白血病患儿及其父母心理特点调查分析

目的探讨初诊及长期无病生存白血病患儿的情绪、自我意识特征及其父母的情绪特点。方法选用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表分别对40例初诊白血病、20例长期无病生存白血病和50例正常对照儿童进行评定,同时采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表对两组白血病儿童的父母进行心理测评。结果白血病患儿的焦虑和抑郁总分均显著高于正常对照组(P值分别为0.028和0.045);其中长期无病生存组患儿在躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑和社交恐怖分量表评分明显高于正常对照组(P值分别为0.002、0.019、0.001和0.000)。初诊组患儿在社交恐怖分量表得分亦显著高于正常对照组(P=0.004),在学校恐怖分量表得分显著低于正常对照组(P=0.020)。总体白血病患儿的自我意识总分低于正常对照组(P=0.003),其中长期无病生存组在焦虑、合群、幸福与满足分量表得分显著低于正常对照组(P值分别为0.041、0.037和0.037),但自我意识总分与正常对照组相比差异无显著性(P=0.581);而初诊白血病组患儿在自我意识总分及行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性、焦虑分量表得分显著低于正常对照组(P值分别为0.007、0.001、0.005、0.031和0.001)。白血病组父母焦虑和抑郁得分均显著高于我国常模组(P0.001),其中初诊白血病组父母的焦虑和抑郁症状检出率显著高于长期无病生存组(P值分别为0.015和0.032)。患儿父母的焦虑和抑郁得分有明显的相关性(r=0.95,P0.001),但与患儿的焦虑、抑郁及自我意识得分均无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论白血病患儿及其父母较正常对照组有更多的焦虑和抑郁情绪,白血病患儿的自我意识降低。因此,应重视对白血病患儿及其父母进行心理辅导及治疗。     

初诊及长期无病生存白血病儿童情绪、自我意识及个性特征的调查分析

目的了解初诊及长期无病生存5年以上白血病儿童的情绪、自我意识特征及个性特征。方法选用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表和儿童版艾森克个性问卷分别对30例初诊白血病、20例长期无病生存5年以上白血病和50例正常对照儿童进行心理评估。结果三组儿童的焦虑总分以及躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖分量表评分差异有统计学意义(P均0.05),其中长期无病生存组患儿的焦虑总分以及躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑和社交恐怖分量表评分均显著高于正常对照组(P均0.05);而初诊组患儿的社交恐怖分量表得分显著高于正常对照组(P0.05),学校恐怖分量表得分显著低于正常对照组(P0.05)。在抑郁评分方面,白血病患儿和正常对照组比较以及组间比较均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。三组儿童的自我意识总分以及行为、智力与学校情况和焦虑分量表评分差异有统计学意义,其中长期无病生存组患儿的自我意识总分及各分量表得分与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P均0.05),而初诊组患儿的自我意识总分以及行为、智力与学校情况、焦虑分量表得分均显著低于正常对照组(P均0.05);总体白血病患儿与正常对照组比较,自我意识总分以及行为、焦虑分量表得分显著低于正常对照组(P均0.05)。长期无病生存组与初诊组患儿及正常对照组比较,性格普遍偏于内向(P0.01)。结论白血病儿童较正常儿童有更多的焦虑情绪,其自我意识降低,具有内向性格特征。在治疗儿童躯体疾病的同时,对白血病儿童进行社会心理干预非常必要。     

血管迷走性晕厥儿童的心理因素

目的探讨血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)儿童的心理因素。方法选取2007年6-11月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥或先兆晕厥儿童84例(VVS组)。男47例,女37例;年龄7～16岁[(11.01±2.00)岁]。将VVS儿童分为直立倾斜试验(HUTT)阳性组(n=43)和HUTT阴性组(n=41)。受试儿童均完成儿童抑郁障碍自评量表与儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表,采用SPSS11.0软件进行分析。结果1.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表得分,VVS组儿童睡得很香、吃东西香及爱与家人交谈等项目得分显著低于全国常模组(Pa<0.05,0.01),VVS组患儿总是想哭、肚子痛、感到孤单、感到悲哀、感到烦恼得分及抑郁总分高于全国常模组(Pa<0.05,0.01)。HUTT阳性组患儿盼望美好事物和容易高兴起来得分高于HUTT阴性组(Pa<0.01),HUTT阴性组患儿生活没有意思得分高于HUTT阳性组(P<0.05)。2.儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表得分,躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、分离性焦虑、社交恐怖、学校恐怖、焦虑量表总分与简明焦虑量表等得分VVS组显著高于全国常模组(Pa<0.01)。HUTT阴性组与HUTT阳...     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童焦虑抑郁情绪研究

