自然不孕和健康体检的育龄妇女孕前 ＴＯＲＣＨ 感染状 况的比较分析

摘要：目的 了解自然不孕妇女和健康体检的育龄妇女孕前 ＴＯＲＣＨ 感染状况。 方法 采用 ＥＬＩＳＡ 法对 ２０１８ 年 １２ 月至 ２０１９ 年 １１ 月期间郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心进行医学干预受孕的自然不孕育龄妇女 １１ ５９７ 名和健康体检育龄妇女 １ ５４７名进行 ＴＯＲＣＨ 特异性 ＩｇＭ 和 ＩｇＧ 抗体检测。 结果 自然不孕育龄妇女 ＴＯＲＣＨ ＩｇＭ 抗体总阳性率为 ２．４２％，健康体检育 龄妇女为 ２．２６％，差异无统计学意义（χ２ ＝ ０．１５，Ｐ＝ ０．７０）。 自然不孕和健康体检的育龄妇女中 ＩｇＭ 抗体阳性率从高到低分别 是弓形虫（Ｔｏｘ）?ＩｇＭ（０．９９％和 ０．９０％）、风疹病毒（ＲＶ）?ＩｇＭ（０．６７％和 ０．９０％）、单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ） Ⅰ?ＩｇＭ（０．３４％和０．２６％）、 ＨＳＶ Ⅱ?ＩｇＭ（０．２２％和０．１３％）和巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）?ＩｇＭ（０．２０％和 ０．０６％），其差异均无统计学意义；ＩｇＧ 抗体阳性率从高到低 分别是 ＣＭＶ?ＩｇＧ（９６．２０％和 ９３．４７％）、ＨＳＶ Ⅰ?ＩｇＧ（９３．３９％和 ９１．４０％）、ＲＶ?ＩｇＧ （９０．８７％和 ８８．４９％）、ＨＳＶ Ⅱ?ＩｇＧ （１４．２６％和 ９．１８％）和 Ｔｏｘ?ＩｇＧ （４．４４％和 ４．４０％），除 Ｔｏｘ?ＩｇＧ 抗体外，自然不孕妇女其他病原体 ＩｇＧ 抗体阳性率均高于孕前咨询健康体检 育龄妇女，差异均有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。 在不同年龄组间，自然不孕和健康体检的育龄妇女中 ＩｇＭ 抗体阳性率间差异均无 统计学意义，而在 ＩｇＧ 抗体方面，其＞３５ 岁组的 Ｔｏｘ?、ＣＭＶ?、ＨＳＶ Ⅰ?和 ＨＳＶ Ⅱ?ＩｇＧ 抗体阳性率普遍高于 ２０ ～ ３５ 岁组，其中在 健康体检育龄妇女＞３５岁组中 ＨＳＶ Ｉ?ＩｇＧ 抗体阳性率显著性高于 ２０ ～ ３５ 岁组（ χ２ ＝ ４．１５，Ｐ ＝ ０．０４２），在自然不孕育龄妇女＞３５ 岁组中 ＨＳＶ Ⅰ?和 ＨＳＶ Ⅱ?ＩｇＧ 抗体阳性率均显著性高于 ２０～ ３５ 岁组（χ２ ＝ ９．８２，Ｐ ＝ ０．００１ ７；χ２ ＝ ５０．５９，Ｐ＜０．０００ １）；但 ＲＶ?ＩｇＧ 抗体阳性率均为２０～ ３５ 岁组显著性高于＞３５ 岁组（自然不孕组：χ２ ＝ １９．５２，Ｐ＜０．０００ １；健康体检组：χ２ ＝ ９．９５，Ｐ ＝ ０．００１ ６）。 在 不同季节间，仅自然不孕育龄妇女群体中 Ｔｏｘ?和 ＣＭＶ?ＩｇＭ 抗体阳性率差异存在统计学意义，其中 Ｔｏｘ?ＩｇＭ 抗体阳性率夏季和 秋季中较高，ＣＭＶ?ＩｇＭ抗体阳性率仅在秋季中较高。 结论 本区域内自然不孕育龄妇女和健康体检育龄妇女中 ＴＯＲＣＨ ＩｇＭ 抗体间无显著差异，但自然不孕育龄妇女中 ＲＶ?、ＣＭＶ?和 ＨＳＶ Ⅰ／ Ⅱ?ＩｇＧ 阳性率均高于健康体检育龄妇女。     

