闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤

目的探讨应用闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法自2003年1月～2005年6月应用闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤26例。按照Myerson分类:中间柱损伤13例,内侧、中间柱合并损伤7例,内侧、中间、外侧柱三柱损伤6例。结果本组切口均一期愈合,平均手术时间为40min(30～70min),切口长度平均为5mm;所有患者获平均11.4个月(6～17个月)随访,根据美国足踝骨科协会(AOFAS)评分平均为87分,患者术后平均5.3个月(3～11个月)恢复正常生活。结论闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定手术创伤小,软组织并发症低,能有效治疗跖跗关节复合体损伤;中间柱复位并沿Lisfranc韧带方向插入螺钉内固定是重建跖跗关节复合体稳定性的关键。     

切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤

[目的]探讨切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2007年9月～2010年10月间治疗的67例跖跗关节损伤患者,其中35例损伤患者采用切开复位双重加压螺钉或结合克氏针固定治疗,32例患者采用空心钉或结合克氏针固定治疗.男53例,女14例,年龄18 ～60岁,平均32岁.根据Myerson分型:A型15例,B型36例,C型16例.根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)中足评分标准评价比较两种方法的治疗效果.[结果]所有患者均获得随访,平均随访18个月(12～30个月).双重加压螺钉治疗组术后平均AO-FAS中足评分81.7分(56 ～98分),术后未发生感染、创伤性关节炎、螺钉断裂等并发症;空心钉治疗组术后平均AOFAS中足评分78.6分(45 ～96分),2例发生伤口感染,2例未获得解剖复位,二期行关节融合术.两种治疗方法AOFAS评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.056,P＞0.05).[结论]切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤与空心螺钉治疗效果相似,由于双重加压螺钉能更好达到解剖复位和坚强固定,切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤是一种疗效满意的方法.     

跨关节钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤

目的 探讨跨关节钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的手术治疗方法和临床疗效. 方法 自2009年5月至2011年5月共收治31例跖骨基粉碎性跖跗关节损伤患者,男19例,女12例;年龄24 ～ 70岁,平均46.2岁;均为闭合性损伤,其中8例损伤累及跖跗关节复合体,2例合并骰骨压缩性骨折.所有患者待软组织条件改善后,择期行切开复位跨关节钢板内固定术.术后采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足评分、简明健康调查量表(SF-36)评分和视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价治疗效果,并记录相关并发症. 结果 25例患者术后获12 ～36个月(平均24个月)随访,随访期间未见伤口感染、皮瓣坏死等软组织并发症.X线片示术后平均12周(10～15周)骨性愈合.末次随访时AOFAS中足评分为45 ～ 95分(平均78.0分),SF-36评分为45 ～96分(平均79.2分),VAS评分为0～8分(平均1.7分).1例跖跗关节复合体损伤患者术后9个月复查时发现螺钉断裂,但无不适主诉,予以取出内固定;2例跖跗关节复合体损伤患者分别于术后14、20个月发生创伤性关节炎,均予行跖跗关节融合术.结论 跨关节钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤技术简单,可避免关节面软骨的再损伤,是治疗跖跗关节损伤安全、有效的方法.     

不同方法治疗跖跗关节损伤疗效分析

目的探讨不同方法治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法分别采用石膏固定、闭合复位经皮内固定、开放复位内固定和二期关节融合术治疗35例跖附关节损伤患者。结果患者均获随访,时间12～36(22±1.5)周,骨折愈合时间16～28(18±2)周。术后12周33例患者能穿平常鞋子在各种地面上行走,步态基本正常。按AOFAS评分:优11例,良18例,可5例,差1例。结论解剖复位、牢靠固定是治疗跖跗关节损伤的基本原则。重建跖跗关节复合体是稳定的关键,并且需要重视对跖跗关节的整体化治疗。     

