帕瑞昔布对骨科术后镇痛的疗效观察

目的观察帕瑞昔布在骨科术后镇痛治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法选择2009年1～12月间骨科四肢手术后24 h内急性疼痛患者60例,随机分为肌注帕瑞昔布(40mg)组和肌注哌替啶(50mg)组,对比分析两组的急性疼痛缓解程度、疼痛缓解时间和不良反应发生率。选择2009年1～12月间骨科全麻术后患者60例,随机分为肌注帕瑞昔布(40 mg,bid)组和自控静脉镇痛泵组,观察两组术后24 h内镇痛效果及不良反应发生率。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法评价疼痛程度。结果在术后急性疼痛镇痛中,肌注帕瑞昔布40mg的效果与肌注哌替啶50mg相当,但帕瑞昔布比哌替啶起效快,且疼痛缓解时间长,不良反应发生率低。在术后24 h内镇痛中,肌注帕瑞昔布(40mg,bid)的效果与使用静脉镇痛泵相似,但不良反应发生率低。结论帕瑞昔布具有高效和安全的镇痛特性,适合于骨科术后镇痛。     

帕瑞昔布钠对下肢手术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠对下肢手术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 45例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级全麻下行下肢矫形手术的患者随机分为三组,A组全麻诱导前静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,B组缝合伤口时静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,C组为对照组.三组患者于缝皮时开启皮下自控镇痛(PCSA)泵(100 ml溶液含芬太尼2.0 mg).记录苏醒后即刻(T1)、术后4 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、36 h(T4)的VAS评分,记录术后4 h及24 h内PCSA按压次数,术后24 h芬太尼用量,观察头晕、恶心呕吐发生率.结果 T1～T3时A、B组VAS评分均显著低于C组(P<0.05);T1、T2时A组VAS评分显著低于B组(P<0.05).A和B组术后24 h PCSA泵按压次数、芬太尼总量及术后恶心呕吐发生率显著低于C组(P<0.05).结论 下肢手术中使用帕瑞昔布钠具有良好的镇痛作用和超前镇痛作用.     

帕瑞昔布在围术期镇痛中的应用进展

帕瑞昔布作为选择性环氧化酶2（COX-2）抑制剂,可用于围术期急性疼痛的治疗,其临床疗效已经在多种手术后的止痛治疗中得到证实。应用本药物后可减少吗啡用量,缓解使用超短效阿片药所引起的痛觉超敏现象,提高术后镇痛效果及安全性,在微创手术中应用具有一定的优越性。本文对帕瑞昔布的药理作用、安全性以及临床应用等进行综述。     

帕瑞昔布钠对脊柱骨折手术后舒芬太尼镇痛效果的影响

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠对脊柱骨折手术后舒芬太尼镇痛效果的影响。方法择期行脊柱骨折手术患者60例,随机分为P、C两组。脊柱骨折内固定完成后,P组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,C组静脉注射生理盐水5ml。术后均采用舒芬太尼自控镇痛。记录术后2、4、6、12小时和24小时的疼痛强度VAS评分和PCA按压总次数、有效次数,术后不良反应。结果 P组术后4、6、12小时两组间比较VAS评分、在术后12小时和24小时内PCA总次数和PCA有效次数降低,恶心、呕吐发生率低（P〈0.05）。两组间嗜睡发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论脊柱骨折手术后应用帕瑞昔布钠镇痛安全有效,可增强舒芬太尼镇痛效果,减少舒芬太尼用量,提高术后镇痛质量。     

帕瑞昔布钠用于宫腔镜术后镇痛临床效果观察

宫腔镜手术具有创伤小、手术时间短、对内分泌功能影响小等优点,但患者术后仍存在一定程度的疼痛,以致影响术后恢复。帕瑞昔布钠是高选择性环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制药的前体,具有强效镇痛作用[1],且无明显不良反应[1,2]。本研究旨在比较帕瑞昔布钠和曲马多用于宫腔镜患者术后     

