正确滴眼药水的7个步骤

眼睛无小事,滴眼药水的方法不当,不仅影响药效,还会产生不良后果,自然要好好研究一番。     

卡替洛尔滴眼液联合阿托品滴眼液在青少年近视中的应用

目的探讨卡替洛尔滴眼液联合阿托品滴眼液在治疗青少年近视中的应用。方法将207例青少年近视患者随机分成2组,试验组(103例)同时应用1%卡替洛尔滴眼液和0.5%阿托品滴眼液治疗,2次/d;对照组(104例)单纯给予0.5%阿托品滴眼液。结果两组的非矫正视力和屈光度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),试验组的不良发生发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 1%卡替洛尔滴眼液联合0.5%阿托品滴眼液能有效降低青少年近视患者的屈光度,提高其视力,且有效率高,不良反应少。     

Corneal damage and its recovery after instillation of preservative-free versus preserved latanoprost eye drops

Abstract

Purpose: Latanoprost ophthalmic solution is highly effective as a therapeutic agent for glaucoma and is applied worldwide. However, harmful effects on the corneal surface have been reported regarding the commercially available latanoprost ophthalmic solution. Corneal surface toxicity may be caused by the added preservative of the ophthalmic solution. In order to ascertain whether latanoprost itself can damage the cornea or if this is solely due to the added preservatives, this study attempted to determine the corneal changes that occur at different time periods following usage of preservative-free versus preserved latanoprost eye drops.

Materials and methods: Preservative-free latanoprost eye drops (Monoprost^®) or preserved latanoprost eye drops (Xalatan^®) containing 0.02% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) were instilled in the corneas of rabbits. For each of the two different eye drop solutions, the rabbits used in this experiment were divided into three exposure groups: 1?minute, 24?hour, and 1?week groups. Corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were examined immediately (1?minute) after instillation, at 24?hours after instillation, and at 24?hours after 1?week of daily instillations of latanoprost. Hank’s balanced salt solution was used in the control group.

Results: The mean corneal TER of the control group was 933.8?±?279.0 Ω cm². In preservative-free latanoprost instilled corneas, there was no significant decrease in the TER or morphological changes at any of the time points, with the relative TER values of 117?±?38%, 100?±?34%, and 93?±?21% for 1?minute, 1?day, and 1?week time points, respectively. In preserved latanoprost instilled corneas, SEM showed that only the immediate group exhibited superficial cell damage and a significant decrease in the corneal TER compared to the controls and other time points and to the immediate preservative-free latanoprost corneas. In the preserved latanoprost groups, the relative TER values were 18?±?5%, 110?±?28%, and 92?±?10%, for the three respective observation time points.

Conclusions: Preservative-free latanoprost can be safely instilled to the corneal epithelium. Latanoprost with 0.02% BAC has an immediate deleterious impact on the corneal epithelium; however, it disappears within 24?hours after instillation.     

环孢素眼用制剂的研究现状

干眼病等许多眼部疾病均与人体自身免疫有关,目前普遍采用的治疗药物有环丙沙星和氯霉素,但这二者分别可引起轻度的胃肠道副作用和白细胞减少甚至再生障碍性贫血.环孢素A是一种免疫调节剂,可抑制T细胞的扩增,其眼用制剂对许多眼科疾病有较好的疗效,副作用少.本文对近年来环孢素眼用制剂的研究现状进行综述.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定氯霉素滴眼液含量

目的：建立测定氯霉素滴眼液含量的方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色普法，以C18为固定相，以甲醇－水（1：1）为流动相，检测波长278nm。结果：氯霉素在50－150μg.ml^-1浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系，平均回收经为99．9％，与药典方法相比差异无显著性（P＝95％）。结论：本法简便，快速，准确，线性范围宽，可有效测定氯霉素滴眼液含量。     

Local and systemic effects of pindolol eye drops.

Local (reduction of intraocular pressure) and systemic (inhibition of exercise-induced tachycardia) effects of 1% and 0.25% pindolol eye drops have been studied in a balanced cross-over double-blind trial in 12 healthy volunteers. Both concentrations produced a comparable reduction in intraocular pressure while the inhibition of exercise tachycardia was significantly less with the lower concentration.     