桥接固定治疗跖跗关节损伤

目的 探讨使用桥接钢板或外固定支架固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效. 方法 对2008年8月至2011年2月收治的26例跖跗关节损伤患者的病例资料进行回顾性研究,男19例,女7例;年龄19 ～56岁,平均34岁.损伤按Myerson三柱损伤分型:单柱损伤2例,两柱损伤8例,三柱损伤16例.采用桥接钢板固定10例,外固定支架固定16例.术后定期放射学检查随访,采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足评分进行功能评价.比较术后6个月和18个月AOFAS评分. 结果 所有患者术后获18～ 49个月(平均27个月)随访.伤口均愈合良好,未见感染征象,未发现钢板、螺钉松动、脱出、断裂及异物反应等与内置物相关的并发症.12例患者继发创伤性关节炎,2例因疼痛明显、行走受限二期行关节融合术.所有患者术后6个月和18个月的平均AOFAS中足评分分别为(59.6±15.4)分和(76.8±11.5)分,差异有统计学意义(t=12.620,P=0.000). 结论 对于低能量跖跗关节损伤患者使用桥接钢板,避免贯穿跖跗关节固定,可以减少关节软骨继发损伤.对于高能量跖跗关节损伤患者应重视柱的粉碎骨折造成的短缩问题,使用桥接外固定支架,恢复柱长度的解剖复位和可靠固定是获得良好疗效的关键.     

跖跗关节损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨跖跗关节损伤的手术治疗及其疗效。方法对46例跖跗关节损伤患分别用闭合复位石膏外固定(2例)、闭合复位克氏针内固定加石膏外固定(18例)、开放复位螺丝钉内固定加石膏外固定(26例)进行治疗，对其临床疗效进行评价。结果术后平均随访2．5a，手术治疗优良率达86．3％。8例发生创伤性关节炎，均为未达解剖复位，其中单纯石膏固定2例，克氏针固定3例，螺丝钉固定3例，7例单纯脱位中5例发生创伤性关节炎。结论手术治疗效果与骨折脱位的复位情况相关．创伤本身也是影响疗效的重要因素。     

跖跗关节复合体损伤的诊治探讨

目的：探讨跖跗关节复合体（TJC）损伤的诊治方法。方法：2007年1月至2009年12月采用切开复位内固定治疗16例跖跗关节复合体损伤,男12例,女4例;年龄21～45岁,平均34.1岁,均为闭合性损伤。左侧7例,右侧9例,均为直接暴力所伤,其中交通伤4例,高处坠落伤5例,挤压伤7例。楔骨间脱位11例,舟楔关节脱位3例,骰骨骨折2例。跖跗关节损伤均为三柱损伤。根据手术探查和稳定性破坏情况,通常跗骨间关节,内侧、中间柱跖跗关节用螺钉固定,外侧柱用克氏针固定,对跖骨基底部粉碎性骨折和骰骨压缩性骨折等用跨关节微型钢板固定以达到解剖复位、有效固定。采用美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）中足评分标准从疼痛、功能、对线方面进行临床评估。结果：所有患者均获得随访,时间6～18个月,平均12.6个月。按AOFAS评分：疼痛为（29.3±5.9）分,功能为（32.4±5.6）分,对线为（12.9±2.6）分,总分为（74.6±10.4）分。所有切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未见皮肤坏死,感染,钢板螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。3例患者因后期出现骨性关节炎,疼痛明显,行走困难,Ⅱ期行关节融合术。4例患者影像学表现为骨性关节炎,但临床症状（疼痛）较轻,继续观察随访。结论：解剖复位有效稳定内固定是治疗跖跗关节复合体损伤的关键要素,Ⅰ期切开复位内固定有利于Ⅱ期融合手术。     

跖跗关节损伤治疗方法的疗效分析

目的探讨不同方式治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法对35例单足跖跗关节损伤患者根据骨折分型应用石膏固定2例,闭合复位经皮内固定12例,开放复位内固定20例,二期关节融合术1例。结果 35例均获随访,时间3～9(5±2)个月。克氏针松动8例,螺钉断钉2例,创伤后关节炎8例。临床评估依据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)中足评分标准:优12例,良17例,可5例,差1例。结论解剖复位、牢靠固定是治疗跖跗关节损伤的基本原则。中间柱复位并沿Lisfranc韧带方向固定内侧楔骨和第2跖骨基底部是重建跖跗关节复合体稳定性的关键,依据跖跗关节的"三柱"原理选择固定方式,可获得满意疗效。     