HCV感染基因型病毒复制程度与肝病关系的研究

采用限制性内切酶Ｓａｕ３Ａｌ和ＨａｅⅢ对５４例ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性的５＇ＮＣ区扩增产物进行酶切分型；ＰＣＲ滴定法半定量分析ＨＣＶＲＮＡ含量。结果显示４种酶切类型：ＨＣＶⅠ型感染３．７％（２／５４），ＨＣＶⅡ型感染７７．８％（４２／５４），ＨＣＶⅢ、Ⅳ型感染１１．１％（６／５４），ＨＣＶⅠ、Ⅱ／Ⅲ、Ⅳ型混合感染７．４％（４／５４），ＨＣＶⅡ型感染阳性率在ＡＨ、ＣＡＨ、ＬＣ三组间无显著差异（     

丙、丁、庚型肝炎同原发性肝癌的相关因素分析

目的;探讨ＲＮＡ病毒引起的丙型,丁型,庚型肝炎同原发性肝癌（ＰＬＣ）发生的关系。方法：采用免疫病理观察比较丙型肝炎病毒ＮＳ５抗原（ＨＣＶ－ＮＳ５）,丁型肝炎病毒抗原（ＨＤＶＡｇ）,庚型肝炎病毒ＮＳ５抗原（ＨＧＶ－ＮＳ５）在肝细胞肝癌（ＨＣＣ）组织中的表达特点。结果：在７２例ＨＣＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＮＳ５,ＨＤＶＡｇ、ＨＧＶ－ＮＳ５检出率分别为２６．３９％、１９．４４％,６．９４％,总检出率为２９．１７％,     

急性出血性脑血管病并发多脏器功能失常综合征患者血浆内皮素-1及降钙素基因相关肽水平的观察

目的：探讨血浆内皮素１（ＥＴ１）和降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）在急性出血性脑血管病（ＡＨＣＶＤ）并发多脏器功能失常综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）发病中的作用。方法：采用放射免疫法分别测定２１例ＡＨＣＶＤ合并ＭＯＤＳ患者（ＭＯＤＳ组）、２０例ＡＨＣＶＤ患者（ＡＨＣＶＤ组）及３０例正常人（正常对照组）血浆中ＥＴ１和ＣＧＲＰ水平。结果：ＭＯＤＳ组及ＡＨＣＶＤ组血浆ＥＴ１水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），ＭＯＤＳ组ＥＴ１水平又明显高于ＡＨＣＶＤ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＨＣＶＤ组血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平高于正常对照组，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而ＭＯＤＳ组血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平明显低于正常对照组，ＥＴ１／ＣＧＲＰ（Ｅ／Ｃ）比值明显高于ＡＨＣＶＤ组及正常对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。结论：血浆ＥＴ１水平升高、ＣＧＲＰ水平降低、Ｅ／Ｃ比值严重失衡与ＭＯＤＳ的发生相关；检测血浆ＥＴ１和ＣＧＲＰ水平对评估ＡＨＣＶＤ患者预后有一定意义     

用流式细胞仪测定小儿急性白血病细胞DNA及其临床意义研究

应用流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）对９４例急性白血病（ＡＬ）骨髓单个核细胞（ＭＮＣ）进行了ＤＮＡ含量测定。在４７例初诊／复发ＡＬ中，５０％（１７／３４）的急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）及３８．５％（５／１３）的急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＶＬＬ）检出ＤＮＡ异倍体；４７例ＡＬ完全缓解（ＣＲ）期患儿异倍体检出率为１０．６％。１４例非白血病患儿无异倍体检出。ＡＬ初诊病例的Ｃ＿０／Ｇ＿１％高于ＣＲ及对照组，Ｓ％及（Ｓ＋Ｇ＿２）／Ｍ％低于ＣＲ及对照组；复发病例（Ｓ＋Ｇ＿２）／Ｍ％高于初诊组；在ＡＬ－ＣＲ组，Ｓ％和（Ｓ＋Ｇ＿２）／Ｍ％均与对照组无显著性差异。２０例ＡＬ的自身对照发现，１１例初诊、复发时的异倍体在ＣＲ期消失。     

