急性前壁心肌梗死患者胸前导联U波倒置的临床意义

为探讨急性心肌梗死心电图胸前导联U波倒置的临床意义 ,将急性初发前壁心肌梗死患者 5 4例 ,分为U波倒置组 (A组 ) 19例 ,无U波倒置组 (B组 ) 35例 ,分析了其对心肌梗死范围及心功能的影响。两组间血钾浓度无显著差异 (4.11± 0 .36vs 4.2 9± 0 .41mmol/L ,P >0 .0 5 )。A组心肌酶峰值均较B组显著降低 ,病理性Q波导联数、ST段抬高导联数较B组减少 (分别为 2 .1± 1.4vs 3 .5± 2 .2 ,P <0 .0 5 ;4.9± 1.1vs 6 .0± 1.4,P <0 .0 1) ,而左室射血分数高于B组 (0 .6 1± 0 .0 8vs 0 .5 2± 0 .11,P <0 .0 1)。两组前降支近端及多支病变发生率无差别 ,但A组梗死区周围有较好的侧支循环建立。结论 :急性前壁心肌梗死U波倒置的患者心肌梗死程度较轻 ,左室功能较好 ,其机制与冠状动脉病变分布无关 ,而梗死区侧支循环建立是其病情较轻的原因之一     

心肌注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进犬侧支血管形成的实验研究

目的　评价在犬急性心肌梗死模型中 ,心肌内注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)对心肌局部血流量及侧支血管形成的影响。方法　 17条杂种犬 ,结扎第一、第二对角支和第一、第二钝缘支造成急性心肌梗死模型。冠状动脉结扎 2 0min后 ,治疗组 (n =9)在梗死边缘区心肌 5点注射2 0 0 μgbFGF ,对照组 (n =8)以相同的方法注射生理盐水 2 0 0 μl。在冠状动脉结扎之前、结扎即刻、结扎后 3h、7d及 2 8d使用非放射性彩色微粒子测量心肌局部血流量。试验终点观察侧支血管密度变化。结果　与对照组相比 ,治疗组心肌注射 2 0 0 μgbFGF后 ,梗死区心外膜心肌局部血流量明显增加 :冠状动脉结扎 3h治疗组心肌血流量为 (36 4 0± 2 0 4 ) % ,对照组为 (32 32± 3 0 7) % ,P <0 0 5 ;7d后治疗组为 (5 6 30± 3 4 9) % ,对照组为 (35 6 8± 1 6 2 ) % ,P <0 0 1;2 8d分别为 (70 6 2±3 17) % ,(46 2 0± 2 5 8) % ,P <0 0 1。与之相似 ,治疗组梗死边缘区心外膜心肌血流量也明显增加 :冠状动脉结扎 7d治疗组为 (6 8 0 6± 2 6 9) % ,对照组为 (5 3 94± 2 2 7) % ,P <0 0 1;2 8d治疗组为(79 74± 4 6 1) % ,对照组为 (6 1 84± 4 5 2 ) % ,P <0 0 1。与对照组相比 ,治疗组梗死区血管密度 :治疗组为 (7 2     

梗死前心绞痛对合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者左心室功能的近期影响。方法　首次AMI并行急诊PCI患者 15 6例 ,在糖尿病和非糖尿病患者中分别比较有梗死前心绞痛和无梗死前心绞痛组血清肌酸激酶MB(CKMB)峰值和左心室功能的变化。结果　非糖尿病患者中有梗死前心绞痛组血清CKMB峰值低于 ,左室EF高于无梗死前心绞痛组 (CKMB :10 8± 79IU/Lvs 15 6± 10 1IU/L ;EF∶5 8± 13%vs 5 0±11% ,P <0. 0 5 ;糖尿病患者中有梗死前心绞痛组和无梗死前心绞痛组血清CKMB峰值和左心室EF无显著性差异。结论　梗死前心绞痛可在非糖尿病合并AMI患者中限制梗死面积 ,保护左心功能 ,而在糖尿病合并AMI患者中无保护作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因对心肌梗死后冠状血管新生及血管结构的影响

为探讨心肌内注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因对心肌梗死后冠状血管新生和血管结构的影响。以碱裂解法大量制备质粒 ;采用开胸结扎兔冠状动脉左前室间支法 ,建立兔急性前壁心肌梗死模型。模型制备成功后将动物分为治疗组 (n =1 9)和对照组 (n =1 8) ,并于心肌内分别注射pcDNA3 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 1 0 0 μg和pcDNA31 0 0 μg,饲养至第 2、6和 1 2周末处死 ;免疫组织化学法观察蛋白表达 ;病理切片观察梗死心肌组织学变化、缺血心肌内血管新生和血管管壁及管腔变化情况。结果发现 :(1 )实验中描记的心电图证实兔急性心肌梗死模型制作成功。 (2 )免疫组织化学观察注射pcDNA3 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子处心肌组织在 6周内有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子蛋白的表达。 (3)病理切片行图象分析计算血管密度发现 :治疗组毛细血管密度和小动脉密度显著高于对照组。 (4 )实验第 6周治疗组与对照组动脉平均管壁厚度分别为 1 9.8± 9.9μm比 1 8.9± 9.6 μm (P >0 .0 5 ) ;1 2周分别为 2 8.3± 1 1 .5 μm比 2 4 .1± 1 1 .3μm (P <0 .0 1 ) ;6周比值分别为 0 .31± 0 .1 6比 0 .2 4± 0 .1 2 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;1 2周分别为 0 .34± 0 .1 5比 0 .2 5± 0 .0 9(P <0 .0 1 )。实验结果提示 ,心肌内注射碱性成纤维细胞生长     

