老年Stanford B 型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及腔内隔绝疗效分析

目的:总结老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征,分析老年患者施行腔内隔绝术的疗效及安全性。方法: 2002年4月~2010年10月入院并接受主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者210例,其中包括62例老年患者（老年组,年龄≥60岁）及148例非老年患者（非老年组,年龄<60岁）。对两组患者的临床特征、主动脉腔内隔绝术手术结果以及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果: 老年组冠心病比例高于非老年组（P<0.01）。外伤、马方综合征、多发性大动脉炎均见于非老年组,动脉粥样硬化溃疡型夹层仅见于老年组,但两组病因构成无统计学差异。老年组以胸背部疼痛为表现者低于非老年组,以下肢疼痛和呼吸困难为表现及并发心功能不全者均高于非老年组（均P<0.01）。两组患者高血压病程、术前及术后最高收缩压、降压药种类数无统计学差异。非老年组术前及术后最高舒张压均高于老年组（P<0.05）。两组腔内隔绝术成功率均为100%。两组残余内漏、主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征、切口感染发生率、院内死亡率无统计学差异。老年组术后胸背部疼痛发生率高于非老年组（P<0.01）。两组随访时间、总随访率、影像随访率、随访期间胸背部疼痛发生率、内漏发生率、截瘫发生率、血压控制不达标比例、主动脉夹层相关病死率无统计学差异。两组影像随访患者主动脉重构发生率均为100%。老年组全因病死率高于非老年组（P<0.05）。结论: 对于临床症状不典型的老年主动脉夹层患者需提高警惕,以免延误诊治。在有经验的中心对老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者施行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗是安全而有效的。     

StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗的经验探讨

目的探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术在治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（aorticdissection，AD）的价值。方法回顾性分析我院2005—2008年行腔内隔绝术的17例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的资料。结果所有患者均完成带膜支架置入，术后1个月CTA随访14例假腔完全血栓化，夹层破裂死亡1例，出现新发破口2例，内漏1例。结论带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层是一种安全有效的方法，但术前破口定位。术中真腔确认及支架定位是手术成功的关键。     

腔内隔绝术治疗112例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者疗效观察

目的评价主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的院内及长期临床疗效。方法选择行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者112例。经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后冠状动脉造影检查证实疗效,术后随访平均(39±18)个月。分析其临床特点及疗效。结果手术成功112例,共置入覆膜支架119枚。左锁骨下动脉完全被封闭8例,合并严重狭窄病变的冠心病患者完成PCI 16例,主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征19例,术后1个月内夹层破裂死亡3例。随访3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。术后明显残余内漏10例,3个月自行封闭。术后6个月,再发升主动脉夹层3例,其中行升主动脉外科手术1例,截瘫1例,胃癌多器官转移死亡1例。术后1年迟发性内漏1例。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的院内及长期疗效满意。     

主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗老年急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床观察

目的:观察主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗老年急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的疗效。方法:32例老年急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者分为2组,接受主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗的24例患者为治疗组;采用内科方法治疗的8例患者为对照组,比较2组患者存活出院率。结果:在老年急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者中,治疗组存活出院率方面明显优于对照组(83.33%vs 25.00%,P0.01)。结论:对老年急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,采用主动脉腔内隔绝术可以提高患者存活出院率。     

老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及腔内隔绝疗效分析

目的总结老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征,评价对老年患者施行腔内隔绝术的疗效及安全性。方法 2002年4月至2010年10月期间入院并接受主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者210例,其中包括62例老年患者(年龄≥60岁)及148例非老年患者(年龄<60岁)。对两组患者的临床特征、主动脉腔内隔绝术手术结果以及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果老年组冠心病比例高于非老年组(P<0.05)。外伤、马方综合征、多发性大动脉炎均见于非老年组,动脉粥样硬化溃疡型夹层仅见于老年组,但两组病因构成无统计学差异。老年组以胸背部疼痛为表现者低于非老年组,以下肢疼痛和呼吸困难为表现及合并心功能不全者均高于非老年组(均P<0.05)。两组患者高血压病程、术前及术后最高收缩压、降压药种类数无统计学差异。非老年组术前及术后最高舒张压均高于老年组(P<0.05)。两组腔内隔绝术成功率均为100%。两组残余内漏、主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征、切口感染发生率、院内死亡率无统计学差异。老年组术后胸背部疼痛发生率高于非老年组(P<0.05)。两组随访时间、总随访率、影像随访率、随访期间胸背部疼痛发生率、内漏发生率、截瘫发生率、血压控制不达标比例、主动脉夹层相关死亡率无统计学差异。两组影像随访患者主动脉重塑发生率均为100%。老年组全因死亡率高于非老年组(P<0.05)。结论对于临床症状不典型的老年主动脉夹层患者需提高警惕,以免延误诊治。在有经验的中心对老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者施行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗是安全而有效的。     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层20例经验总结