普拉洛芬联合玻璃酸钠治疗干眼症疗效观察

目的：观察普拉洛芬滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗干眼症临床疗效观察。方法回顾我院门诊2010年9月~2013年6月诊断为干眼症的病例120例240只眼,随机分成对照组和治疗组。对照组给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液,治疗组给予普拉洛芬滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液。同时两组均给予物理方法治疗,如眼睑清洁热敷、睑板腺按摩等,比较两组的疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为88.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗干眼症,有显著疗效。     

玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合氟米龙滴眼液治疗干眼症的临床研究

目的：探讨玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合氟米龙滴眼液治疗干眼症的临床疗效。方法：将139例（196眼）干眼症患者随机分为观察组70例（98眼）,对照组69例（98眼）,对照组仅给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液滴眼,观察组加用氟米龙滴眼液,比较两组的疗效。结果：观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为81.63%、100.00%,显著高于对照组的36.73%、85.71%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论：玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合氟米龙滴眼液治疗干眼症效果确切,治愈率高,可进行临床推广。     

地夸磷索滴眼液在干眼治疗中的应用

干眼指由任何原因造成的泪液质或量异常或动力学异常,导致泪膜稳定性下降,从而出现眼部不适、眼表组织病变的一类疾病,目前其治疗包括病因治疗、药物治疗、手术治疗等。地夸磷索是一种嘌呤P2Y2受体激动剂,可促进泪液和黏蛋白的分泌。3%地夸磷索滴眼液在水液缺乏型、蒸发过强型、黏蛋白缺乏型、混合型干眼中应用,表现出良好的临床疗效。3%地夸磷索滴眼液常见不良反应有眼部刺激、眼分泌物增多等,多程度轻微,患者耐受性良好。     

Hydroxypropyl-guar gellable lubricant eye drops for dry eye treatment

The combined use of low dose heparin and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa blockers is standard treatment during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Bivalirudin has a different mechanism of anticoagulant action than heparin. In REPLACE-2, patients undergoing PCI were randomised to bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa blockade or heparin and planned GP IIb/IIIa blockade. The primary quadruple composite end point was death, myocardial infarction, urgent repeat revascularisation or in-hospital major bleeding by 30 days, and statistical analysis showed that bivalirudin was not inferior to heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa blockade. There were fewer major and minor bleeding events with bivalirudin than with heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa blockade. Bivalirudin and provisional GP IIb/IIIa blockade should now be considered as an alternative to heparin plus planned GP IIb/IIIa blockade in patients undergoing urgent or elective revascularisation.     

Comparison of azelastine eye drops with levocabastine eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

A randomised, multicentre parallel group study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.05% azelastine eye drops (101 patients) in an open manner with 0.05% levocabastine eye drops (103 patients) and in a double-blind manner with placebo (103 patients) during a 14-day treatment period involving patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. The three main eye symptoms, scored on a four-point scale, were itching, lacrimation and conjunctival redness; the primary efficacy variable was the responder rate on day 3. Responders were patients whose sum score of the three main eye symptoms decreased by at least three points from a baseline score of at least six points. In addition to these main symptoms, five other symptoms were recorded on days 0, 3, 7 and 14, and patients kept daily diaries of the three main eye symptoms and swollen eyelids. The responder rate after 3 days of treatment was 69% in patients treated with azelastine, 59% in patients treated with levocabastine and 51% in the placebo group. Only the difference in responder rates between azelastine and placebo eye drops was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The improvements in other ocular symptoms and entries in the patients' diaries closely reflected the changes reported by the investigators. No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study. Nine patients (three in the azelastine, five in the levocabastine and one in the placebo group) terminated the study prematurely due to poor tolerability. Adverse drug reactions, mainly a mild, transient irritation and a bitter or unpleasant taste, were reported in 37% of patients receiving azelastine eye drops, 31% of patients receiving levocabastine and 9% of placebo patients. Overall tolerability was assessed as very good or good in 86% of azelastine- and levocabastine-treated patients, and in 95% of the patients receiving placebo. The results of this study indicate that azelastine possesses a tolerability profile at least comparable to that of levocabastine eye drops, but additionally appears to have a slightly quicker onset of effect, and confirm the therapeutic potential of azelastine eye drops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.     

盐酸环丙沙星滴眼液的制备

本文介绍了盐酸环丙沙星滴眼液的处方设计，制备方法，质量控制及稳定性实验结果。     

依诺沙星滴眼液质量评价

目的通过对4家生产企业的50批依诺沙星滴眼液的质量分析,评价依诺沙星滴眼液的质量现状。方法采用现行法定标准及探索性研究的检测方法,分析pH对依诺沙星溶解性的影响、有关物质、抑菌剂使用的合理性等项目,探讨依诺沙星滴眼剂处方及工艺的合理性。结果按法定标准检验50批依诺沙星滴眼液,合格率为100%;但探索性研究发现,仅66%的产品中抑菌剂的含量在处方量的80%~120%范围,两家企业处方中的抑菌剂含量偏高,部分处方不合理。结论国内依诺沙星滴眼液整体质量亟待提高。     

诺氟沙星滴眼液的稳定性

研究诺氟沙星滴眼液稳定性,并预测其室温贮存有效期。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定诺氟沙星滴眼剂含量采用初匀速法预测其有效期。结果：诺氟沙星滴眼液稳定性好,室温２５℃贮存期２．５年。结论：初匀速法预测药品有效期简便、省时,适用于医院制剂性研究。