地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于老年人腹部手术术后镇痛的疗效

地佐辛近来已广泛应用于临床及术后镇痛,但地佐辛用于老年人术后镇痛的报道尚少.本文将地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于老年人腹部手术术后镇痛,取得了较好的效果. 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料择期全麻行腹部手术的老年患者40例,男22例,女18例,年龄60~78岁,ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ,无明显心血管系统及神经系统疾病史.无服用其他镇痛药物史.手术包括胃癌根治术、胆囊切除术、脾切除术、直肠癌根治术等.随机分成舒芬太尼组(SF组),地佐辛-舒芬太尼组(DS组),每组20例.两组患者的性别、年龄及体重等一般情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).见表1.     

地佐辛联合舒芬太尼在老年髋关节置换术后镇痛中的作用

<正>髋关节置换术需要给予良好的镇痛措施。舒芬太尼单独应用较多,但其不良反应不得不引起重视〔1〕,而新型混合型阿片类受体激动-拮抗剂地佐辛不良反应较少,却存在着封顶效应,单独应用存在一定的局限。这两种药物联合于术后镇痛逐渐增多。本文对我科行髋关节置换手术的老年患者术后给予地佐辛联合舒芬太尼联合镇痛,临床效果显著。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本研究已获得医院伦理委员会批准。选取自2011年1月至2014年10月来我院行髋关节置换手术的老年     

地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于甲状腺癌术后自控静脉镇痛效果对比

目的 观察比较地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于甲状腺癌术后自控静脉镇痛效果.方法 将60例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行甲状腺癌手术患者,随机分为地佐辛组(D组)和舒芬太尼组(S组),各30例,术后行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),D组:地佐辛20 mg、昂丹司琼16 mg用0.9％氯化钠稀释至100 ml;S组:舒芬太尼100μg、昂丹司琼16mg用0.9％氯化钠稀释至100 ml.观察记录两组术后4、8、12、24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分(Ramsay)及24 h内不良反应情况和有效PCA按压次数.结果 两组VAS评分、有效PCA按压次数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);D组8、12、24 hRamsay镇静评分及术后不良反应明显优于S组(P＜0.05).结论 地佐辛用于甲状腺癌手术PCIA的镇痛效果确切可靠且不良反应少.     

地佐辛与舒芬太尼应用于老年妇科腹腔镜手术术后镇痛的比较

目的探讨地佐辛与舒芬太尼应用于老年妇科腹腔镜手术术后静脉镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法将80例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的老年患者,年龄65~75岁,随机分为地佐辛组、舒芬太尼组,每组40例,术后行PCIA。两组分别给予地佐辛0.8 mg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼5 mg加生理盐水稀释至100 ml;舒芬太尼2.5μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼5 mg加生理盐水稀释至100 ml。观察两组患者术后1、2、4、8、12、24、48 h视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静程度评分(Ramesy)、48 h内患者不良反应情况。结果两组用药均能提供良好的术后镇痛,两组患者总的PCA按压次数差异无统计学意义。地佐辛组患者术后不良反应发生率低于舒芬太尼组(P0.05)。结论地佐辛用于老年患者妇科腹腔镜手术术后的PCIA镇痛效果与舒芬太尼相当,但不良反应较少。     

食管癌根治术后地佐辛与舒芬太尼联合用于自控镇痛效果观察

目的研究对比食管癌根治术后应用不同剂量地佐辛联合舒芬太尼进行自控静脉镇痛的临床效果和安全性。方法拟行食管癌根治术患者90例,随机分为舒芬太尼组（SF组,n=30）、地佐辛1组（D1组,n=30）、地佐辛2组（D2组,n=30）三组。SF组镇痛泵有效配方为舒芬太尼2．0μg／kg,D1组为舒芬太尼1．0μg／kg加地佐辛0．35mg／kg,D2组为舒芬太尼1．0μg／kg加地佐辛0．5mg／kg。观察三组患者术后镇痛期间镇痛效果VAS和镇静程度Ramsay评分及不良反应发生情况。结果三组VAS差异无统计学意义;但D1、D2组Ramsay评分低于SF组,不良发生率低于SF组（P〈0．05）。结论地佐辛0．35mg／kg联合舒芬太尼1．0μg／k用于食管癌根治术后静脉自控镇痛效果确切,不良反应小,同时具有较高的性价比。     