血脂和内皮功能异常在微血管性心绞痛发病学中的意义

目的　研究血脂紊乱和血管内皮功能失调在微血管性心绞痛患者发病学中的意义。方法　测定 2 1例微血管性心绞痛患者血脂水平并同时采用高分辨超声技术检测其血管内皮舒张功能 ,与 2 4例正常人 (对照组 )作比较。结果　 (1 )微血管性心绞痛组血脂异常主要表现为总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (LDL C)、载脂蛋白B1 0 0 (ApoB1 0 0 )和脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]明显升高 (P值均 <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )微血管性心绞痛组肱动脉血流介导性内皮舒张功能较对照组明显减退 [(4 7± 1 9) %比(1 2 8± 3 7) %,P <0 0 0 1 ],而两组对硝酸甘油的反应差异无显著性意义 [(1 9 7± 8 1 ) %比 (2 1 2±6 6 ) %,P >0 0 5 ];(3 )微血管性心绞痛组肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张与血清LDL C和Lp(a)水平呈显著的负相关 (r=- 0 5 1 2 5和 - 0 42 71 ,P均 <0 0 0 1 )。按血流介导的肱动脉舒张程度将两组合并后分为A、B两组 (A组≤ 4 %,B组 >4 %) ,结果显示 :A组LDL C水平升高显著 [(4 0 9± 0 6 5 )mmol/L比 (2 5 9± 0 49)mmol/L ,P <0 0 5 ]。结论　 (1 )微血管性心绞痛患者血脂异常以TC、LDL C、ApoB1 0 0 和Lp(a)升高为主 ,同时存在明显的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍 ,提示血脂紊乱和内皮功能异常在其发病中起重要作用 ;(2     

急性心肌梗死伴先前性心绞痛患者临床分析

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)伴先前性心绞痛 (AP)患者的冠状动脉 (冠脉 )病变特点及临床预后。方法 :在连续急诊冠脉造影的 385例AMI患者中分析伴有AP(AP组 ,2 0 2例 )及无AP者 (Non AP组 ,183例 )的临床资料与冠脉病变特征 ,并平均随访 (2 8.7± 8.2 )个月主要心血管事件 (包括反复心绞痛发作、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性心力衰竭、靶血管血运重建及心脏性死亡 )和复合终点事件的发生率。结果 :与Non AP组比较 ,AP组肌酸激酶 (CK)及其同工酶 (CK MB)峰值均显著降低 [(196 5± 14 2 2 )∶(312 6± 2 10 8) ;(81± 4 6 )∶(118± 5 6 )IU/L ,均P <0 .0 1],但其三支病变及伴左主干病变者较多 (33.2 %∶16 .9% ;8.9%∶3.6 % ,均P <0 .0 5 ) ,随访期间AMI后反复心绞痛发作与心脏性死亡率较高 (36 .2 %∶2 3.6 % ,P <0 .0 1;10 .2 %∶3.6 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,复合终点事件明显增加 (4 8.0 %∶30 .0 % ,P <0 .0 1)。多元Logistic回归分析示AP与AMI患者死亡危险 (OR值 :3.96 ,95 %CI :2 .2 5～ 7.34,P <0 .0 5 )及复合终点事件 (OR值 :3.2 2 ,95 %CI:1.82～ 8.74 ,P <0 .0 1)增加独立相关。结论 :AMI有AP者 ,其冠脉病变多较重 ,且临床预后较差     

急性心肌梗死并发右束支传导阻滞的预后

目的　了解伴随急性心肌梗死出现的完全性右束支传导阻滞的临床特点和预后意义。方法　观察有新出现持续性完全性右束支传导阻滞的急性心肌梗死患者 2 0例 (观察组 ) ,同期收治的无右束支传导阻滞的急性心肌梗死患者 184例 (对照组 )的CK峰值、Killip分级、严重心律失常发生率、LVEF和住院病死率等情况。结果　观察组CK峰值15 30± 10 6 9U/L及CK -MB峰值 2 39± 16 5U/L明显高于对照组 95 6± 713U/L及 117 1± 6 0 6U/L ,P <0 0 1。观察组Killip平均级别 (2 5 5± 0 95 )明显高于对照组 (1 71± 0 82 ) ,P <0 0 1。观察组室性恶性心律失常发生率 2 0 % ,明显高于对照组3 8%P均 <0 0 1。观察组的住院病死率 30 %显著高于对照组 7 1% ,P <0 0 1。结论　急性心肌梗死出现持续性完全性右束支传导阻滞提示临床病情危险 ,预后不良     