开放性跖跗关节损伤的治疗

目的 探讨开放性跖跗关节损伤的治疗方法及疗效.方法 2009年4月至2010年4月收治14例开放性跖跗关节损伤患者,男10例,女4例;年龄21 ～67岁,平均45岁;根据Chiodo和Myerson提出的三柱分型,均为三柱损伤.合并内侧柱或外侧柱短缩的患者(各2例)辅以微型外固定支架固定;皮肤软组织缺损者(2例)缺损区清创后予负压封闭引流(VSD)敷料覆盖;合并皮肤脱套者(1例)打薄脱套皮肤后原位回植,并用VSD敷料覆盖;软组织条件改善后,均二期更换内固定或同时行软组织覆盖.术后采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足评分系统评定疗效.结果 1例脱套伤患者出现部分回植皮肤坏死,于急诊术后第13天行清创、更换内固定及局部皮瓣转位修复术;2例皮肤软组织缺损者分别于术后第7、11天更换内固定及创面植皮覆盖.12例患者术后平均随访18个月(13 ～ 25个月),二期术后平均12周(10～ 16周)骨性愈合.末发生皮瓣坏死、感染、骨不连、骨髓炎等并发症,2例跖跗关节复合体损伤患者因创伤性关节炎致疼痛及功能严重受限,分别于术后12和14个月行跖跗关节融合术.所有患者末次随访AOFAS中足评分平均为72分(61～ 89分).结论 开放性跖跗关节损伤早期要对创面彻底清创,复位骨折脱位、恢复足部力线后临时固定,待软组织条件改善后择期更换内固定,可获得骨折脱位的稳定固定,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

空心加压螺钉联合克氏针治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位

目的探讨切开复位空心加压螺钉联合克氏针内固定治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位的疗效。方法 35例跖跗关节骨折脱位的患者采用切开复位空心加压螺钉联合克氏针内固定治疗,术后复查X线片评估复位情况,应用美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）中足评分标准对患足术后功能进行评定。结果骨折脱位均解剖复位。术后伤口感染3例。35例均获随访,时间6～34个月。功能评定：优14例,良15例,可4例,差2例。发生创伤性关节炎6例,3例药物治疗后症状缓解,3例行跖楔关节融合术。结论切开复位空心加压螺钉联合克氏针内固定治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位能够达到解剖复位及坚强固定,效果满意。     

严重跖跗关节骨折脱位的治疗

目的探讨严重跖跗关节脱位及骨折脱位的治疗方法及临床疗效。方法对2003年1月至2007年12月收治的29例严重跖跗关节损伤患者进行回顾性研究，均采用内固定和外固定相结合的方法。应用美国骨科矫形足踝协会足评分标准和目测类比疼痛评分法，分别评价足术后功能状况及手术前后疼痛情况。结果29例随访1～5年（平均2年），感染1例，足骨筋膜室综合征2例，创伤性关节炎5例。依据美国矫形足踝协会足评分标准对患足术后的功能进行评定，优8例，良13例，可6例，差2例。结论通过解剖及功能复位，给予内或外固定相结合的治疗方法，可使严重跖跗关节损伤得到有效的治疗，减少了病残率。     

Outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of Lisfranc joint injuries

BACKGROUND: Open reduction and internal fixation has been recommended as the treatment for most unstable injuries of the Lisfranc (tarsometatarsal) joint. It has been thought that purely ligamentous injuries have a poor outcome despite such surgical management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent open reduction and screw fixation of a Lisfranc injury in a seven-year period. Among ninety-two adults treated for that injury, forty-eight patients with forty-eight injuries were followed for an average of fifty-two months (range, thirteen to 114 months). Fifteen injuries were purely ligamentous, and thirty-three were combined ligamentous and osseous. Patient outcome was assessed with use of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score and the long-form Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (MFA) score. RESULTS: The average AOFAS midfoot score was 77 points (on a scale of 0 to 100 points, with 100 points indicating an excellent outcome), with patients losing points for mild pain, decreased recreational function, and orthotic requirements. The average MFA score was 19 points (on a scale of 0 to 100 points, with 0 points indicating an excellent outcome), with patients losing points because of problems with "leisure activities" and difficulties with "life changes and feelings due to the injury." Twelve patients (25 percent) had posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the tarsometatarsal joints, and six of them required arthrodesis. The major determinant of a good result was anatomical reduction (p = 0.05). The subgroup of patients with purely ligamentous injury showed a trend toward poorer outcomes despite anatomical reduction and screw fixation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the concept that stable anatomical reduction of fracture-dislocations of the Lisfranc joint leads to the best long-term outcomes as patients so treated have less arthritis as well as better AOFAS midfoot scores.     