舒芬太尼对婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后血清β-内啡肽水平的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究不同剂量舒芬太尼对婴幼儿先天性心脏病（先心病）术后血清β-内啡肽水平的影响。方法 选取我院2017年1月至2019年3月先心病开胸手术后心排指数（cardiac index，CI）低于3.0的患儿32例，年龄2.0月~12.6月，中位数5.9（3.2，6.7）月；体质量2.8kg ~8.6kg，均数（6.0±1.8）kg。术后经中心静脉导管持续输入舒芬太尼镇痛治疗，按照舒芬太尼剂量高低将患儿随机分为A组［舒芬太尼0.1ug?kg-1?h-1+咪达唑仑100 ug?kg-1?h-1］和B组［舒芬太尼0.2 ug?kg-1?h-1+咪达唑仑100 ug?kg-1?h-1］。于手术前：麻醉诱导后行气管插管、动脉穿刺、中心静脉置管后，未行开胸手术操作时（T0）、术后即刻（T1）、4h（T2）、8h（T3）、12h（T4）、24h（T5）共6个时间点由中心静脉导管抽取静脉全血离心后送检血清β-内啡肽，于T1-T5时间点记录患儿FLACC镇痛评分、RAMSAY镇静评分，于T1-T5时间点记录患儿心率、收缩压、舒张压、中心静脉压(central venous pressure，CVP)、CI、体循环血管阻力指数（systemic vascular resistance index，SVRI）、血管活性药物评分（vasoactive-inotropic score，VIS），分析比较两组患儿以上各项指标在各时间点有无统计学差异。结果 两组患儿年龄、性别、体质量、体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。B组术后各时间点的β-内啡肽水平均低于A组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患儿FLACC（face，legs，activity,，cry，consolability）镇痛评分、RAMSAY镇静评分的组间比较，在术后各时间点差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组术后即刻收缩压（102.2±11.2）mmHg高于B组（88.8±16.6）mmHg，差异有统计学意义（t=2.689，P=0.012）；两组心率、收缩压、舒张压、CVP、CI、SVRI、VIS组间比较，在其余时间点差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于先心病术后婴幼儿，应用不同剂量舒芬太尼达到满意的镇痛镇静评分及平稳的血流动力学状态时，血清β-内啡肽却显示出不同水平。术后早期选择0.1 ug?kg-1?h-1剂量时血清-β内啡肽分泌过多，而应用0.2 ug?kg-1?h-1剂量时将过度抑制血清β-内啡肽的产生。     

舒芬太尼应用于非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后镇痛效果的研究

目的:评价舒芬太尼应用于非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后镇痛的效果。方法:选择行OPCABG术患者130例,随机分成2组,试验组:舒芬太尼(Sufentanil)镇痛组(A组,n=65例)和对照组:地佐辛(Dezocin)镇痛组(B组,n=65例)。A组静脉持续输注舒芬太尼镇痛液2 mL/h,2.5μg/mL,B组持续静脉输注地佐辛镇痛液2 mL/h,25μg/mL。观察指标:疼痛评分:术后16 h、24 h、48 h、拔除镇痛泵后12 h,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行镇痛效果评分、镇静效果评分(Ramsay)。结果:1.手术后VAS法评分:2组都在4分以下,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2.手术后2组患者的镇静评分(Ramsay评分):差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔泵以后舒芬组有5例轻微躁动,地佐辛组有3例,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3.2组患者PCA次数在手术后16 h:地佐辛组比舒芬太尼组多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4.镇痛期间不良反应:2组患者恶心、呕吐、尿储留的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组中有17例患者有眩晕,B组中有9例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼用于OPCABG患者术后镇痛效果优于地佐辛,其恶心、呕吐、尿潴留的发生率差异无统计学意义,但患者术后眩晕的发生率舒芬太尼高于地佐辛。     

喷他佐辛与舒芬太尼对腹腔镜胆囊切除老年患者术后自控静脉镇痛的效果

<正>腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有创伤小的优点,但多数老年人对手术创伤敏感,腹腔镜手术术后腹痛除了与手术创伤有关,还与气腹有关。老年人胸壁顺应性及肺泡弹性降低,呼吸功能减退,由于疼痛不愿翻身、咳嗽,容易发生肺部感染。本研究比较腹腔镜胆囊切除老年患者应用喷他佐辛与舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果。     

舒芬太尼用于术后自控静脉镇痛最佳剂量探讨

2006年6月～2007年2月,我们对60例患者术后采用舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）,现探讨其最佳剂量。     