目的总结应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝技术治疗胸主动脉夹层的经验。方法回顾性分析20例行覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的胸主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、手术结果、术后并发症和随访情况。结果20例手术即刻成功率为100％（20／20）,术后住院（5．0±1．3）d。术后并发症包括1例行升主动脉至头臂干及左颈总动脉旁路术加支架植入,术后发生脑梗死,5例出现中度以上发热．1例出现肾功能衰竭,4例术后出现左侧胸痛,均经对症治疗后康复出院。随访CT检查1年-4年,未出现脊髓损伤、支架移位、锁骨下动脉窃血等,随访存活率为95％（19／20）,1例术后半年支架末端与主动脉移行处的主动脉又出现动脉夹层,发生血管破裂死亡。结论覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗Stanford B型和部分Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层的有效方法。     

老年和非老年B 型主动脉夹层临床特点及腔内隔绝术临床疗效比较

目的比较老年和非老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特点及腔内隔绝术的临床疗效。方法 2002年5月至2008年7月,124例B型主动脉夹层住院患者接受腔内隔绝术治疗。根据年龄分为老年组(≥60岁,n=39)与非老年组(<60岁,n=85)。随访1～78个月,平均(25.7±17.3)个月。分析其临床和影像资料。比较两组患者腔内隔绝术的近期和远期疗效。结果与非老年组相比,老年组冠心病、不典型夹层及吸烟比率高,而肥胖、饮酒发病率低。长期随访显示,老年组与非老年组主动脉夹层并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(15.8%vs 10.0%,P=0.36)。长期随访发现,两组合并冠心病者,行覆膜支架联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后,并发症发生率差异亦无统计学意义(12.5%vs 10.0%,P=1.00)。结论老年与非老年患者有不同的发病危险因素和临床特点,及时干预危险因素可以降低主动脉夹层的发生。腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层安全有效,其术后并发症与患病年龄无关,可以作为主动脉夹层首选治疗方法。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层的腔内隔绝治疗体会

随着影像学的发展,主动脉夹层的病例越来越多,应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术已成为治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的首选方法。我院于2006年1月至2009年10月应用腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层26例,效果良好,现报道如下。     

主动脉夹层急性期院内死亡相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨急性主动脉夹层（AD）住院死亡的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析114例我院2007年8月~2011年8月AD住院患者的临床资料,对部分相关因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：114例主动脉夹层患者中Stanford A型主动脉夹层72例（63.16%）,StanfordB型主动脉夹层42例（36.84%）,平均年龄（59.41±12.59）岁,男女性别比2.8：1;急性期院内病死率25.44%;多因素Logistic分析显示,吸烟史（OR=11.156,P〈0.001）和入院舒张压偏低（OR=6.146,P=0.013）为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的危险因素,知晓患有高血压（OR=0.230,P=0.021）和手术或介入（OR=0.066,P=0.002）为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的保护因素。结论：吸烟史和入院舒张压偏低为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的危险因素,知晓患有高血压和主动脉弓置换手术或腔内介入隔绝术为独立的主动脉夹层急性期死亡保护因素。     