颈椎前路手术应用帕瑞昔布对镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨颈椎前路手术患者应用帕瑞昔布对术后镇痛的影响。方法:60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期行颈椎前路手术患者,随机分为3组:1组术前静脉注射生理盐水,2组术前静脉注射帕瑞昔布40mg,3组手术结束前30分钟静脉注射帕瑞昔布40mg。采用VAS评分测定静注帕瑞昔布后2h、4h、12h和24h的疼痛程度,以及患者对镇痛的总体满意度。结果:与1组相比,2、3组术后2h、4h、12h、24h的VAS评分降低,术后使用补救镇痛药例数显著减少,术后24h患者满意度明显提高,2组在术后4h和12h时VAS评分较3组低(P<0.05)。结论:静脉给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg可减轻颈椎前路手术后疼痛,提高术后镇痛质量,术前使用较术后使用效果更佳。     

帕瑞昔布钠在混合痔外剥内扎术后镇痛效果观察

目的:观察帕瑞昔布钠在混合痔外剥内扎术后镇痛的临床效果.方法:将104例混合痔患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各52例.观察组应用帕瑞昔布钠进行术后镇痛,对照组应用氟比洛芬酯进行术后镇痛.观察比较2组术后2h、6h、12h、24h、48h和72h疼痛程度、首次排便时间、术后当晚睡眠情况及不良反应.结果:观察组术...     

帕瑞昔布钠用于烧伤患者镇痛效果的临床研究

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠用于烧伤患者的镇痛效果.方法 烧伤患者120例,随机均分 两组:帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)麻醉前静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,对照组(C组)静注生理盐水.两组均为丙泊酚复合氯胺酮麻醉维持.记录术中谵妄、躁动发生情况,苏醒时间,氯胺酮、丙泊酚用药总量等.结果 P组谵妄、躁动例数明显少于C组(P＜0.05),苏醒时间明显短于C组(P＜0.05),轻度疼痛患者例数明显多于C组(P＜0.05),氯胺酮和丙泊酚用量均显著少于C组(P＜0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠用于烧伤患者丙泊酚复合氯胺酮麻醉能减少氯胺酮和丙泊酚用量,缓解患者术后疼痛.     

帕瑞昔布钠对神经外科术后镇痛及躁动的影响

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠用于神经外科术后镇痛和躁动的作用。方法 40例择期神经外科手术患者,随机均分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和对照组(C组),关硬脑膜后分别静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg(10 ml)或生理盐水10 ml,同时给予托烷司琼5 mg。观察血流动力学、呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、躁动发生与程度、恶心呕吐发生率,记录拔管时、拔管后5、10 min时的躁动评分(RS)及Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分;并记录术后6、12、24 h VAS、RS及RSS评分。结果注药前、注药后5、10 min两组患者MAP和HR差异无统计学意义;拔管时及拔管后5、10 min时C组MAP高于、HR快于注药前和P组(P<0.05)。拔管时及拔管后5、10 min C组RS评分明显高于、RSS评分低于P组(P<0.05)。两组患者呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、术后恶心呕吐的发生率差异均无统计学意义。术后6、12、24 h C组VAS、RS评分明显高于、RSS评分低于P组(P<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠可安全用于神经外科术后镇痛,并可有效预防躁动。     

帕瑞昔布钠对脊柱融合术后镇痛效果及肾功能的影响

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠对脊柱融合术患者术后镇痛效果及肾功能的影响。方法择期行脊柱融合手术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级,采用随机数字法分为3组,每组20例：A组麻醉诱导时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;B组手术结束前10 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;对照组C组同时点给予等容量生理盐水静脉注射。术中采用丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼...     

腹部手术后镇痛药需求量的影响因素

目的：分析腹部手术后患者自控静脉镇痛用药量的影响因素。方法选取2012年4月至2013年8月全麻下行腹部手术,术后接受48 h自控静脉镇痛的患者。记录患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、体重指数、手术方式、手术部位。术后静脉镇痛期间,记录用药剂量、静止和运动疼痛评分、镇静评分、心率、血压、脉搏氧饱和度以及不良反应。采用多元线性回归分析多个变量与用药量的关系。结果共有2829例（男性1611例,女性1218例）患者纳入分析。性别、年龄、体重和手术部位显著影响术后镇痛用药量。其中,体重影响最大且与术后镇痛用药量正相关,年龄与术后镇痛用药量负相关,女性用药量少于男性。身高、体重指数和手术方式不是术后镇痛用药量的决定因素。结论腹部手术患者实施术后自控静脉镇痛时要考虑体重、年龄、性别以及手术部位的影响,为患者制定专科化和个体化的镇痛方案。     

帕瑞昔布联合腹腔内罗哌卡因用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛

目的 观察帕瑞昔布联合腹腔内重复滴注罗哌卡因应用于腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)的术后镇痛效果.方法 选择行LC的患者60例,随机分为帕瑞昔布复合罗哌卡因(PR复合)组和对照组.PR复合组患者于气腹建立后和术后6 h,向胆囊表面、膈下喷洒0.75%罗哌卡因10 mL,在手术缝合腹壁切口前,向每个切口局部注入相同局麻药液2 ...     

