2019年福州市急性呼吸道感染病例病毒病原谱调查

目的:了解福州市病毒性急性呼吸道感染(acute respiratory infection, ARI)病原谱及其流行特征。方法:收集2019年福州市三家不同类型医院的ARI病例信息并采集呼吸道标本,采用实时定量荧光PCR(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)对标本进行腺病毒(adenoviru...     

2010—2012年韶关市儿童呼吸道感染病毒病原学分析

目的探讨韶关市儿童常见呼吸道感染的病原学特点和分布特征。方法采集2010年7月至2012年7月因呼吸道感染于粤北人民医院的住院患者呼吸道标本171份,采用荧光定量PCR方法,对呼吸道标本同时进行甲型流感病毒（FluA）,乙型流感病毒（FluB）,腺病毒（ADV）,博卡病毒（BoV）,副流感病毒1型（PIV1）、2型（PIV2）、3型（PIV3）,鼻病毒（HRV）,呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）,冠状病毒229E、0C43、HKUl、NL63,偏肺病毒（MPV）等14种常见呼吸道病毒核酸检测。结果171份标本中检出阳性标本93份,核酸阳性率为54．4％（93／171）,其中FluA占首位,阳性率为8．2％（14／171）,其他依次为ADV7．6％（13／171）,HRV7．6％（13／171）,PIVI／II／III 7．0％（12／171）,RSV 6.4％（11／171）,FluB5．8％（10／171）,BoV5．3％（9／171）,MPV3．5％（6／171）,冠状病毒（HCoV—OC43／HKUl）2．9％（5／171）。不同性别问患儿呼吸道病毒阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。≥6月龄组阳性率最低（37．5％）,1—3岁年龄组阳性率最高（62．1％）。结论韶关地区儿童发热呼吸道病毒感染病例的病原体以甲型流感病毒、腺病毒和鼻病毒为主。     

860例儿童急性呼吸道感染病原体分析

急性呼吸道感染(acute respiratory infection,ARI)是婴幼儿的常见病,是导致就医和住院的主要原因之一,严重威胁儿童生命及生活质量。近年来,随着各种抗生素的广泛应用,呼吸道细菌感染已有所降低,而呼吸道病毒感染仍呈上升趋势[1]。为探讨本地区儿童ARI的病原特点,我们采集了860例因ARI而住院治疗的患儿血清标本进行9种病原微生物IgM抗体检测,现报道如下。1资料和方法1.1对象2010年1月～2011年12月在我院住院的诊断为ARI的860例(男438,女422)患儿,ARI诊断标准参照人民卫生出版社《内科学》7版[2],所选病例均不合并有自身免疫性疾病和白血病等基础疾病,所选患儿年龄为(0～13)岁,按年龄分4组:<1岁组218例;(1～2)岁组192例;(3～5)     

直接免疫荧光法在儿童呼吸道感染病毒病原学分析中的应用

<正>呼吸道病毒感染是儿科常见的疾病,引起的症状多变,给临床诊断和治疗造成很大的困难。近年来,分子生物学技术的发展使得越来越多的新病毒被发现,使得呼吸道病毒的检测对于儿童呼吸道感染的诊疗越发重要[1-2]。一般实验室常用的病毒检测方法包括免疫学方法和核酸扩增技术[3]。核酸扩增检测技术有聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)等,其中     

小儿下呼吸道感染的细菌病原学分析

目的：分析小儿下呼吸道感染的细菌病原学情况。方法选取我院2012年1月~2014年8月接诊的下呼吸道感染小儿531例作为研究对象,根据入院前是否治疗分为治疗组(301例)与未治疗组(230例),两组患儿入院后皆采取深部痰细菌培养与抗菌药敏试验处理,以及测定菌种鉴定药敏度,并对比分析两组患儿结果。结果治疗组共计分离逸1种致病菌的例数为88例,其中病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白假丝酵母菌等,而未治疗组共计分离逸1种致病菌的例数为77例,其中病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等,但两组病原菌分离率对比无显著性差异(>0.05);两组患儿在大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌上的耐药率前4位皆为阿莫西林、替卡西林、头孢噻吩、哌拉西林,而耐药率最低的前4位皆为亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦与阿米卡星。结论大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌属于下呼吸道感染患儿常见致病菌,入院前有无治疗对细菌病原学无显著影响,但入院前若应用了抗生素则可能导致并发真菌感染率增加。     

2011—2020年兰州市住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例常见呼吸道病毒监测结果分析

目的:了解兰州市住院严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection, SARI)病例常见呼吸道病毒病原谱及流行病学特征,为兰州市SARI病例的防控和治疗提供参考依据。方法:收集2011年1月至2020年12月兰州大学第一医院SARI病例的咽拭子、痰液及少量肺泡灌洗液样本2 57...     