女性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及预后分析

目的观察女性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及预后, 并分析预后相关因素。方法本研究为单中心回顾性研究, 连续入选2002年6月至2021年8月于北部战区总医院诊治的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者, 依据性别进行分组。收集患者不同时期的临床及主动脉影像学资料, 记录住院期间和出院后30 d内及1、5年全因死亡(按死亡时间分为院内死亡、院外死亡, 其中院内死亡包括术前死亡、术中死亡和术后死亡;按死亡原因分为主动脉原性死亡、心原性死亡及其他原性死亡)、卒中、主动脉相关不良事件等的发生情况。30 d内主动脉相关不良事件包括新发截瘫、腔内修复术后综合征及主动脉原性死亡;远期(出院后1年及以上)主动脉相关不良事件包括主动脉原性死亡、再发主动脉夹层、主动脉覆膜支架内漏及远端溃疡事件。对比不同性别组的临床特征及预后差异。在不同性别组中分别采用logistic回归分析探索临床因素与30 d内全因死亡的相关性。结果共纳入1 094例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者, 年龄(53.9±12.1)岁, 其中男性861例(78.7%), 女性233例(21.3%)。(1)临床特征:与男...     

早期主动脉内带膜支架植入治疗改善Ⅲ型主动脉夹层患者的近期预后

目的 研究早期行主动脉带膜支架治疗Ⅲ型主动脉夹层患者是否能改善其近期生存率.方法 入选Ⅲ型主动脉夹层患者,随访1个月,对比早期（14 d内）行主动脉带膜支架治疗组及标准治疗组（14 d内未行主动脉带膜支架治疗）近期（1个月）的生存率.结果 早期行主动脉带膜支架植入术患者近期生存率为100％,早期未行主动脉带膜支架植入术患者生存率为50％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.02）.结论 早期行主动脉带膜支架治疗可明显提高Ⅲ型主动脉夹层患者的生存率.     

Retrograde type A dissection after endovascular stent grafting of type B dissection

Acute aortic dissection is a disease with high mortality. Whereas acute dissection of the ascending aorta (Standford type A) is treated surgically, acute dissection of Stanford type B (descending aorta) is principally treated conservatively, but surgically in case of complications. Recently, another therapeutical option for the treatment of type B dissection has been developed using endovascular stent-grafts. We report on a 64-year-old woman with typical signs of acute aortic dissection. Computer tomography and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated Stanford type B dissection. The patient was treated with an endovascular stent-graft, because of malperfusion of the right leg and chest pain. After successful closure of the entry by the stent, the patient developed acute right-sided hemiplegia one day after the intervention due to retrograde dissection into the aortic arch and ascending aorta. Upon immediate operation, the origin of the initially type B dissection was still sufficiently occluded by the endovascular stent-graft; however, there was another entry between the innominate artery and the left carotic artery near one proximal end of the stent's strut. Using deep hypothermia and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, the ascending aorta and proximal arch were replaced with a 28 mm Dacron-Velour tube and the aortic root was remodelled with a tongue-shaped Dacron graft preserving the valve cusps according to a modified Yacoub procedure. After the operation, neurological symptoms diminished and the patient could walk on the ward on day eleven. This case demonstrates retrograde type A dissection as a complication after interventional treatment of type B dissection using an endovascular stent-graft. The reason for this delayed complication is speculative. Aortic wall damage during stent inserting could be a possible cause. It is also likely that the patient initially had type B dissection with retrograde dissection of the distal part of the aortic arch. Therefore, one of the straight struts of the proximal end of the stent may have caused additional damage to the vulnerable dissected aortic wall in the arch, leading to retrograde type A dissection. Careful patient selection, detailed diagnosis of the aortic arch, improved stent designs and materials, especially regarding the stent's ends and careful insertion of the stent into the aortic arch, could contribute to prevention of the described problems.     

