解剖学肛瘘切除术结合挂线疗法治疗高位复杂性肛瘘 (附36例报告)

目的：探索治疗高位复杂性肛瘘较理想的手术方式。方法：应用解剖学肛瘘切除术结合挂线疗法治疗，对高位复杂性肛瘘施行手术治疗。结果：33例一期治愈，3例二期治愈，无肛门失禁、肛门狭窄等并发症。结论：解剖学肛瘘切除术结合挂线疗法，是一种治疗高位复杂性肛瘘较理想的手术方式。     

多切口浮线引流术治疗复杂性肛瘘

鉴于复杂性肛瘘的生理、解剖特点及特殊病理背景，外科手术仍是复杂性肛瘘最主要的治愈性措施。术后复发率高，其并发症、后遗症一直是肛瘘治疗中的难题。我院2004年1月至2005年10月采用多切口浮线引流术治疗复杂性肛瘘37例，取得了满意疗效。     

高位复杂性肛瘘微创根治术的临床应用

高位复杂性肛瘘的治疗目前仍然是个棘手问题．深圳市福田人民医院自2006年起采用微创根治术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘，取得了较好的疗效，现报告如下。     

挂线、瘘道旷置引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘

目的 探讨挂线、瘘道旷置引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的效果。方法采用挂线、瘘道旷置引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘76例。结果30d内治愈率达100％，随访2～3年，仅1例复发，远期治愈率为98．7％，术后无肛门变形、皮肤缺损、肛门失禁或狭窄等后遗症。结论该方法治疗高位复杂性肛瘘方法简便、疗效可靠。     

切挂开窗引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床研究

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的最佳临床技术。方法：采取主管切挂、支管开窗引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘７８例并进行疗效分析。结果：治愈率１００％，即成功地保护了肛门的括红功能，又无并发症与后遗症。结论：本术式是对传统术式的成功改良，是目前中西医相结合治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的较理想的术式。     

复杂性肛瘘再手术原因分析

复杂性肛瘘，特别是高位复杂性肛瘘是一种难治性疾病，若治疗不当，难于治愈。如一次或多次手术后仍复发或不愈，再治疗起来更加困难且并发症及后遗症增加。我们对１９９０～１９９３年间所收治的３４例复杂性肛瘘作一总结。全组病人入院前均于外院做过１次至数次手术，为...     

肛瘘治疗进展

肛瘘治疗，特别是高位复杂性肛瘘的治疗，一直是肛肠外科难点之一。虽然治疗方法较多，但都不同程度上存在弊病，尚不能达到满意疗效。本文回顾和总结肛瘘治疗的经验和现状，希望对肛瘘治疗方法的提高有所帮助。     

高位复杂性肛瘘的治疗进展

阐述了在治疗高位复杂性肛瘘方面的新方法和技术，介绍了改良的挂线术、保留括约肌的术式和封堵注入术的治疗方法和效果。改良的挂线引流术式仍是治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的主要方法；新近出现的保留括约肌的手术方法为减少肛门功能失禁、彻底治疗高位复杂性肛瘘提供了可能；封堵填充术因其操作简单、较好的治愈率等特点正成为非手术治疗的主要方法。     

复杂性肛瘘64例手术治疗体会

为总结复杂性肛瘘的手术治疗体会,回顾分析接受手术治疗的64例复杂性肛瘘患者资料。对其中低位复杂性肛瘘采用单纯切开法治疗,外口距肛门较近的高位复杂性肛瘘采用切开挂线法治疗。外口距肛门较远的高位复杂性肛瘘采用开窗加切开挂线法治疗,蹄铁型肛瘘采用皮桥旷置法或切开缝合法治疗,术后给予全面护理。结果显示,1次手术治愈63例（98．4％）,2次手术治愈1例。术后随访半年,均无复发．无肛门失禁和肛门畸形等后遗症发生。结果表明,复杂性肛瘘以手术治疗为主,术式选择应根据患者具体病情而定,术后全面护理是于术成功的保障。     

内口接力高位变低位肛瘘术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘临床分析

为探讨内口接力高位变低位肛瘘术在治疗高位复杂性肛瘘方面的临床应用效果,将69例高位复杂性肛瘘患者分为治疗组35例与对照组34例,治疗组患者采用内口接力高位变低位肛瘘术治疗,对照组患者采用传统切开挂线术治疗。结果显示,两组患者在创面大小、瘢痕面积、肛门失禁、肛门畸形等方面治疗组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结果表明,与传统治疗方法比较,内口接力高位变低位肛瘘术在治疗高位复杂性肛瘘方面具有较好的临床疗效。     