COPD下呼吸道感染病原学及药敏分析

COPD(慢性阻塞性肺病)急性加重期常合并下呼吸道感染，痰培养仍是确定感染病原菌的重要手段之一。本文回顾性总结了1993-2002年近10年间我院收治的COPD急性加重期患者呼吸道感染痰病原学和药敏情况进行分析，以探讨10年来痰病原学和药敏的变化情况，为临床合理选用抗生素提供参考。     

单中心1726例住院婴儿急性下呼吸道感染临床流行病学调查

目的调查复旦大学附属儿科医院（我院）住院婴儿急性下呼吸道感染（ALRIs）的流行情况及临床表现,比较分析不同严重程度ALRIs的临床特征。方法对入住我院的≤1岁的ALRIs患儿进行回顾性调查,分为重症组和轻中症组,采集人口学特征、临床表现、辅助检查、病原学、治疗情况、预后和疾病负担等信息。结果@2011年3月1日至2012年2月29日1726例ALRIs病例进入本文分析,占同期≤1岁住院患儿的25．3％,流行高峰主要集中在秋冬两季。重症组〈6个月患儿、低出生体重儿和早产儿比例高于轻中症组。②主要临床表现为咳嗽（70．3％）、发热（12．2％）,重症组气促、发绀、呼吸暂停的发生率高,分别为18．1％、8．2％、24．6％。③血气分析发现重症组较轻中症组患儿存在高PaCO2,低PaO2和SaO2;91．3％的ALRIs婴儿X线胸片出现不同部位渗出性病变和（或）局限性气肿或心缘模糊。④72．4％ALRIs患儿病原体检查阳性,以呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）为主（52．9％）,重症组RSV、细菌及混合感染比例高。⑤重症组69．5％患儿合并基础疾病,主要为先天性心脏病、高胆红素血症、支气管肺发育不良、呼吸道畸形及营养不良。⑥ALRIs患儿住院天数中位数为9d,住院费用中位数为6864元。重症组住院天数及住院费用均高于轻中症组。结论重症ALRIs在小婴儿中发生率高,RSV为主要病原;多存在基础疾病,疾病负担较重。     

北京地区2010年10月至2011年4月急性呼吸道感染病毒流行特征分析

目的 通过对北京地区2010年10月-2011年4月急性呼吸道感染病毒病原谱构成及流行特征分析,为临床诊断、治疗和呼吸道传染病的预防控制提供病原学依据.方法 随机采集北京市五家哨点医院接诊的急性呼吸道感染病例咽拭子样本425份,利用多重RT-PCR和PCR方法进行甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、...     

No evidence of Legionella infection in general practice patients presenting with acute respiratory infections in The Netherlands

The role of Legionella spp. in the aetiology of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is largely unknown. In this case-control study, conducted in a general practitioner setting during 2000 and 2001, nose and throat samples from patients presenting with ARIs (n = 230) and controls (n = 200) were analysed for the presence of Legionella spp. by real-time PCR. Legionella DNA was not detected in any of the cases or controls. Thus, Legionella spp. do not seem to play a role in patients presenting with ARIs, nor were they present in patients who visited their general practitioner for complaints other than ARIs.     

Lower respiratory tract infection in the community: associations between viral aetiology and illness course

ObjectivesThis study determined associations between respiratory viruses and subsequent illness course in primary care adult patients presenting with acute cough and/or suspected lower respiratory tract infection.MethodsA prospective European primary care study recruited adults with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection between November 2007 and April 2010. Real-time in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to test for six common respiratory viruses. In this secondary analysis, symptom severity (scored 1 = no problem, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe) and symptom duration were compared between groups with different viral aetiologies using regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Additionally, associations between baseline viral load (cycle threshold (Ct) value) and illness course were assessed.ResultsThe PCR tested positive for a common respiratory virus in 1354 of the 2957 (45.8%) included patients. The overall mean symptom score at presentation was 2.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.07–2.11) and the median duration until resolution of moderately bad or severe symptoms was 8.70 days (interquartile range 4.50–11.00). Patients with influenza virus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus (CoV) or rhinovirus had a significantly higher symptom score than patients with no virus isolated (0.07–0.25 points or 2.3–8.3% higher symptom score). Time to symptom resolution was longer in RSV infections (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.96) and hMPV infections (AHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.94) than in infections with no virus isolated. Overall, baseline viral load was associated with symptom severity (difference 0.11, 95% CI 0.06–0.16 per 10 cycles decrease in Ct value), but not with symptom duration.ConclusionsIn healthy, working adults from the general community presenting at the general practitioner with acute cough and/or suspected lower respiratory tract infection other than influenza impose an illness burden comparable to influenza. Hence, the public health focus for viral respiratory tract infections should be broadened.     