帕瑞昔布钠对腰椎手术患者舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果的影响

目的:观察帕瑞昔布钠对腰椎手术患者舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果的影响.方法:择期行腰椎手术的患者40例,随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和对照组.两组术中采用相同的麻醉方法.帕瑞昔布钠组术前和第1次给药后12 h静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,对照组则静注2 ml生理盐水.术后均采用舒芬太尼自控镇痛.观察术后48 h内的视觉模拟评分(VAS评分...     

两种非甾体抗炎药物在隆乳术后镇痛中的应用

目的：观察静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠、氟比洛酚酯用于隆乳术后镇痛的效果,探讨常用非甾体抗炎药物的临床应用。方法：门诊或术后短期留院观察行硅胶假体隆乳手术患者80例,ASA I～II级。经喉罩吸入七氟醚复合小剂量芬太尼全麻术后,要求镇痛的患者随机分为芬太尼自控镇痛（F）组、静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg（P）组和凯酚100mg（K）组,拒绝实施术后镇痛的患者作为对照（C）组。观察并记录患者术后恢复室留置时间,24 h内数字疼痛评分及不良反应的发生情况。结果：四组患者在恢复室的留置时间无统计学差异;P组和K组患者术后即刻和6h疼痛评分明显低于对照组,与F组比较24 h内均无统计学差异,镇痛疗效依次为：F组〉P组〉K组〉C组;患者总体不良反应发生率依次为：P组〈K组〈C组〈F组。结论：单次静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg和氟比洛酚酯100mg疗效确切,副作用少,可为门诊隆乳手术患者提供简便、安全、有效的术后镇痛。     

Mental function in elderly men after surgery during epidural analgesia

To evaluate whether there is a difference in mental function after general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia, a homogeneous group of 40 elderly men (age between 60 and 80) undergoing transurethral prostatectomy was studied. The study was prospective, randomised and double blind. Patients with all types of complications believed to impair mental function were excluded. Long-term, short-term, verbal and visual memory were tested preoperatively, and 4 days, and 3 weeks postoperatively. In conclusion, we found a significant and equal decline in test performance on the fourth postoperative day. Three weeks postoperatively, however, both groups had returned to or exceeded preoperative levels of performance.     

比较术前和术中静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠对开胸术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛的影响

目的 评价帕瑞昔布钠对开胸术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的效果及安全性.方法 60例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期开胸手术患者随机均分为三组:Ⅰ组于切皮前15 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;Ⅱ组于缝皮时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;Ⅲ组为空白对照组.术后均采用芬太尼PCIA镇痛.记录术后2、8、24、48 h的HR、MAP、疼痛VAS评分及不良反应;记录术后24 h内PCIA的芬太尼用量.结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ组8、24 h VAS评分显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);术后24 h芬太尼用量Ⅰ组[(0.53±0.02)mg]、Ⅱ组[(0.55±0.01)mg]明显低于Ⅲ组[(0.72±0.02)mg](P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组不良反应发生率明显少于Ⅲ组(P<0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠可增强芬太尼术后镇痛效果降低不良反应发生率,不影响心血管功能,可安全用于开胸手术围术期辅助镇痛.     