跖跗关节损伤的手术治疗

目的：总结跖跗关节损伤切开复位内固定的临床经验,评价手术治疗效果。方法：自2009年3月至7月,9例跖跗关节损伤的患者接受切开复位内固定术,其中男7例,女2例;年龄20～47岁,平均33.5 岁。损伤按Quenu-Kuss分型：A型5例,B型3例,C型1例。采用1～2个足背纵行直切口,克氏针和空心螺钉内固定。依据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)足评分标准对患足的功能进行评定。结果：9例患者均获得随访,时间5～12个月,平均8个月。术后感染1例,1例发生创伤后关节炎,无克氏针松动。AOFAS总评分由术前的(15.5±4.2)分提高到术后的(92.0±5.2)分(t=-45.95,P<0.01);9例患者中,好7例,较好1例,差1例。结论：切开复位治疗跖跗关节损伤可取得满意效果。     

Efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation with a miniplate and hollow screw in the treatment of Lisfranc injury

Purpose: To investigate efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation with the miniplate and hollow screw in the treatment of Lisfranc injury. Methods: Ten cases of Lisfranc injury treated by open reduction, miniplate and hollow screw in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 4 females with age ranging from 25 to 45 years (mean 32 years). Among them, one case was classified as Type A, six Type B and three Type C. Injury mechanism included road traffic accidents (3 cases), fall from height (5 cases) and hit by heavy object (2 cases). All injuries were closed without cerebral trauma or other complicated injuries. The time interval between injury and operation was 6e10 days (average 6.6 days). Postoperatively, the foot function was assessed using Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Scales. Healing time and complications were observed. Results: All patients were followed up for 18e24 months (average 20 months). Anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients on images. There was statistical significance between preoperative score (7.89 ± 0.34) and score at postoperative 8 weeks (0.67 ± 0.13). According to the AOFAS score, 5 cases were defined as excellent, 3 cases as good and 2 cases as fair. During follow-up, there was no wound infection or complications except for osteoarthritis in 2 cases. Healing time ranged from 3 to 6 months with an average of 3.6 months. Conclusion: Anatomical reduction of Lisfranc injury can be achieved by open reduction and internal fixation with the miniplate and hollow screw. Normal structure of Lisfranc joint is regained to a great extent; injured ligaments were also repaired. Therefore, this method offers excellent curative effect and can avoid postoperative complications and improve the patients'' quality of life.     

A mid-term follow-up retrospective evaluation of tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocations treated by closed reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation

IntroductionInjuries involving the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint are relatively uncommon, and the surgical treatment is potentially characterized by a high complications rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the treatment of Lisfranc fracture-dislocations treated with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with K-wires, considering complications and re-intervantion rate.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was performed on all patients undergone closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with K-wires of a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation. Patients have been clinically evaluated at last follow up by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), as well as by radiograph assessment.ResultsFollowing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 patients have been included, with a mean age of 48.2 ± 5.6 years. Average follow-up was 3.8 ± 1.8 years (range 1–6). 7 fractures analyzed were classified as type A, 7 as type B (3 were B1, 4 were B2) and 1 as type C1. No case of loss of reduction has been observed at radiographic 1-month follow-up. At last follow-up mean AOFAS midfoot score and VAS score were respectively 82.2 ± 10.4 and 1.5 ± 1.3. Registered complications showed one deep vein thrombosis and 2 cases of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). One patient subsequently underwent arthrodesis of the tarsometatarsal joint for post-traumatic arthritis.ConclusionsThe treatment of the fracture-dislocations of the Lisfranc joint by percutaneous reduction and fixation with K-wire can achieve good clinical outcomes with a low rate of complications and reoperations.Level of EvidenceLevel IV     

陈旧性跖跗关节骨折脱位

目的分析跖跗关节(Lisfranc)骨折脱位急诊处理的不当所导致的后期功能障碍的原因,并结合现今在这一领域的研究状况进行讨论。方法从2000年3月～2005年2月共收治陈旧性Lis-franc骨折脱位34例,24例行切开复位内固定,10例患者行关节融合术。结果按美国骨科足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足部分的评分标准,50～60分2例,60～70分4例,70～80分5例,80～90分18例,90～100分5例。结论Lisfranc损伤晚期并发症的出现与复位不彻底、固定不牢靠以及固定时间不充分有关。临床医生在遇到中足扭伤的患者时,要提高警惕,以免漏诊。对大多数患者而言,以伤后6周内进行切开复位内固定为好。