They now contribute to the presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant partial epilepsies. These investigations appear to be of particular importance in presurgical assessment of MRI-negative epilepsy.     

Biodistribution of55Fe (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate (55Fe (II)-TsPc)

Phthalocyanines may be an alternative group of macrocycles applicable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Although as a class, phthalocyanines localize in tumours, efficacy of cytotoxicity appears to depend to some degree on the specific compound. Biodistribution patterns of the phthalocyanines are similar to those for dihaematoporphyrin ether (DHE); the major sites of deposition being liver, kidney and spleen while the remaining organs show varying degrees of accumulation. The optimal time for PDT when using phthalocyanine appears to be between 24 and 48 h.