不同骨质疏松风险评估工具的筛检效果评价

目的通过对7种骨质疏松风险评估工具的对比,评价其社区与临床应用价值,为预防和筛查骨质疏松提供科学依据。方法共纳入299名40周岁以上的中老年人,其中女性均已绝经,应用双能X线骨密度仪测量其骨密度值并诊断是否患有骨质疏松症,计算各个工具得分,比较变量、灵敏度、特异度和曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。结果绝经后妇女的各个工具得分均有统计学意义(P0.05),亚洲人骨质疏松自评工具(osteoporosis self-assessment tool for asian, OSTA)的灵敏度为96.3%,特异度为6.3%,AUC为0.710;骨质疏松风险评估工具(osteoporosis risk assessment instrument, ORAI)的灵敏度为90.1%,特异度为12.7%, AUC为0.661;骨质疏松风险简单评估(simple calculated osteoporosis risk estimation, SCORE)的灵敏度为25.9%,特异度为81.9%, AUC为0.686;骨质疏松危险指数(osteoporosis index of risk, OSIRIS)的灵敏度为90%,特异度为30.8%, AUC为0.734;骨质疏松预筛选风险评估(osteoporosis prescreening risk assessment, OPERA)的灵敏度为38.2%,特异度为84%, AUC为0.658;美国骨质疏松基金会快速诊断法(National Osteoporosis Foundation, NOF)的灵敏度为90.4%,特异度为26.6%, AUC为0.652。仅NOF筛检的中老年男性骨质疏松具有统计学意义(P0.05),NOF的灵敏度为93.5%,特异度为25.8%, AUC为0.697;而男性骨质疏松症风险评估(male osteoporosis risk estimation score, MORES)筛检的灵敏度为74.1%,特异度为29.0%,AUC为0.575,不具有统计学意义(P=0.190)。结论 OSTA的灵敏度最高,且仅有2个变量,使用最为简便,适合筛检大样本人群;OSIRIS灵敏度和特异度均较好,用于临床筛检更为准确;ORAI和NOF灵敏度较高,适合筛检阳性人群;SCORE和OPERA特异度较好,适合筛检阴性人群;NOF可用于筛检中老年男性骨质疏松。     

前臂缺血性肌挛缩早期手术治疗

目的探讨前臂缺血性肌挛缩早、晚期手术疗效,提出早期行肌肉神经松解减压术的重要性。方法回顾性随访、分析1988年1月~1997年12月收治的42例前臂缺血性肌挛缩早、晚期手术远期效果、观察手内在肌挛缩程度、手部感觉功能恢复与手术距受伤时间之间的关系。结果获随访26例,随访时间半年~10年。早期(6个月内)手术19例,优良率84.2%。晚期(6个月以上)手术7例,优良率28.6%。结论肌肉神经松解减压术宜早期施行。手术时间在损伤后3个月内最佳。晚期手术效果差的主要原因是神经长时间卡压致手内在肌挛缩、感觉丧失。     

腹腔镜巨大前列腺囊腺瘤切除一例报告并文献复习

目的提高对巨大前列腺囊腺瘤的认识。方法回顾性分析收治的1例巨大前列腺囊腺瘤并成功进行腹腔镜切除的临床资料,结合文献复习进行讨论。结果本例患者成功行腹腔镜完整切除,手术时间125min,出血量60ml,术中双侧精囊输精管完整保留,术后会阴部坠胀不适消失,复查精液常规精子数目及活动度正常。已随诊12个月,肿瘤无复发。结论巨大前列腺囊腺瘤罕见,最终确诊要依靠病理诊断,其最有效的治疗是手术完整切除,而腹腔镜途径可作为完整切除的微创手段。     

PKCγ基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建

目的 构建蛋白激酶Cγ(PKCγ)基因RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体.方法 针对已经筛选确定的PKCT基因RNAi有效靶序列,合成靶序列的短发夹RNA(shRNA)寡核苷酸序列(Oligo)DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经Age Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切后的pGCSIL-GFP载体[含U_6启动子和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)]连接,转化DH5a大肠杆菌,挑选重组阳性克隆行PCR鉴定和DNA测序.用pGCSIL-GFP、pHelper 1.0和pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,逐孔稀释滴度法测定病毒滴度.结果 PCR鉴定结果显示,以经双酶切后未插入片断的pGCSIL-GFP空载体(PCR产物为306 bp)为对照,重组细菌克隆的PCR产物为343 bp(插入片段为37 bp),鉴定结果与预期相符.测序结果显示,合成的PKCT基因shRNA寡核苷酸链序列插入正确.包装慢病毒,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为1×10~9 TU/ml.结论 成功构建了PKCT基因shRNA慢病毒载体.     

Effect of sequence,timing of vascular anastomosis,and clamp removal on survival of microsurgical flaps

