Translation,cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire in Modern Standard Arabic

Purpose To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) into modern standard Arabic and examine its validity, acceptability and reliability in Arabic-speaking patients with low back pain (LBP). Method The BBQ was forward, back-translated and reviewed by an expert committee. Seventeen bilingual patients completed Arabic and English BBQs. LBP patients (n?=?199) completed the Arabic BBQ. Sixty-four repeated it a week later, and 151 completed the Arabic Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Results The expert committee followed advice from the developers to maintain Arabic equivalence of “back trouble(s)”. Patients found the questionnaire comprehensible and acceptable. Agreement between the English and Arabic versions of the BBQ was acceptable, ICC?= 0.65 (0.25–0.86). Most item-by-item agreement ranged from fair to moderate (K?=?0.12–0.54). Mean (SD) of BBQ, FABQ total, work and physical activity subscales were 25.31(6.13), 44.76(19.49), 21.17(10.10) and 13.95(6.65). The BBQ correlated with the FABQ at r?=??0.33, work subscale r?=??0.29 and physical activity r?=??0.30 (all p?α?=?0.73 indicated high internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was high, ICC?=?0.80 (0.68–0.87). Item-by-item agreement ranged from fair to acceptable (K?=?0.31–0.66). Conclusions The Arabic BBQ has good comprehensibility and acceptability, acceptable agreement with the English BBQ, high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. We recommend its use with Arabic-speaking LBP patient to determine their beliefs and attitudes about their back pain, as they have been shown to be important predictors of persistent LBP disability.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• There are limited valid and reliable outcome measures for back pain in Arabic. The Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) is a tool that measures attitudes and beliefs about back pain.

• We recommend the use of our valid and reliable, translated and cross-culturally adapted tool with Arabic-speaking patients.

• The tool can measure attitudes and beliefs concerning the future consequences of LBP, with regards to recovery and return to work in this sample.

• Findings will improve back pain management options aimed at reducing back pain disability though challenging and modifying beliefs in the Middle East or with migrant populations in the West.

     

The multiple sclerosis work difficulties questionnaire: translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Turkish and assessment of validity and reliability

Abstract

Purpose: To linguistically and culturally adapt the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire-23 (MSWDQ-23) for use in Turkey, and to examine its reliability and validity.

Methods: Following standard forward-back translation of the MSWDQ-23, it was administered to 124 people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Validity was evaluated using related outcome measures including those related to employment status and expectations, disability level, fatigue, walking, and quality of life. Randomly selected participants were asked to complete the MSWDQ-23 again to assess test–retest reliability.

Results: Confirmatory factor analysis on the MSWDQ-23 demonstrated a good fit for the data, and the internal consistency of each subscale was excellent. The test–retest reliability for the total score, psychological/cognitive barriers, physical barriers, and external barriers subscales were high. The MSWDQ-23 and its subscales were positively correlated with the employment, disability level, walking, and fatigue outcome measures.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the Turkish version of MSWDQ-23 has high reliability and adequate validity, and it can be used to determine the difficulties faced by people with multiple sclerosis in workplace. Moreover, the study provides evidence about the test–retest reliability of the questionnaire.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Multiple sclerosis affects young people of working age.

• Understanding work-related problems is crucial to enhance people with multiple sclerosis likelihood of maintaining their job.

• The Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire-23 (MSWDQ-23) is a valid and reliable measure of perceived workplace difficulties in people with multiple sclerosis: we presented its validation to Turkish.

• Professionals working in the field of vocational rehabilitation may benefit from using the MSWDQ-23 to predict the current work outcomes and future employment expectations.

     

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for professional orchestra Musicians

Many epidemiological surveys on playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) have been conducted on professional musicians, but none have evaluated or confirmed the psychometric properties of the self-report instruments that were used. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a self-report instrument for professional orchestra musicians to measure musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and pain interference in terms of function and psychosocial constructs. 183 professional orchestra musicians in Scotland were eligible to participate in the study, of which 101 (55% response rate) took part. Development of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM) involved the selection and modification of the most appropriate instruments measuring MSK pain, followed by psychometric evaluation of the new instrument. Face and content validity were ascertained by expert panels. 37 participants completed the questionnaire. The percentage of missing scores was very low (2.7%). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the MPIIQM had a strong and stable two-factor structure, with nine retained items explaining 71.3% of the variance in the data set. “Pain intensity” and “pain interference” were the two emerging factors. High internal consistency was achieved for each subscale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91). Substantial test–retest reliability for the pain intensity items (range 0.78–0.82), and moderate to substantial test–retest reliability for the pain interference items (range 0.56–0.76) were obtained. The MPIIQM is a valid and reliable self-report instrument for the measurement and evaluation of MSK pain and pain interference in a population of professional orchestra musicians.     