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童情绪问题。方法ADHD儿童70例与对照组儿童45例分别自行完成儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表。结果ADHD组儿童躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、分离性焦虑、学校恐怖及焦虑、抑郁总分均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论ADHD组儿童存在明显焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

肾穿刺活检儿童心理状态的影响因素分析及其干预

目的 了解儿童肾穿刺活检术前后的心理影响因素及心理干预对其作用.方法 228例患儿随机分为对照组和干预组,其中114例干预组术前增加心理干预.所有患儿术前和术后在家属帮助下填写Birmaher的儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和基本情况表.评价患儿的心理状况,比较对照组和干预组、肾活检前后心理变化,分析影响患儿心理的因素.结果 对照组肾穿刺活检术前SCARED总分为(52.34±15.83)分、干预组为(50.73±14.97)分,均高于国内常模[(33.94±5.78)分];经过术前谈话及心理干预后SCARED总分降低;干预组手术前后SCARED总分变化较对照组升高,而DSRSC总分患儿肾穿刺活检术前后与国内常模比较,差异均无统计学意义;患儿年龄、家庭属地、家属文化程度对患儿焦虑性情绪影响均有统计学意义;手术前后躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖等因子得分均高于国内常模,患儿术后较术前焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子得分降低;干预组手术前后焦虑、敌对、恐怖等因子得分差异与对照组比较有统计学意义.结论 肾穿刺活检患儿术前心理状态受多因素影响.术前患儿多存在焦虑、敌对、恐惧等心理问题.合理的心理干预可降低患儿对手术的恐惧及焦虑情绪.     

沙盘游戏对7～14岁焦虑性情绪障碍儿童的疗效

目的 探讨沙盘游戏对7～14岁儿童焦虑性情绪障碍的疗效.方法 20例7～14岁焦虑性情绪障碍儿童随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各10例.治疗组接受8次沙盘游戏治疗,1次/周,50 min/次;对照组不接受沙盘游戏治疗.治疗前后均采用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查(SCARED)表、艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)量表等心理测验工具进行评估,比较2组儿童的焦虑情绪和人格结构的差异,对沙盘游戏治疗儿童焦虑性情绪障碍的疗效进行评价.结果 沙盘游戏治疗后,治疗组SCARED焦虑总分(17.30±4.47)和EPQ情绪稳定性N量表得分(50.80±5.77)均低于对照组SCARED焦虑总分(34.30±4.47)和EPQ情绪稳定性N量表得分(65.50±3.47)(Pa=0);治疗组治疗后SCARED焦虑总分和EPO情绪稳定性N量表得分均明显低于治疗前的SCARED焦虑总分(35.70±8.06)和EPQ情绪稳定性N量表得分(68.70±7.51)(Pa=0);而对照组在治疗后SCABED焦虑总分及EPQ情绪稳定性N量表得分与治疗前SCARED焦虑总分(35.60±4.67)和EPQ情绪稳定性N量表得分(67.10±4.72)比较,均无显著差异(P=0.096,0.078).结论 沙盘游戏疗法能够明显缓解焦虑性情绪障碍儿童的焦虑情绪,可作为治疗儿童焦虑性情绪障碍的方法之一.     