肝癌,肝硬化患者AFP,SF,β2—MG,HA联合检测结果分析

采用放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）对４２例原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）、３１例肝硬化（ＬＣ）及２８例正常人的血清甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）、铁蛋白（ＳＦ）、β２－微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ）和透明质酸（ＨＡ）进行联合检测。结果，ＰＨＣ和ＬＣ组ＳＦ、β２－ＭＧ、ＨＡ单项检测的阳性率分别为７１．４％和２５．８％（Ｐ〈０．０１）、５０．０％和３８．７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）、８３．３％和８３．８％（Ｐ〉０．０５）；ＳＦ、β２－ＭＧ、ＨＡ含量     

地氟醚和异氟醚对血液动力学和儿茶酚胺的影响

目的　比较地氟醚对血液动力学和儿茶酚胺的影响。方法　择期手术病人３０ 例（ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ） ，随机分为地氟醚（１５ 例）、异氟醚（１５ 例）两组。不用术前药。气管插管后观察不同ＭＡＣ时地氟醚和异氟醚对ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ和血中儿茶酚胺浓度的影响。结果　在地氟醚组达１－５ ＭＡＣ后呈现２～４ ｍｉｎ 的血压增高和心率增快，且儿茶酚胺增高。结论　快速增加地氟醚浓度至１－５ＭＡＣ可出现交感兴奋作用，而异氟醚没有此作用。     

相同MAC浓度的地氟醚和异氟醚对脑电图的影响

目的比较相同ＭＡＣ浓度的地氟醚和异氟醚对脑电图的影响。方法２０例２０～５０岁,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术的病人,均不用术前药。麻醉诱导以静脉异丙酚２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,琥珀胆碱２ｍｇ／ｋｇ快速气管插管,单纯吸入地氟醚或异氟醚维持麻醉。控制呼吸,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压（ＰＥＴＣＯ２）在４７～６０ｋＰａ。以ＴＯＦ监测肌松,维持Ｔ４／Ｔ１＜２５％。以双导联方式监测脑电变化,观察呼气末麻醉药浓度在０５、０８、１０、１３和１５ＭＡＣ时的脑电边缘频率（ＳＥＦ）和双谱指数（ＢＩ）的改变。结果随ＭＡＣ的增加ＳＥＦ和ＢＩ逐渐减小,呈负性线性相关关系（ｒ分别为－０９５和－０９９,Ｐ＜００１）,两组间ＳＥＦ和ＢＩ无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论地氟醚对脑电图的影响与异氟醚相似;ＥＥＧ对监测麻醉深度有一定指导意义。     

HCV基因型与HCV感染者ALT的关系

为探讨丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）与ＨＣＶ感染者血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）的关系，本文应用ＨＣＶＮＳ５区逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）对７９例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者进行ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测，同时用限制性内功酶法对ＨＣＶ进行基因分型。检出ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性者６９例，其中ＨＣＶⅡ型３０例，Ⅲ型２７例，Ⅱ／Ⅲ混合型１２例，ＨＣＶ不同的基因型在ＡＬＴ正常组和异常组中的分布有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅱ型和Ⅱ／Ⅲ混合型主要分布于ＡＬＴ异常组中，Ⅲ型主要分布于ＡＬＴ正常组中。提示Ⅱ型和Ⅱ／Ⅲ混合型很可能是导致ＡＬＴ异常的主要型别，应引起足够重视。     

韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（HANS）应用于腹部手术病人术后PCEA镇？…

本研究根据一定频率的经皮电刺激可促使中枢神经系统释放阿片肽的原理，应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（ＨＡＮＳ）辅助腹部手术病人术后硬膜外腔吗啡自控镇痛２０例（ＨＡＮＳ组）与单纯术后硬膜外腔吗啡自控镇痛２０例（对照组）比较。结果表明：吗啡和量ＨＡＮＳ组１５０±１９２．６μｇ与对照组４６５±４７８．２μｇ相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），镇痛效果ＶＡＳ评分ＨＡＮＳ组０．５±０．５１分与对照组０．９±０．６４分相     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.