Newly identified respiratory viruses associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in Lanzou,China, from 2006 to 2009

Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 813 children <14 years old with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Lanzhou, China, from December 2006 to November 2009. PCR or RT-PCR was used to screen for the presence of 10 respiratory viruses. Viral agents were identified in 73.92% (601/813) of specimens, including RSV in 40.71%, hMPV in 6.15%, IFVA in 7.13%, IFVB in 0.98%, PIV1-3 in 7.87%, HCoV-HKU1 in 2.21%, HCoV-NL63 in 3.81%, HRV in 19.93%, AdV in 7.50% and HBoV in 11.56%. Two or more viruses were detected in 34.44% (280/813) of cases. The newly identified respiratory viruses, HBoV, hMPV, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63, accounted for 22.01% of the detected viral pathogens. RSV and HRV were frequently detected in patients with bronchiolitis, and hMPV was frequently associated with pneumonia. HCoV-NL63 was found to be one of the causative agents of acute respiratory wheezing in young children. No seasonal variation was found in the incidence of detection of HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63 or HBoV. This 3-year study demonstrated that viral pathogens play an important role in children with ALRTIs, and more attention should be paid to these newly identified viral agents.     

Etiology of acute viral respiratory infections common in Pakistan: A review

Respiratory infections, especially those of the lower respiratory tract, remain a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity of children greater than 5 years in developing countries including Pakistan. Ignoring these acute‐level infections may lead to complications. Particularly in Pakistan, respiratory infections account for 20% to 30% of all deaths of children. Even though these infections are common, insufficiency of accessible data hinders development of a comprehensive summary of the problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rate in various regions of Pakistan and also to recognize the existing viral strains responsible for viral respiratory infections through published data. Respiratory viruses are detected more frequently among rural dwellers in Pakistan. Lower tract infections are found to be more lethal. The associated pathogens comprise respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus, enterovirus/rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and human bocavirus. RSV is more dominant and can be subtyped as RSV‐A and RSV‐B (BA‐9, BA‐10, and BA‐13). Influenza A (H1N1, H5N1, H3N2, and H1N1pdm09) and Influenza B are common among the Pakistani population. Generally, these strains are detected in a seasonal pattern with a high incidence during spring and winter time. The data presented include pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and influenza. This paper aims to emphasise the need for standard methods to record the incidence and etiology of associated pathogens in order to provide effective treatment against viral infections of the respiratory tract and to reduce death rates.     

Emerging role of dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection

Respiratory viral infections are a major health problem, especially in the immunocompromised, young, and elderly. In order for the host to effectively clear viral infections, a productive adaptive immune response must be developed. Crucial to the initiation of the adaptive response is the dendritic cell, which induces the proliferation and activation of T cells early in an antiviral response. This review examines the role of lung dendritic cells in the immune response to respiratory viruses. The phenotypic and functional differences between conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are discussed, as are the mechanisms behind homeostatic recruitment of these cells in the normal lung. Focusing on respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, the role of the two dendritic cell subsets during an antiviral response is explored. Through evolution, viruses have developed several mechanisms to interfere with the normal function of dendritic cells and prevent appropriate induction of an adaptive immune response, which are also discussed. Finally, we identify potential targets for future therapeutic strategies to ameliorate disease caused by respiratory virus infection.     

Prevalence of human respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing, 2005–2007

To determine the aetiological role and epidemiological profile of common respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), a 2-year study was conducted in Beijing, China, from May 2005 to July 2007. Nose and throat swab samples from 5808 ARTI patients were analysed by PCR methods for common respiratory viruses, including influenza viruses (IFVs) A, B, and C, parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) 1–4, enteroviruses (EVs), human rhinoviruses (HRVs), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1, and adenoviruses (ADVs). Viral pathogens were detected in 34.6% of patient samples, and 1.6% of the patients tested positive for more than one virus. IFVs (19.3%) were the dominant agents detected, followed by HRVs (6.5%), PIVs (4.3%), EVs (3.2%), and HCoVs (1.1%). ADVs, RSV and HMPV were also detected (<1%). The viral detection rates differed significantly between infections of the lower and upper respiratory tracts in the sample population: PIVs, the second most commonly detected viral agents in lower acute respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), were more prevalent than in upper acute respiratory tract infections, indicating that the pathogenic role of PIVs in LRTIs should be investigated. Currently, this study is the largest-scale investigation of respiratory virus infections in China with multiple agent detection, providing baseline data for further studies of respiratory virus infections in adults with ARTIs.     

Human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou,China

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. However, HBoV has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. In this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of HBoV infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. In total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1‐year study. HBoV was detected in 29 (7.1%) of the 406 children. No clear seasonal fluctuation was observed in infection rates of HBoV. Of the 29 children infected with HBoV, 16 (55.2%) were coinfected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral coinfection with HBoV did not affect the severity of the respiratory disease (P = 0.291). The number of HBoV genome copies ranged from 5.80 × 10² to 9.72 × 10⁸ copies/ml in nasopharyngeal aspirates among HBoV‐positive specimens by real‐time PCR, and neither coinfection nor the severity of disease correlated with the viral load (P = 0.148, P = 0.354, respectively). The most common clinical features were cough and acute upper respiratory infection, and acute bronchopneumonia. Additionally, the NP‐1 gene of HBoV showed minimal sequence variation. These data suggest that HBoV is frequent in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China, and RSV is the most common coinfecting virus. There was no apparent association between the viral load of HBoV and coinfection or disease severity. The NP‐1 gene was highly conserved in HBoV. J. Med. Virol. 82:282–288, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.