多重侵害青少年情绪问题及其与心理弹性关系研究

目的探讨多重侵害青少年情绪问题及其与心理弹性的关系。方法 2009年5月至8月分层整群抽取山东省临沂、聊城普通中学生3155名,采用青少年侵害问卷(JVQ)自评版、儿童焦虑性情绪筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、心理弹性量表(RS)和一般信息问卷调查。JVQ总分≥5分为筛查阳性,即为多重侵害;多重侵害青少年SCARED总分≥25分为焦虑性情绪阳性,即焦虑组,余为非焦虑组;多重侵害青少年DSRSC总分≥15分为抑郁障碍阳性,即为抑郁组,余为非抑郁组。结果多重侵害青少年533例(16.89%)。多重侵害SCARED总分为(26.68±12.06)分,DSRSC总分(10.73±4.73)明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。SCARED和DSRSC筛查出多重侵害青少年焦虑组288例(54.03%),抑郁组107例(20.07%),均显著高于非多重侵害,差异有统计学意义(χ2=158.89、56.36,P0.01)。多重侵害青少年心理弹性得分与焦虑、抑郁得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.21～-0.39,P0.01)。结论多重侵害青少年存在更多焦虑、抑郁情绪,心理弹性好的青少年焦虑、抑郁情绪较少。     

原发性纤毛运动障碍患儿及其父母焦虑抑郁影响因素分析

背景：国外文献报道原发性纤毛运动障碍（PCD）患儿更易焦虑、抑郁,我国尚无PCD患儿及家长焦虑、抑郁状况的报道。 目的：探讨PCD患儿及家长焦虑、抑郁现状及影响因素。 设计：病例对照研究。 方法：以确诊的>7岁PCD患儿及家长分别为PCD儿童组和PCD父母组;以确诊的哮喘患儿及家长分别为哮喘儿童组和哮喘父母组,以健康儿童及家长分别为对照儿童组和对照父母组,采用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)和抑郁量表(CDI) 评价儿童焦虑和抑郁状况,以焦虑自评量表(SAS)、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES D)评价父母的焦虑和抑郁状况,以Zarit负担量表评估PCD患儿父母照顾负担。分析PCD患儿及家长焦虑和抑郁的影响因素。 主要结局指标：PCD患儿及家长焦虑、抑郁的发生率和影响因素。 结果：PCD儿童组38例、哮喘儿童组76例和对照儿童组76名;PCD父母组、哮喘父母组和对照父母组均为82名。PCD儿童组焦虑发生率和SCARED得分高于哮喘儿童组和对照儿童组（P<0.05）,3组儿童CDI得分及抑郁发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P≥0.05）;父母焦虑发生率、CES D得分和抑郁发生率PCD组高于哮喘组和对照组（P均<0.05）,哮喘组与对照组差异均无统计学意义（P均≥0.05）。父母SAS得分PCD组与哮喘组差异无统计学意义。PCD患儿母亲焦虑发生率、抑郁发生率、CES D评分、SAS评分和Zarit得分均高于父亲（P均<0.05）。多因素二元Logistic回归分析显示,7~17岁PCD患儿,男孩较女孩易发生焦虑,规律气道护理是避免焦虑和抑郁发生的保护因素;4~17岁PCD患儿父母,受教育程度高、有稳定职业、患儿规律运动是避免焦虑发生的保护因素,受教育程度高、患儿近1年住院频率＜1次、患儿规律运动是避免抑郁发生的保护因素,Zarit负担量表得分高是焦虑和抑郁发生的危险因素。 结论：PCD患儿焦虑发生率较高,受性别和气道护理情况影响。PCD患儿父母焦虑、抑郁发生率较高,受职业、受教育程度、照顾负担、患儿运动情况及患儿近1年住院频率影响。     

慢性病儿童应激源 应对方式及心理状态的研究

目的：在治疗慢性病儿童的同时,了解患儿的应激源、应对方式及心理状态,对于帮助他（她）们更好地应对慢性病的挑战、适应慢性病的状态是非常有帮助的。该研究旨在了解我国慢性病儿童的应激源、应对方式、心理状态及其影响因素,为儿科工作者提供信息,为临床干预提供依据。方法：对203名8~16岁慢性病儿童进行调查,采用半结构访谈方式了解其应激源,采用CODI自评应对方式量表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）了解其应对方式及焦虑、抑郁状态。 结果：①患儿应激源主要包括学习、疾病治疗、日常生活、与同学/伙伴关系4个方面。②患儿最常采用的应对方式是“幻想”,其次是“接受”,“负性情绪反应”使用率最少。③慢性病儿童焦虑、抑郁量表得分均高于常模。被调查者中,43.8%患儿存在焦虑障碍,30.0%存在抑郁障碍,26.1%同时存在焦虑和抑郁障碍。 结论：慢性病儿童应激源较多,虽然相对较多采用积极应对方式,但其焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍仍比较普遍而且严重,应引起关注。     