160例主动脉壁内血肿的临床分析及中期随访

目的 分析总结主动脉壁内血肿的临床特点、诊断、治疗和中期随访结果.方法 回顾性分析从2009年1月至2012年10月我院160例经多排增强CT确诊的主动脉壁内血肿的临床资料,并进行随访.结果 160例主动脉壁内血肿患者,男性96例,女性64例,平均年龄（59.9±9）岁;136例（85％）有高血压病史,154例（96.3％）有急性胸背痛.全部病例均行多排增强CT发现异常征象,其中Stanford A型35例、Stanford B型124例.101例行内科药物治疗,53例行主动脉腔内覆膜支架术,6例Stanford A型行外科手术治疗.共随访148例,平均随访时间（10.26±6.32）个月,死亡4例,3例为Stanford A型,1例为Stanford B型,均为药物治疗患者,行主动脉腔内覆膜支架术及外科手术的患者均恢复满意.结论 多排增强CT可确诊主动脉壁内血肿,提高该病的早期诊断,并有助于选择合适的治疗方法,改善预后.对于Stanford A型患者,外科手术治疗可降低死亡率,对大多数B型主动脉壁内血肿患者,药物治疗效果好,介入覆膜支架对有破裂风险的高危患者临床效果满意.     

Underlying aortic pathology and clinical health status determine success of endovascular stent-grafting for descending thoracic aortic disease.

Despite advances in medical and surgical treatment, acute as well as chronic diseases of the thoracic aorta are still associated with a high mortality. For the descending thoracic aorta, endovascular stent-graft placement competes with surgical therapy for clinical outcome. From July 1999 till December 2004, a total of 84 patients (64 +/- 14 years) with aortic disease of the descending thoracic aorta were treated. Nine patients had acute (AAD) and 35 chronic aortic dissection (AD), 16 had thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA), 21 had penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), and 3 patients had traumatic dissection (trans). Initial clinical status was assessed using the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. Fifty-three patients were in class 2, 16 in class 3, 8 in class 4, and 7 in class 5. Stent-graft placement was performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with the patient under general anesthesia. Technical success was obtained in 81/84 patients (96%). Within 30 days, seven patients (8%) died, four of them due to aortic rupture. In 14 patients, additional stent-grafts had to be implanted due to type I endovascular leakage (n = 5) or additional entry site adding up to a total of 107 implanted stent-grafts. During a follow-up period of 21 +/- 18 months, 17 additional patients died (22%). In 10 patients, death was disease- or procedure-related (13%). This long-term mortality depended on the underlying disease and was highest in the group with TAA (45%) followed by AAD (38%) and AD (18%). Patients in ASA class 4 and 5 had a significantly worse outcome. No aortic-related death occurred among patients with PAU or traumatic transsections. Overall, there was only one transient neurological deficit. Endovascular stent-graft placement has acceptable results in the treatment of patients with disease of the descending thoracic aorta. The outcome strongly depends on the underlying aortic pathology and the clinical health status of the patients. Randomized trials are necessary in order to establish the exact value of this new therapeutic option.     

Endovascular stent-grafts for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection: comparison of clinical outcomes

Within the recent months, endovascular repair of aor- tic aneurysms has become a rather interesting alternative to patients considering open surgery. In the past, the proce- dure was typically and more solely reserved to a selected group of elderly patients with several co-morbidities. Currently, there are a number of ongoing trials that are com-     

Stent-grafts in patients with marfan syndrome.

PURPOSE: To explore the safety and feasibility of stent-graft placement in the dissected descending thoracic aorta of patients with Marfan syndrome. METHODS: Six consecutive patients (4 men; mean age 33+/-15 years, range 24-61) with Marfan syndrome were offered endovascular repair for dissection after previous aortic root repair in 5 and solitary type B dissection in 1. RESULTS: Transluminal placement of customized Talent stent-grafts was technically successful in all patients, with no 30-day or 1-year intervention-related mortality. Complete abolition of the dissection and reconstruction of the entire dissected aorta was documented in 2 patients. Over a mean 51+/-22-month follow-up (range 12-74), elective conversion to surgical repair was necessary in 2 patients at 22 and 43 months after stent-graft implantation. In a third patient, conversion to surgery is being considered at 74 months after stent-grafting. One patient died suddenly 12 months after endovascular repair. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical reconstruction of postsurgical distal aortic dissection in patients with Marfan syndrome is feasible and technically successful. Stent-graft placement may either avoid or bridge to repeat surgery of distal aortic dissections after previous aortic root repair. Technical expertise and close postinterventional surveillance appear mandatory and may limit the procedure to centers of competence for aortic diseases.     

Feasibility of real-time magnetic resonance-guided stent-graft placement in a swine model of descending aortic dissection.