高血压患者术后舒芬太尼静脉镇痛的疗效观察

目的:观察舒芬太尼用于高血压患者术后静脉镇痛的效应。方法:合并轻中度高血压病择期手术患者30例,全麻手术后随机分为对照(C)组、舒芬太尼镇痛(S)组和芬太尼镇痛(F)组,各10例。分别记录三组手术前(T0)、术毕气管拔管后10 min(T1)、术后1 h(T2)6、h(T3)2、4 h(T4)4、8 h(T5)各时点的HR、BP、SpO2的变化以及视觉模糊评分(VAS)和镇静评分。观察三组术后追加镇痛药的次数,术后降压药应用的情况,以及恶心、呕吐和呼吸抑制的发生率。结果:S和F组各时段VAS评分均低于C组,S组评分<3分多于F组;镇静评分达2分者S组>F组>C组。T2、T3时点S组HR、BP低于F组和C组,有显著性差异P<0.05。术后S组血流动力学稳定,C组术后应用佩尔地平降压者超过60%,F组应用降压药者占30%。C组全部(10例)需要间断注射哌替啶镇痛,F组需要追加镇痛药有2例,S组无追加镇痛药者。结论:舒芬太尼和芬太尼均能有效控制高血压患者术后疼痛,而舒芬太尼镇痛、镇静效果优于芬太尼,能有效地保持其术后血流动力学的稳定,故为高血压患者术后安全、有效的镇痛剂。     

儿童先天性心脏病介入治疗术后镇痛研究进展

介入手术治疗是目前先天性心脏病患儿常见的临床治疗方式之一，但术后不仅会加快患儿心率、增加血压和氧消耗量，而且因疼痛引起的咳嗽还会引起肺不张和低氧血症等并发症的发生，不利于患儿术后的康复，并严重影响患儿及其家长的生活质量。本文就儿童先天性心脏病介入治疗术后影响疼痛发生的因素、术后疼痛对机体的影响以及目前常用的术后镇痛的方法等进行文献综述     

同种带瓣管道在儿童先心病治疗中的应用

目的 :报告应用同种带瓣管道 (VHC)在儿童先心病治疗中的经验。方法 :全组 12例患儿男 7例 ,女 5例。平均年龄 7.5 (2 .2～ 13)岁 ,平均体重 2 1(12 .5～ 32 )kg。病种包括右室双出口 5例 ,共同动脉干 2例 ,矫正性大动脉转位合并室缺 2例 ,完全性大动脉转位 1例 ,法乐四联症合并肺动脉闭锁 1例 ,主动脉瓣关闭不全 1例。主动脉VHC应用 2例 ,肺动脉VHC应用 10例 ,均用于右室流出道重建。结果 :本组病例无手术死亡。平均随访 9.5 (3～ 19)个月 ,死亡 1例。存活患儿心功能明显改善 ,超声心动图检查显示吻合口无狭窄 ,VHC管腔通畅 ,瓣膜无明显返流。结论 :本组结果表明VHC是儿童先心病右室流出道重建的理想材料。     

地佐辛复合芬太尼用于老年心脏病患者非心脏手术后镇痛效果的观察

目的:观察地佐辛复合芬太尼用于老年心脏病患者非心脏手术后镇痛效果及不良反应。方法:60例美国麻醉学家协会(ASA)II或III级择期行全麻手术合并高血压及缺血性心脏病老年患者,随机分为两组:芬太尼组(F组),芬太尼16μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼10 mg+0.9%氯化钠液至总量100mL;芬太尼复合地佐辛组(FD组),芬太尼8μg/kg+地佐辛0.4 mg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼10 mg+0.9%氯化钠液至总量100 mL。两组患者镇痛液负荷量为5 mL,经静脉注射自控镇痛(PCIA)镇痛泵维持量2mL/h,追加量0.5 mL,锁定时间15 min。记录术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h及48h的视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Ramsay镇静评分、生命体征、术后各时段镇痛效果与镇痛泵按压次数及不良反应。结果:F组与FD组术后各时点VAS评分均<3分,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);F组术后8 h、12 h及24 h的Ramsay镇静评分明显高于FD组(P<0.05);镇痛期间不良反应发生率FD组低于F组(P<0.05)。结论:地佐辛复合芬太尼用于老年心脏病患者非心脏手术后镇痛治疗,其镇痛效果良好,不良反应发生率低。     

Efficacy and safety of carvedilol for heart failure in children and patients with congenital heart disease