注意缺陷多动障碍共患焦虑和抑郁情况及其行为特点的研究

评估注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿共患焦虑和抑郁情况,同时探讨共患疾病对其行为的影响特点。方法　2007-2009年在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童精神卫生专科门诊收集105例ADHD患儿,年龄8～14岁,均符合DSM-IV诊断标准,但不存在对立违抗障碍、品行障碍和抽动障碍。于某学校选取66名同年龄段,无ADHD、对立违抗障碍、品行障碍和抽动障碍的学生作对照组。对所有研究对象采用ADHD诊断量表、Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL） 、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）进行评定,对照组儿童经SCARED、DSRSC评定后选择正常的43名作为正常对照组用于分析。结果　105例ADHD中39例（37.1%）共患焦虑,66名对照组中13例（19.7%）共患焦虑,两者间差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 5.829,P = 0.016）。ADHD共患抑郁者33例31.4%）,对照组10例（15.2%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 5.704,P = 0.017）。ADHD同时共患焦虑与抑郁者16例（15.2%）,对照组中未发现共患焦虑与抑郁者。ADHD患儿CBCL社会能力得分均低于对照组,行为问题得分除躯体主诉外均显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（分别P = 0.000～0.010、P = 0.000～0.007）。ADHD单纯共患焦虑组CBCL躯体主诉得分显著高于单纯ADHD组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;ADHD单纯共患抑郁组CBCL焦虑/抑郁得分显著高于单纯ADHD组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;ADHD同时共患焦虑与抑郁组CBCL退缩、躯体主诉、焦虑/抑郁、思维问题、注意问题和内化性问题均显著高于单纯ADHD组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论　ADHD患儿有较高的抑郁和焦虑共患情况,同时共患抑郁与焦虑的ADHD患儿存在更多的行为问题,需要更多的精神卫生服务。     

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目的探讨Tourette综合征(TS)患儿的情绪问题、社会适应能力和视感知功能。方法采用儿童社交焦虑量表(SAS)、儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRS)、儿童适应行为量表(SAB)和本顿视觉保持测验(BVRT),对2003年10月至2004年12月武汉市儿童医院收治的48例8~12岁TS患儿的焦虑、抑郁、适应行为和视感知功能进行测试,并与46名正常儿童相比较。结果TS组的SAS总分和DSRS总分均明显高于对照组儿童(P<0.01);在SAB测试中,TS组的独立功能因子及社会/自制因子T分明显低于对照组儿童(P<0.01),而适应行为商和认知功能因子T分与对照组相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);TS组的BVRT测试中所有正确得分及错误得分与对照组相比差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论TS患儿存在焦虑、抑郁和社会适应能力低下,其独立生活、社会交往及自制能力差,而视感知功能正常。     

学龄期儿童神经性尿频与心理状况关系的临床研究

目的：探讨焦虑、抑郁心理与学龄期儿童神经性尿频发生的关系。方法：选取136例9~12岁神经性尿频患儿为病例组,136例9~12岁健康儿童为对照组。以儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）评价患儿焦虑心理,以儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）评价患儿抑郁心理,比较两组焦虑和抑郁的发生率以及两组SCARED和DSRSC评分,并运用logistic 多元回归分析探讨焦虑和抑郁心理与神经性尿频发生的关系。结果：病例组焦虑和抑郁的发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P23分者(即存在焦虑)神经性尿频发病风险为SCARED≤23者的1.224倍;DSRSC筛查≥15分者(即存在抑郁)神经性尿频发病风险为DSRSC<15者的1.148倍。结论：焦虑和抑郁心理参与了学龄期儿童神经性尿频的发病。     

Effect of Face-to-Face Education on Anxiety and Pain in Children with Minor Extremity Injuries Undergoing Outpatient Suturing in Emergency Department

Objective

To assess the effect of face-to-face education on anxiety and pain in children with minor extremity injuries undergoing outpatient suturing.

Methods

Children in intervention and control groups received face-to-face education (10 minutes) and no specific education, respectively. The anxiety and pain was measured using Modified-Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, and pain by Faces Pain Scale–Revised, respectively in 3 stages viz, pre-procedure and pre-intervention, post-procedure.