AIMS: To evaluate the pre-clinical feasibility of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) to guide stent-graft placement for experimental aortic dissection (AD) and to alleviate disadvantages of ionising radiation and nephrotoxic contrast media. Endovascular stent-graft placement for thoracic aortic disease is usually performed under X-ray guidance. The feasibility of rtMRI-guided stent-graft placement is currently not known. METHODS AND RESULTS: By using a catheter-based technique, dissections of the descending thoracic aorta were successfully created in eight domestic pigs. Subsequent implantation of commercially available, nitinol-based stent-grafts was performed entirely under rtMRI guidance. By pre-interventional MRI, the mean minimal true-lumen diameter was 0.9 (0.825-0.975) cm. rtMRI permitted not only the successful and safe device navigation within the true lumen from the iliac arteries to the thoracic aorta, but also the precise positioning and deployment of the stent-graft and safe withdrawal of the delivery catheter in seven of eight pigs. This was achieved without any other complications. After the stent-graft placement, MRI demonstrated complete obliteration of the false lumen, which was confirmed at autopsy. All stent-grafts were well expanded resulting in an increase in the size of the true-lumen diameter to 2.05 (1.925-2.1) cm (P=0.066 vs. baseline). CONCLUSION: In experimental AD, rtMRI-guided endovascular stent-graft placement is feasible and safe and has the potential for mitigating radiation and contrast-related side effects. Additionally, it allows not only pre-interventional diagnosis and detailed anatomic diagnosis, but also permits immediate post-interventional, anatomical, and functional delineation of procedure success that may serve as a baseline for future comparison during follow-up.     

Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic disease: mid-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term follow-up in a cohort of patients with acute or chronic descending aortic disease treated by stent-graft repair. BACKGROUND: Since 1999, endovascular stent-graft placement has been reported as an alternative treatment to surgical approach for a variety of thoracic aortic diseases; however, results beyond initial short-term follow-up are not widely available for the broad range of applications. METHODS: From March 2001, 43 consecutive patients with traumatic aortic transection (group A = 16) and complicated type B aortic dissection or aneurysm (group B = 27) underwent stent-graft implantation. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scan as preoperative assessment and in 26 a transesophageal echo (TEE) exam was performed. RESULTS: Technically successful stent-graft deployment was achieved in all patients. No patient required surgical conversion and no cases of paraplegia occurred. The overall in-hospital mortality was 9.3%. A residual endoleak (type II) was detected in one group B patient who was managed conservatively. The mean follow-up was 29 +/- 8 months (range 10-48 months). No patient died during late follow-up after hospital discharge. At 12 months, one patient (2.5%) who had stent graft repair of an aortic dissection developed an asymptomatic type I endoleak. Three asymptomatic patients with chronic dissection had a persistent retrograde perfusion of the thoracic false lumen via a distal tear(s) in the dissection septum. CONCLUSION: Our results of stent-graft treatment of complicated and uncomplicated diseases of the descending aorta confirms that this alternative to open repair is a safe, less invasive, and relatively low risk approach. Medium-term follow-up results suggest that it is effective and durable therapy with low associated mortality and morbidity rates.     

急性期Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后早、中期随访结果

目的 评价急性期StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层(TAD)腔内修复术后早、中期手术效果.方法 2009年11月至2012年6月完成80例急性期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术,手术在发病72 h内完成.手术前行胸腹主动脉夹层强化CT检查,在DSA手术室全麻下切开股动脉进行支架置入术,出院前进行CTA检查,手术后半年至一年内复查CTA.结果 14例患者手术后失去随访.5例术后造影提示有Ⅰ型内漏,4例1年内复查消失或造影剂溢出量明显减少,1例手术后仍有明显Ⅰ型内漏,1年后接受再次支架手术成功.其余支架安装后造影显示破口封闭,无内漏.住院期间死亡2例,1例为高龄患者降主动脉破裂,1例为夹层逆行撕裂至升主动脉后破裂.住院期间发生严重低氧血症8例,急性肾功能不全6例,均经治疗后恢复.结论 急性期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层进行腔内修复术,术后早期并发症发生率高,中期效果理想.