Efficacy of oral rofecoxib versus intravenous ketoprofen as an adjuvant to PCA morphine after urologic surgery

BACKGROUND: Adjunctive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has become increasingly popular in the perioperative period because of their opioid-sparing effects. This randomized, controlled, double-dummy study was designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using oral rofecoxib as an alternative to intravenous ketoprofen for pain management in patients undergoing urologic surgery. METHODS: Seventy patients were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (Control) or rofecoxib 50 mg po (Rofecoxib) 1 h prior to surgery. After a standardized spinal anesthetic, patients in the Control group received ketoprofen 100 mg IV q 8 h for 24 h, while the Rofecoxib group received an equivolume of saline at 8-h intervals for 24 h. Both groups were allowed to self-administer morphine (1 mg IV boluses) using a PCA delivery system. The need for 'rescue' analgesic medication, as well as pain scores [using an 11-point verbal rating scale (VRS) (0 = none to 10-severe)], were recorded at 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24-h intervals after surgery. In addition, the incidences of side-effects were recorded at the end of the study period. RESULTS: Total amount of morphine required in the initial 24-h postoperative period was nonsignificantly reduced in the Rofecoxib group (29 +/- 2 vs. 37 +/- 4 mg). More importantly, the percentage of patients reporting moderate-to-severe pain (VRS score > or =4) during the study period was lower in the Rofecoxib group (12 vs. 22%, P < 0.05). The daily cost of rofecoxib (USD 1.14 for 50-mg dose) was also significantly less than ketoprofen (USD 3.06 for three 100-mg doses). CONCLUSION: Premedication with oral rofecoxib (50 mg) is a cost-effective alternative to the parenteral nonselective NSAID, ketoprofen (100 mg q 8 h), when used as an adjuvant to PCA morphine for pain management after urologic surgery.     

氢吗啡酮在骨科术后镇痛中应用的有效性和安全性

目的评估氢吗啡酮用于骨科术后镇痛的有效性和安全性,并与传统强阿片药舒芬太尼的镇痛效能和副作用进行比较。方法全麻下行骨科手术、术后接受24小时自控静脉镇痛患者114例。将114例患者随机分为氢吗啡酮组和舒芬太尼组,镇痛药液包含0.16 mg/ml盐酸氢吗啡酮或1μg/ml枸橼酸舒芬太尼。记录患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、手术部位、后静脉镇痛期间、记录用药剂量、静止和运动疼痛评分、镇静评分、心率、血压、脉搏氧饱和度以及不良反应。结果氢吗啡酮组患者术后各个时点患者心率(80±15)次/分,收缩压(113±15)mmHg,舒张压(65±10)mmHg,脉搏氧饱和度(98±1)%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。术后6小时氢吗啡酮组VAS评分低于舒芬太尼组,而术后18小时、24小时氢吗啡酮组VAS评分高于VAS组。术后6小时、18小时和24小时氢吗啡酮组PCA按压次数和药物用量均高于舒芬太尼组。两组患者以上指标比较差异无统计学意义。两组患者Ramsay镇静评分均为2(2,2),也未出现术后镇痛相关的呼吸抑制。氢吗啡酮组患者术后恶心呕吐和眩晕的发生率分别为7.1%和1.9%,与舒芬太尼组比较差异无统计学意义。两组患者对术后镇痛的满意度均为5(4,5)。结论氢吗啡酮可以安全有效地用于成人骨科术后静脉自控镇痛,0.16mg/ml盐酸氢吗啡酮与1μg/ml枸橼酸舒芬太尼的镇痛效能和不良反应相似。     

Evaluation of costs and effects of epidural analgesia and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after major abdominal surgery

Background. The outcome of different treatment strategies forpostoperative pain has been an issue of controversy. Apart fromefficacy and effectiveness a policy decision should also considercost-effectiveness. Since economic analyses on postoperativepain treatment are rare we developed a decision model in a pilotcost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) comparing epidural analgesia(EDA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) aftermajor abdominal surgery in routine care. Methods. Using a decision-tree model, treatment with EDA (ropivacaineand morphine) was compared with PCIA (morphine). Effects andcosts of treatment were established. The number of pain-freedays at rest (pain intensity <30 using visual analogue scale1–100 mm) was the primary measure of effect. An incrementalcost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated as the differencein direct costs divided by the difference in effect. A databaseon 644 patients collected for the purpose of quality controlduring the period of 1997 to 1999 was the main data source.Sensitivity analysis was used to test uncertain data. Results. EDA was more effective in terms of pain-free days butmore expensive. The additional cost for each pain-free day was5652 Euros. Conclusion. It is a judgement of value if the additional costis reasonable. When the cost of around 55 000 Euros per gainedlife-year with full health for other interventions is debated,our result indicates poor cost-effectiveness for EDA. Beforeany conclusion can be drawn concerning policy recommendationsthe difference in costs has to be related to other outcome measuresas length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality are required.