Measuring the beliefs on alcohol craving by using craving beliefs questionnaire: preliminary results of its psychometric properties in a Turkish sample

Introduction: Therapist can assess patients’ maladaptive beliefs about drug via Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ), which was originally developed by Wright to measure beliefs about the craving phenomenon. The aim of the study is to assess the psychometric properties of CBQ and its usefulness in the patients with alcohol dependency. Method: The study population was consisted of 70 alcohol addict male patients. Beliefs about substance use questionnaire (BSU), craving beliefs questionnaire (CBQ), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), clinical institute withdrawal assessment (CIWA), automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and dysfunctional attitudes scale (DAS) were used as the assessment tools. Results: The internal consistency of the CBQ for the alcohol dependent was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha 0.94). Item-total score correlations were between 0.50 and 0.84 for alcohol-dependent patients. The principal component analysis revealed one main factor. Positive correlations found between CBQ, and BSU, BAI and ATQ. In discriminant validity analysis, mean CBQ scores were found significantly higher than occasional drinkers and none-alcohol drinkers. Conclusion: Our results supported that the Turkish version of the CBQ has an adequate instrument for evaluating alcohol-related craving beliefs in alcoholic patients. However, further studies should be performed for assessing its validity in large number of social drinkers and alcohol-dependent patient.     

The adaptation of a Danish version of the Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire: reliability and construct validity in a population of patients with fibromyalgia in Denmark

The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) in a population of patients with fibromyalgia in Denmark. The study sample included 102 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia referred to a specialist clinic. The PSEQ was translated and adapted to a Danish setting using a standard stepw‐ise forward–backward translation procedure, followed by initial testing and focus group interview. Reliability was examined by analysing internal consistency and test–retest agreement. Construct validity was exami‐ned by investigating dimensionality, targeting, local independence, category functioning and differential item functioning (DIF). Reliability was high: Cronbach's alpha 0.88, test–retest correlation 0.93, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.89 and item–total correlations 0.44–0.70. Factor analyses and item response (IRT) models indicated unidimensionality, and the PSEQ‐DK was well targeted to the sample. High interitem correlation was observed between two items, indicating local dependence, and item misfit and DIF were observed for a few items. However, the overall fit of the scale to a single‐factor model and IRT models supported acceptable construct validity. The PSEQ‐DK showed acceptable psychometric properties and can therefore represent a reliable and valid measure for evaluating self‐efficacy in patients with fibromyalgia in Denmark.     

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women

This methodological study was planned to translate the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) into Turkish and to investigate its reliability for both nulliparous and parous women in Turkish population. A total of 660 healthy women with normal pregnancies at gestational ages of between 28 and 40 weeks were recruited. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) was used for determining the reliability of the W-DEQ. Construct validity was also determined utilizing the known-groups method. In this study, independent sample t-tests were used to compare the nulliparous and parous groups differing in known fear status. In order to test the construct of the W-DEQ, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale and Brief Measure of Worry Severity scales were chosen as these scales are expected to correlate with the W-DEQ. Analysis of the construct validity of the W-DEQ version A using Pearson's correlation coefficients was performed for both nulliparous and parous women separately. All the scales in both groups showed a statistically significant correlation with the W-DEQ. The alpha coefficient (0.89) is well above the 0.70 criterion for internal consistency reliability. Turkish form of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A was fixed as reliable and valid means to measure the level of fear of childbirth among Turkish pregnants.     

Measuring Thought Control Strategies: The Thought Control Questionnaire and a Look Beyond

The Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) by Wells and Davies represents a unique measure of habitual strategies to control one's unwanted thoughts, but its psychometric properties have not yet been exhaustively tested. Study 1 assessed 108 nonclinical participants. The relative independence of the five factors constituting the TCQ was confirmed although reliability was unsatisfactory. In Study 2, a clinical sample (n = 208) comprising various anxiety disorders and a healthy control group were investigated. Reliability of the TCQ was again insufficient. Previously found associations with psychopathological variables could be replicated, the TCQ not being specifically linked to single mental disorders or cognitive processes, namely worrying, but rather to psychopathology in general. Implications for a revision of the TCQ and the measurement of thought control strategies in general are discussed.     

