非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗疗效观察

目的　探讨三维适形大分割照射结合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)的疗效。方法　4 3例NSCLC中鳞癌 30例、腺癌 10例、腺鳞癌 3例。全部患者放射治疗前均用健择 (10 0 0mg/m2 第 1、8天 )和顺铂 (30mg/m2 第 1～ 3天 )化疗 3个周期 ,2 1d为一疗程。放射治疗采取肿瘤直径≤ 7cm者 5～7个适形野 ,>7cm者 3～ 4个适形野 ;4 8～ 6 0Gy ,8～ 10分次 ,2 1～ 2 4d完成。锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者用 12MeV的电子线常规分割放射治疗 ,剂量 6 6～ 70Gy ,7周完成。结果　 4 3例近期疗效中 ,12例完全缓解 (CR) ,2 2例部分缓解 (PR) ,4例稳定 (NC) ,5例进展 (PD) ,肿瘤总有效 (CR +PR)率为 79.1%(34/ 4 3)。 1、2、3年生存率分别为 75 .2 %、5 3.2 %、35 .4 %。结论　三维适形大分割照射结合化疗治疗NSCLC有较好的疗效 ,更远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

三维适形低分割放射治疗老年非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的　探讨三维适形低分割放射治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法　 4 5例患者均采用低分割治疗 ,处方剂量为 4～ 5Gy,隔日 1次 ,总量 4 8～ 5 5Gy。结果　CR 2 3例 ( 5 1.1% ) ,PR 15例( 33.3% ) ,NC 5例 ( 11.1% ) ,PD 2例 ( 4 .4 % ) ,RR 38例 ( 84 .4 % )。 1、2、3年生存率分别为 6 6 .7%、4 8.9%、39.1%。结论　三维适形放射治疗对于老年非小细胞肺癌是一种反应较小 ,痛苦较轻 ,安全有效的治疗措施     

Clinical outcomes of 3D conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy for one or two lung tumors using a stereotactic body frame

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three-dimensional (3D) conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy for one or two lung tumors using a stereotactic body frame. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients who were treated between July 1998 and November 2000 and were followed for >10 months were included in this study. Of the 40 patients, 31 had primary lung cancer and 9 had metastatic lung cancer. The primary lung cancer was staged as T1N0M0, T2N0M0, and T3N0M0 in 19, 8, and 4 patients, respectively. The primary sites of metastatic lung cancer were the colon in 4, tongue in 2, and osteosarcoma, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma in 1 each. 3D treatment planning was performed to maintain the target dose homogeneity within 15% and to decrease the irradiated lung volume from >20 Gy to <25%. All patients were irradiated using a stereotactic body frame and received 4 times 10-12 Gy single high-dose radiation at the isocenter during a period of 5-13 days (median 12). RESULTS: The initial 3 patients received 40, and the remaining 37 patients received 48 Gy after dose escalation. Of the 33 tumors followed >6 months, 6 tumors (18%) disappeared completely after treatment. Twenty-five tumors (76%) decreased in size by 30% or more after treatment. Therefore, 31 tumors (94%) showed a local response. During the follow-up of 4-37 months (median 19), no pulmonary complications greater than National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 2 were noted. Of the 16 patients with histologically confirmed T1N0M0 primary lung cancer who received 48 Gy, all tumors were locally controlled during the follow-up of 6-36 months (median = 19). In 9 tumors with lung metastases that were irradiated with 48 Gy in total, 2 tumors did not show a local response. Finally, 3 tumors (33%) with lung metastases relapsed locally at 6-12 months (median 7) after treatment during the follow-up of 3-29 months (median 18). CONCLUSION: 3D conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy of 48 Gy in 4 fractions using a stereotactic body frame was useful for the treatment of lung tumors.     

Cone-beam computed tomography in hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To assess interfraction translational and rotational setup errors, in patients treated with image-guided hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, immobilized by a thermoplastic mask and a bite-block and positioned using stereotactic coordinates. METHODS: 37 patients with 47 brain metastases were treated with hypofractionated stererotactic radiotherapy. All patients were immobilized with a combination of a thermoplastic mask and a bite-block fixed to a stereotactic frame support. Daily cone-beam CT scans were acquired for every patient before the treatment session and were matched online with planning CT images, for 3D image registration. The mean value and standard deviation of all translational (X,Y,Z) and rotational errors (thetax, thetay, thetaz) were calculated for the matching results of bone matching algorithm. RESULTS: A total of 194 CBCT scans were analyzed. Mean +/- standard deviation of translational errors (X, Y, Z) were respectively 0.5 +/- 1.6 mm (range -5.7 and 5.9 mm) in X; 0.4 +/- 2.7 mm (range -8.2 and 12.1 mm) in Y; 0.4 +/- 1.9 mm (range -7.0 and 14 mm) in Z; median and 90th percentile were respectively within 0.5 mm and 2.4 mm in X, 0.3 mm and 3.2 mm in Y, 0.3 mm and 2.2 mm in Z. Mean +/- standard deviation of rotational errors (thetax, thetay, thetaz) were respectively 0.0 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees (thetax) (range -6.0 degrees and 3.1 degrees); -0.1 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees (thetay) (range -3.0 degrees and 2.4 degrees); -0.6 degrees +/- 1.4 degrees (thetaz) (range -5.0 degrees and 3.3 degrees). Median and 90th percentile of rotational errors were respectively within 0.1 degrees and 1.4 degrees (thetax), 0.0 degrees and 1.2 degrees (thetay), 0.0 degrees and 0.9 degrees (thetaz). Mean +/- SD of 3D vector was 3.1 +/- 2.1 mm (range 0.3 and 14.9 mm); median and 90th percentile of 3D vector was within 2.7 mm and 5.1 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy have the significant limitation of uncertainty in interfraction repeatability of the patient setup; image-guided radiotherapy using cone-beam computed tomography improves the accuracy of the treatment delivery reducing setup uncertainty, giving the possibility of 3-dimensional anatomic informations in the treatment position.     