There have been few reports describing the use of carvedilol in children or patients with congenital heart disease. Therefore, its optimal regimen, efficacy, and safety in these patients have not been adequately investigated. Subjects were 27 patients with two functioning ventricles, for whom carvedilol was initiated (from December 2001 to December 2005) to treat heart failure. All patients had failed to respond to conventional cardiac medication. They consisted of 12 males and 15 females, aged 23 days to 47 years (median age: 2 years). Heart failure due to ischemia (myocardial infarction, intraoperative ischemic event) or due to myocardial disease (cardiomyopathy, myocarditis), and heart failure with atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia represented 70% of all cases. Carvedilol was initiated at a dose of 0.02–0.05 mg/kg/day, which was increased by 0.05–0.1 mg/kg/day after 2 days, 0.1 mg/kg/day after 5 days, and 0.05–0.1 mg/kg/day every month thereafter with a target dose of 0.8 mg/kg/day. This study retrospectively assessed the efficacy and adverse reactions based on changes of symptoms, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP)/b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) blood levels. The mean follow-up period was 10.2 months (range: 1–46 months). Twenty-six (96.3%) patients showed improvement in symptoms and were discharged from the hospital. However, the remaining one patient failed to respond and died. Significant cardiovascular adverse reaction was seen in none of the patients. The mean CTR decreased from 61.8% ± 5.3% before treatment to 57.6% ± 7.4% after treatment (P < 0.05, n = 25), and the mean LVEF improved from 41.4% ± 23.1% to 61.1% ± 10.1% (P < 0.05, n = 10), respectively. Mean hANP and BNP levels showed a decrease from 239.1 pg/ml to 118.3 pg/ml and a significant decrease from 437.9 pg/ml to 120.5 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.05, n = 10). Improvements in these data were also demonstrated when analyzed individually among the pediatric group (aged younger than 18) and the congenital heart disease group. Initiation of carvedilol at a lower dose with more gradual dose escalation, compared with previously reported regimens, might have efficacy with low incidence of adverse effects in pediatric patients and patients with congenital heart disease. Carvedilol may be effective in treating heart failure in children due to ischemia, myocardial disease, and complicated by tachyarrhythmia.     

西地那非在儿童先天性心脏病相关性肺动脉高压中的应用

目的:观察西地那非治疗先天性心脏病(CHD)相关性肺动脉高压(PAH)儿童患者的安全性和有效性。方法:选择13例年龄<18岁的CHD合并PAH的患者,口服西地那非每次0.25～1mg/kg,3次/d进行治疗。对比患者用药前后的6 min步行试验距离(6 MWT)、平均肺动脉压力(mPAP)、肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)、肺循环与体循环平均压比率(Pp/Ps)及肺循环与体循环阻力比率(Rp/Rs)的变化。结果:13例服药患者平均随访(9.5±6.2)个月,6 MWT平均增加(47.36±15.7)m,P<0.05。其中11例分别行用药前后的心导管检查,检查结果示mPAP从(87.1±8.4)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(82.2±3.7)mmHg,P=0.1;PVRI从(24.5±7.4)Wood units m2降至(20.3±5.4)Wood units m2,P<0.05;Pp/Ps从(0.99±0.09)降至(0.89±0.05),P<0.05;Rp/Rs从(0.91±0.25)降至(0.86±0.17),P=0.5。所有患者服药期间无明显不良反应及肝肾功能异常。结论:西地那非在CHD相关性PAH儿童患者中应用是安全的,能显著改善患者的活动耐量,降低肺血管阻力。     

Effect of prostaglandin E1 inhalation on pulmonary hypertension following corrective surgery for congenital heart disease

BACKGROUND:

Intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the efficacy and safety of inhaled PGE1 is unclear.

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the effect of inhaled PGE1 on PAH following corrective surgery for congenital heart disease.

METHODS:

Sixty patients with postoperative residual PAH following corrective surgery for congenital heart disease were randomly assigned to a control group, a PGE1 infusion group (intravenous PGE1 infusion; 30 ng/kg/min daily for 10 days) or a PGE1 inhalation group (100 μg nebulized PGE1 every 8 h for 10 days). Systolic blood pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, arterial oxygen pressure, oxygen saturation and serum endothelin-1 level were measured before and after the treatment.

RESULTS:

At the end of the study, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the two PGE1 groups were lower than in the control group (P<0.01), whereas the mean arterial oxygen pressure was higher (P<0.01). Compared with the PGE1 infusion group, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the PGE1 inhalation group was lower (P<0.01) whereas the arterial oxygen pressure was higher (P<0.01). The mean endothelin-1 levels in the two PGE1 groups were lower than in the control group (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in endothelin-1 levels between the PGE1 inhalation and infusion groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

In pediatric patients with PAH, PGE1 inhalation was associated with a reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and improvement in arterial blood oxygen levels.     