The effects of the timing and order of clamp removal in microsurgical transplants were studied in rat groin skin flap and rat latissimus dorsi muscle flap models. Forty rats were divided into four groups. In Group 1, the arterial pedicle of the skin flap was anastomosed first, and the clamp was released after the anastomosis was completed. The venous pedicle was then repaired after inflow was restored. In Group 2, the venous pedicle of the skin flap was anastomosed first. The venous clamp was not released until completion of the arterial anastomosis. In Group 3, the arterial pedicle was anastomosed first in the muscle flap. The venous anastomosis was then performed after the arterial clamp was released. In Group 4, the venous pedicle was anastomosed first, and both clamps were released simultaneously. The blood perfusion of the skin flaps was examined after both clamps were released in Groups 1 and 2. The flap survival status was examined 5 days postoperatively for skin flaps and at 3 days for muscle flaps. Skin flaps in an additional six rats were harvested for histology. The results showed that the flap blood flow for Group 1 was statistically significantly higher than for Group 2 flaps in the first 20 min after reperfusion. There was no significant difference of flow between these two groups during the 30 to 90 min after reperfusion. The difference in survival rates for the four groups was not significant. Histology revealed extensive congestion in the flaps from Group 1 after completion anastomoses, but the congestion was significantly decreased at 3 hr following reperfusion. In conclusion, a brief venous stasis during anastomosis, after establishment of arterial inflow, is not detrimental to flap survival. The sequence of anastomosis will not affect outcome for either the cutaneous flap or the muscle flap models. Early flap perfusion was increased when the arterial anastomosis was performed first.     

A case of giant leiomyoma of the esophagus

A 34-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a tumor shadow in the posterior mediastinum. Leiomyoma of the esophagus was suggested by the findings of CT, esophagography, and esophagoscopy. He underwent thoracotomy. The operative procedure was enucleation of the tumor. The histological examination confirmed it to be a leiomyoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the passage of the esophagus was good. He was discharged 36 days after the operation.     

Results of surgical treatment of proximal hypospadias

Eighteen patients of proximal hypospadia underwent operations by our two-stage method. First stage operation was done by exaggerated Nesbit's method. The foreskin was transposed to the ventral surface of the penis as a flap that is long enough to be brought to the top of the glans. The second-stage procedure was done after a minimum of 6 months. The urethral tube was formed around the Foley catheter with a flap, its peripheral end being one to two centimeters proximal to the sulcus. For one to two centimeters the distal flap was freed. The tubularization was done by a continuous 4-0 nylon suture, which was removed after ten days. The tube was passed to the top of the glans through the tunnel and sutured to the glans with 5-0 nylon. Urinary diversion was not performed. In one case the new urethral orifice receded and reoperation was done. The operations in the other 17 cases were successful without stricture or fistula formation.     

Investigation of cases of acute arterial thrombosis of the lower extremities

Thirty-six cases of acute arterial thrombosis treated in our department were investigated. The lesion was limited to the legs. The basic disease were 33 cases of arteriosclerosis obliterans, 2 of thromboangiitis obliterans and one cases of popliteal sclerotic aneurysm. The limb salvaged rate was 65% and the mortality was 22%. According to the findings of the extremities, they were classified into 4 groups. As for the results, this classification was useful to determine the prognosis of the legs. According to the clinical experience of myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome in (MNMS) 7 cases, staged revascularization was considered as one of the preventive treatments to avoid MNMS. The thrombolytic continuous perfusion therapy was supportive measure for these cases. This procedure was useful and available for limb salvage.     

腹腔镜下胆管癌手术患者的生存状况分析

目的探讨胆管癌行腹腔镜下手术患者的短期和长期生存状况。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年1月接受治疗的96例胆管癌患者(分型为Ⅲa、Ⅲb和Ⅳ)的临床资料,按照手术方法分为2组,引流组应用经肝胆道引流治疗,手术组应用腹腔镜下根治术治疗。采用SPSS23.0软件进行统计学分析。两组计量资料比较采用t检验。术后并发症和近期疗效比较用卡方检验(常规资料)和秩和检验(等级资料)。生存分析模型为Kaplan－meier乘积限模型,两组生存率比较为Logrank检验。P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果引流组共有10例完全缓解,21例部分缓解,手术组共有17例完全缓解,27例部分缓解,手术组近期疗效总有效率91.7%,显著高于引流组近期疗效总有效率64.6%(P<0.05)。手术组术后并发症发生率6.3%,明显低于引流组术后并发症发生率29.2%(P<0.05)。引流组1年、3年、5年生存率为39.6%、14.6%和10.4%低于手术组1年、3年、5年生存率为60.4%、22.9%和16.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论胆管癌行腹腔镜下手术患者近期疗效较经肝胆道引流治疗显著,且术后并发症发生较少,长期生存率较高,适合临床推广应用。     

Skull metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. Study of 12 cases

Over the past 33 years the authors have treated 12 cases of skull metastasis from thyroid carcinoma, accounting for 2.5% of a total of 473 cases of thyroid cancer. A study of these 12 cases revealed the following characteristics. The mean age of the patients was 60.4 years and the predominant incidence was in the seventh decade of life. The incidence of skull metastasis from thyroid cancer was higher among women than among men. The primary sign was a soft hemispheric tumor resting on the skull. The tumors were rich in vascularity with osteolytic changes in the skull. The average period from diagnosis of the thyroid tumor until thyroidectomy was 14.3 years, and until discovery of the skull metastasis was 23.3 years. The clinical course was thus very long. The most frequent histopathological presentation was follicular adenocarcinoma. Such lesions were morphologically well differentiated, with little pleomorphism and atypism, but detailed examination showed infiltration into the vascular lumen or capsule. The mean survival time in these patients was 4.5 years from the time of diagnosis. The prognosis in this lesion was relatively poor, considering its long clinical course.