Results

Children in the intervention group were less anxious than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (41.1 (13.8) vs. 46.3 (19.1), respectively, P=0.03) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (32.3 (17.2) vs. 40.2 (12.9), respectively, P=0.01). Children in the intervention group experienced less pain than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.9 (3.8) vs. 4.9 (3.1), respectively, P<0.001) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.1 (1.2) vs. 4.0 (2.1), respectively, P=0.001).

Conclusions

Face-to-face education could reduce anxiety and pain in children undergoing suturing in the emergency department.

     

Temperamental traits and psychological problems of children with bronchial asthma

Children with persistent asthma were compared with an age and sex matched control group for psychological problems and temperamental traits. Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule (CPMS) and Temperament Measurement Schedule were used to assess psychological problems and temperamental traits, respectively. 69% of children in the study group scored more than the cut-off score on the CPMS compared to 13% in the control group (P < 0.01). Children in the study group showed significantly more behavior problems, conduct symptoms, anxiety, depression and emotional problems compared to children in the control group. Children with asthma also received significantly low score on the temperament dimension of rhythmicity.     

Pediatric chronic daily headache associated with school phobia

Background:  Children and adolescents with school phobia sometimes complain of severe and persistent headaches that are diagnosed as chronic daily headache (CDH).
Methods:  We investigated 24 children with CDH and school phobia, and 26 children with CDH but without school phobia.
Results:  Of 24 children with CDH and school phobia, 4% had chronic migraine (CM), 46% had chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and 50% had both CTTH and migraine. However, of 26 children with CDH but without school phobia, 61% had CM, 24% had CTTH, 11% had CTTH and migraine, and 4% had new daily-persistent headache. There was a significantly higher rate of CTTH and both CTTH and migraine in children with CDH and school phobia than that in children with CDH but without school phobia ( P  < 0.0001). All of the 24 children with CDH and school phobia were found to have psychiatric disorders. Of 24 children, 71% were found to have adjustment disorders, 21% were found to have anxiety disorders, and 8% were found to have conversion disorder. Of 26 children with CDH but without school phobia, only 20% were found to have psychiatric disorders. There was a significantly higher rate of psychiatric disorders in children with CDH and school phobia than in children with CDH but without school phobia ( P  < 0.0001).
Conclusions:  Our study indicated that children with CDH and school phobia had problems in school and/or family and psychiatric disorders. They should be diagnosed and treated attentively not only for headaches but also for their psychosocial problems and psychiatric disorders.     

Niveau d’anxiété et refus scolaire dans les troubles anxieux chez l’adolescent

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to compare the level of anxiety on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in two groups of anxious secondary school children, one group out of school meeting the criteria of School Refusal and the other in school. The secondary objective was to compare these groups on other clinical, sociodemographic and therapeutic parameters.Patient and methodRetrospective observational study of 34 school-going anxious teenagers recruited at the University Hospital of Montpellier, compared with 55 out of school anxious teenagers meeting the criteria of Anxious School Refusal recruited in a multicentre study.ResultsThere was no significant intergroup difference in median scores on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (P = 0.49), but a significant intergroup difference in median scores was found on the Behavioural Anxiety and Phobia Scale with higher total scores in the School Refusal group (151.5 [130.5; 169.0] vs. 125.0 [94.0; 139.0], P < 0.01). The School Refusal group was more likely to have a panel of anxiety disorders including agoraphobia, separation anxiety, depressive disorders, more impaired global functioning and more likely to receive psychotropic medication (P < 0.01). There were no significant intergroup differences in sociodemographic characteristics except age.DiscussionThe absence of significant intergroup differences in the level of anxiety measured with the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children could be related to a lower level of anxiety in the school refusal group due to school refusal. The higher anxiety score with the Behavioural Anxiety and Phobia Scale in the refusal group could be related to their better sensitivity. The clinical picture in the refusal group, both more severe and with co-morbidities, is comparable to what is described in the literature.ConclusionA higher level of anxiety was not associated with school refusal according to main endpoints in teenagers with anxiety disorders. However, this group had other criteria of greater clinical severity that justify early identification.