Indications for heart transplantation in congenital heart disease

In this review we have looked at indications for cardiac transplantation in congenital heart disease. An outline of the general principles of the use of transplant as a management strategy both as a first line treatment and following other surgical interventions is discussed. We explore the importance of the timing of patient referral and the evaluations undertaken, and how the results of these may vary between patients with congenital heart disease and patients with other causes of end-stage heart failure. The potential complications associated with patients with congenital heart disease need to be both anticipated and managed appropriately by an experienced team. Timing of transplantation in congenital heart disease is difficult to standardize as the group of patients is heterogeneous. We discuss the role and limitations of investigations such as BNP, 6 minute walk, metabolic exercise testing and self estimated physical functioning. We also discuss the suitability for listing. It is clear that congenital heart patients should not be considered to be at uniform high risk of death at transplant. Morbidity varies greatly in the congenital patient population with the failing Fontan circulation having a far higher risk than a failing Mustard circulation. However the underlying issue of imbalance between donor organ supply and demand needs to be addressed as transplant teams are finding themselves in the increasingly difficult situation of supporting growing numbers of patients with a diverse range of pathologies with declining numbers of donor organs.     

经导管介入治疗小儿先天性心脏病复合畸形

目的　探讨经皮动脉导管未闭 (PDA)、房间隔缺损 (ASD)、室间隔缺损 (VSD)封堵术以及肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)在小儿复合先天性心脏病介入治疗中联合应用的可行性。方法　自 1998年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 12月 ,共 2 8例患有复合先天心血管畸形的住院患儿施行联合介入治疗 ,其中联合进行ASD封堵和PBPV术 15例 ,PDA封堵 (其中包括弹簧圈法和蘑菇伞法 )和PBPV术 7例 ,ASD和PDA封堵术 5例 ,VSD封堵和PBPV术 1例。结果　本组病例均为一次心导管术程中同时进行 2种介入治疗 ,成功率为 10 0 % (2 8/ 2 8) ,取得满意的治疗效果 ,无严重并发症 ,经 3个月至 4年随诊证实疗效确切。结论　在病例选择恰当的情况下 ,对小儿先天性心脏病复合畸形进行联合介入治疗是安全、可行的     

小儿复杂先天性心脏病姑息手术的体外循环管理

目的总结48例复杂先天性心脏病行姑息手术患者的体外循环（CPB）管理经验。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2013年5月体外循环下行复杂先天性心脏病姑息手术48例的临床资料,其中男性2l例,女性27例,年龄（20．35±27．40）个月,体重（8．44±5．91）kg。手术方法包括右室流出道重建、右室流出道疏通、左右肺动脉共汇重建、肺动脉重建、glenn、改良B—T分流术。病种包括肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损28例、永存动脉干1例、法洛四联症14例、右室双出口合并肺动脉闭锁3例、右室双出口1例、左肺动脉缺如1例。采用常温并行循环30例、浅低温10例、中低温8例。采用复方电解质注射溶液、红细胞、血浆、20％人血白蛋白、万汶等预充,血液稀释后红细胞压积25％-33％。CPB中监测指标包括平均动脉压、中心静脉压、心率、静脉混合血氧饱和度、乳酸、尿量、血浆胶体渗透压、鼻咽温和肛温。结果体外循环时间27-106（64．39±27．68）min。主动脉阻断16-62（35．95±14．21）min,呼吸机辅助时间2-7（3．60±1．38）h,监护时间24-56（34．01±11.00）h;超滤量400-900（716．27±404．88）ml,尿量50-250（145．53±117．89）ml;住院15-27（34．01±11．00）d;术后胸引量10-100（37．35±21．72）ml。自动复跳率100％。所有患儿均顺利脱离体外循环。并发症包括低心排综合征3例、肺不张1例、气胸1例、肾功能不全1例、纵隔感染1例、低氧血症3例、消化道出血1例。延迟关胸2例,再次开胸止血1例。术后死亡1例,死亡率2．08％,死亡原因为心肺功能衰竭。结论CPB下行小儿复杂先天性心脏病姑息手术,采用个体化管理和综合措施是手术成功的保障。     

Natural history of postoperative heart block in congenital heart disease: Implications for pacing intervention

After half a century of major progress in congenital heart disease management, atrioventricular conduction block continues to complicate 1-3% of surgical procedures. Unless treated with an implanted pacemaker, permanent postoperative heart block is associated with 28-100% mortality. Postoperative heart block often proves to be transient, typically resolving within 10 days of onset. The duration of postoperative heart block is widely used as a key determinant for permanent pacemaker implantation. Current professional pacemaker implantation guidelines are largely based on this criterion. However, available natural history data suggest that other factors, such as residual conduction system injury, likely play a role in increasingly recognized cases of very late postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients who have experienced transient postoperative heart block. As growing numbers of congenital heart disease patients survive into adulthood, and artificial pacemaking capabilities continue to improve, it might be necessary to reconsider and refine currently accepted pacing indications for postoperative heart block.