再灌注治疗后心肌灌注状态对心电图QT离散度的影响

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)再灌注治疗后心肌微循环灌注状态与心电图QT离散度 (QTd)和临床预后的关系。方法　经静脉溶栓和经皮冠状动脉腔内球囊成形术 (PTCA)再灌注治疗成功的AMI患者 30 8例 ,再灌注治疗后 1h按照 12导联心电图ST段的下移幅度分为A和B两组。A组为ST段迅速下降组 (下降≥ 5 0 % ) ,共 2 2 1例 ;B组为ST段持续抬高组 (下降 <5 0 % ) ,共 87例。分别计算两组患者入院即刻、再灌注治疗后 1h和 2 4h心电图的QTd ,并进行比较。结果　A组患者CK、CK MB峰值均明显小于B组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,分别为 (315 5± 2 0 4 6 )vs(4 2 5 3± 2 76 2 ) ;(12 9± 80 )vs(181± 94 )。A组左心室射血分数明显高于B组 (5 7%vs 4 7% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,左心功能不全、梗死后心绞痛发生率均明显低于B组 (P <0 0 5 ,7 5 %vs10 4 % ;4 6 %vs 8 3% )。A组再灌注治疗后 1h、2 4h心电图QTd均明显低于B组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,分别为 (4 0± 14 )vs(4 6± 12 ) ;(37± 13)vs(4 5± 15 )。结论　AMI再灌注治疗后 ,心肌组织水平灌注状态与临床预后及QTd有相关性 ,QTd和心电图ST段回落速度是判断心肌微循环灌注状态的简易实用指标。     

急性心肌梗死时心电图ST段抬高恢复时间对预测溶栓治疗后心室壁运动的临床意义

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死时 (AMI)心电图ST段抬高恢复时间对预测溶栓治疗后心室壁运动的临床意义。方法　将监护病房 (CCU)收治并接受静脉尿激酶溶栓治疗且符合梗死相关血管再通标准的 36 0例AMI患者 ,根据溶栓后心电图ST段抬高达到稳定性下移 5 0 %的时间 ,分成A组 (时间在 30min内 ,n =92 )、B组(6 0min内 ,n =12 6 )及C组 (90min ,n =14 2 ) ,分别测定 3组的梗死血管室壁运动的幅度。结果　ST段抬高达到稳定性下移 5 0 %所需要的时间不同 ,梗死相关心室壁运动幅度存在差异 [急性前壁心肌梗死 (AAMI)相关室间隔运动幅度A、B、C 3组分别为 (8 15± 1 6 2 )、(7 84± 1 4 3)及 (6 5 6± 2 15 )mm ,P <0 0 5 ;急性下壁心肌梗死 (AI MI)相关左室后壁运动幅度 3组分别为 (8 78± 1 92 )、(7 32± 1 5 4 )及 (6 15± 2 0 5 )mm ,P <0 0 5 ,且随需要的时间延长 ,梗死相关的心室壁运动幅度有下降的趋势。结论　抬高的ST段恢复时间越短 ,梗死相关的心室壁运动改善越明显     

不稳定心绞痛和非Q波心肌梗死抗凝治疗中血小板减低的临床意义

目的　本文旨在探讨肝素在治疗不伴有 ST段抬高的不稳定性心绞痛 (U AP)和非 Q波心肌梗死 (NQMI)患者中血小板减低的临床意义。方法　冠心病监护病房收治的 84 0例不伴有 ST段抬高的 U AP及 NQMI患者 ,给予肝素抗凝治疗 ,治疗后的 2 4小时测定患者的血小板计数 ,根据血小板测定结果 ,分成血小板减低组 (<10 0× 10 9/ L,n=2 4 )及非血小板减低组 (>10 0× 10 9/ L,n=816 )。结果　血小板减少的发生率为 2 .85 % ,血小板减少组住院病死率、顽固性心绞痛及出血合并症显著高于非血小板减低组 (分别为 18.31%比 5 .14 % ,P<0 .0 5 ;2 5 .0 0 %比 11.4 2 % ,P<0 .0 5和 33.33比 11.6 4 % ,<0 .0 1) ;急性心肌梗死发生率有高于非血小板减低组的趋势 (16 .6 7%比 11.0 3% ,但 P >0 .0 5 )。结论　在肝素治疗不伴有 ST段抬高的 U AP及 NQMI中 ,发生血小板减低者临床预后不良     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.