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version: The Osteoporosis Smoking Health Belief Scale

Background: Smoking-related health beliefs regarding osteoporosis may be of use to health professionals in helping those at risk of osteoporosis or those with osteoporosis to reduce or stop smoking. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Osteoporosis Smoking Health Belief Scale (OSHBS). Design and methods: The methodological study sample consisted of 168 people. Cronbach alpha, Spearman–Brown, Guttman split-half method, item-total subscale correlation, and base and ceiling effects were used for reliability analysis. Validity was examined using content validity, construct validity, and contrasted group comparison. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: EFA revealed that three factors accounted for 67.36% of the explained variance. CFA validity testing supported the three-factor structure and the construct validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.91 for the benefit subscale, 0.87 for the barrier subscale, and 0.91 for self-efficacy. Conclusion: The scale was found to be a reliable and valid tool for determining the health beliefs of Turkish people concerning smoking in relation to osteoporosis. Health professionals can use the Turkish version of the OSHBS for research and evaluation of the health beliefs of Turkish people concerning smoking in relation to osteoporosis.     

The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the smoking outcome expectation scale and the anti-smoking self-efficacy scale for early adolescents

This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the Smoking Outcome Expectation Scale and Anti-Smoking Self-Efficacy Scale for Early Adolescents in Turkey. The sample of the study included a total of 548 students. The data were collected using a demographic data collection form, the Smoking Outcome Expectation Scale, and the Anti-Smoking Self-Efficacy Scale (ASSES) for Early Adolescents. ASSES consists of 15 items, and SOES consists of six items. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the ASSES section and its subscales were .93, .94, .89, and .75, respectively. These values were found to be.70, .85, and .91 in the SOES section and its subscales. Both sections’ test–retest correlation coefficients were found to be higher than .25 for all items. The factor loads ranged between .45 and .76 in the ASSES section and between .87 and .95 in the SOES section. The goodness-of-fit indices of both sections were above .90, and their root mean square error of approximation (RMSA) values was <.08. These results indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable tool for use with early adolescents in Turkey.     

The psychometric characteristics of the preschool behavior questionnaire in preschoolers with developmental handicaps

Parents and teachers rated 34 preschoolers with developmental handicaps on the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) (Behar and Stringfield, 1974a); student assistants rated 11 children. Approximately four weeks later, parents and teachers rerated the children. Shortly after the first rating, 14 of the older subjects were assessed by direct observations for classroom behavior and were tested on a Continuous performance Task (CPT) and the Marble Dropping Task (Zigler, 1961). Interrater agreement was generally modest to moderately high for the disruptive subscales of the PBQ (Hostile-Aggressive and Hyperactive-Distractible), whereas agreement was usually unsatisfactory for the Anxious-Fearful subscale. Test-retest reliability was high for ratings by both parents and teachers. Data from the direct observations and from the CPT and Marble Dropping tasks failed to validate the parent ratings, whereas they provided moderate support for the validity of teacher ratings on the disruptive subscales. We concluded that parent ratings on the PBQ do have some utility but that extreme scores derived from parent ratings should be interpreted with caution. Reliability appears to be adequate to good on the disruptive behavior subscales for teacher ratings, and existing relationships with other measures support the validity of the subscales assessing disruptive behavior. The PBQ appears to be useful for assessing preschoolers with developmental handicaps, although our data suggest limitations as well.     

Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samples

Title. Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire: confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Turkish samples. Aim. This study is a report of an investigation of the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. Background. Cultural, social and family environments influence women’s beliefs about and attitudes towards menstruation. Awareness of these beliefs and/or attitudes and their cultural origins is necessary to understand women and their reactions to menstruation when offering health care. Although the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire has been used in several studies, the psychometric properties of the Turkish version have not been investigated. Methods. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out with two different samples – high school (n = 650) and undergraduate university students (n = 569) – in Turkey in the spring semester of 2006. Exploratory factor analyses were then used to modify the factor structure. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis did not confirm the factor model reported in the United States of America. However, compared with British and Indian samples, Turkish attitudes showed better fit than both British and Indian samples with comparative fit index values of 0·776 and 0·797 for the high school and university samples respectively. Finally, exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28‐item measure for the high school sample and 31‐item measure for the university sample, with a 5‐factor solution. Reliability estimates of both scales were satisfactory, being 0·73 for the high school and 0·79 for the university sample. Conclusion. The modified 5‐factor Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire could be a useful tool for assessing menstrual attitudes among Turkish high school and university students. The overall score permits comparison with results from earlier studies using the original instrument.