大分割三维适形放疗在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的应用

背景与目的：采用常规分割放射治疗治疗非小细胞肺癌其局部控制率较低，在适形放疔技术下可以采用大分割放疗，有望提高其局部控制率，但合适的分割剂量和毒性还需要深入研究。本研究前瞻性评估采用大分割三维适形放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性和有效性。方法：根据剂量体积直方图V20（受到20Gy以上照射的肺的体积占全肺体积的比例）水平将患者分成3组治疗：①低V20组（V20≤20％组），②中V20组（20％〈V20〈30％组），③高V20组（V20≥30％组），每5例患者为一组依次进入上述3个V20水平进行试验，放疗方法为三维适形放疔，每次3Gy，总剂量57～66Gy，4～5周完成。最大耐受剂量定义为10例患者中有至少有8例患者能耐受剂量限制毒性（≥Ⅲ级的放射性损伤）。放射毒性分级采用美国肿瘤放射治疗协作组（RTOG）早期和晚期损伤标准。所有患者不进行同期放化疔。结果：低V20组，共10例患者完成试验，无≥HI级的放射性肺炎发生；中V20组，先5例患者中有1例发生Ⅲ级放射性肺炎，再增加5例患者后无发生≥Ⅲ级的放射性肺炎；高V20组，5例患者中有2例发生Ⅲ级放射性肺炎，1例发生Ⅳ级放射性肺炎而死亡。没有≥Ⅲ级的放射性食管炎：25例患者中有8例达到完全缓解（32％），13例达到部分缓解（52％）．3例稳定（12％），1例进展（4％）。结论：进行大分割三维适形放疗时，把V20控制在30％以下是可行的，当V20≥30％时应改为姑息性放疗。其有效性需要进一步研究。     

大分割三维适形放疗治疗不能手术原发性肝癌

背景与目的：在原发性肝癌患者中，大部分失去手术机会，三维适形放疗（3-DCRT）因为具有物理剂量分布优势而被越来越多应用于本类病例治疗。本研究着眼于评价大分割3-DCRT治疗不能手术原发性肝癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法：对52例原发性肝癌行3-DCRT，≥90％等剂量面包括计划肿瘤区域（PTV），单次剂量3．54～6．31Gy，照射次数7～15次。采用SPSS10．0统计软件，生存率以Kaplan—Meier法计算，近期疗效和放射反应评价采用x^2检验，相关因素对预后的影响采用Cox回归。结果：1、2年生存率分别为64．1％和12．6％，中位生存期13个月。近期有效率（CR＋PR）55．8％，肿块小于6cm及大于6cm者有效率分别为91．7％和45．0％（P=0．007）。肝脏急性不良反应Ⅰ级5例，1例发生严重放射性肝损伤，Ⅰ／Ⅱ级上消化道反应分别为23例（44．2％）和15例（28．8％）。肿块较大和合并门静脉痛栓（PVTT）为影响生存率的危险冈素（P值分别为0．042和0．001）。结论：3-DCRT治疗不能手术原发性肝癌在可接受的毒副作用前提下可获得一定的疗效，肿块较大和合并门静脉癌栓为影响生存率的危险因素。     

局部晚期前列腺癌大分割适形放疗初探

目的:初步评价大分割三维适形放疗(hypofractionated 3dimensional conformal radiotherapy,HFCRT)对局部晚期前列腺癌的治疗作用.方法:回顾18例曾接受HFCRT的局部晚期(T4期)前列腺癌病例资料.9例单纯HFCRT,40-56Gy/10-16次/2.5-4周;另9例先全盆腔照射36-40Gy/18-20次/3.5-4周,再以HFCRT加量16-20Gy/4-5次/2-3周.分析放疗的生物效应剂量、肿瘤局控效果及临床疗效和不良反应.结果:肿瘤平均生物效应剂量约(125±9.8)Gy(α/β值取2.6Gy).肿瘤局部疗效CR 8例,PR 10例.主要临床症状体征明显改善;无≥Ⅲ级放射损伤 (RGOT和EORTC毒性标准).结论:HFCRT对局部晚期前列腺癌有很好的治疗作用,高分次剂量可能是重要的有利因素之一.     

局部晚期前列腺癌大分割适形放疗初探

目的：初步评价大分割三维适形放疗（hypofractionated 3dimensional conformal radiotherapy, HFCRT ）对局部晚期前列腺癌的治疗作用。方法：回顾18例曾接受HFCRT的局部晚期（Td期）前列腺癌病例资料。9例单纯HFCRT,40—56Gy／10—16次／2．5—4周;另9例先全盆腔照射36—40Gy／18—20次／3．5—4周,再以HFCRT加量16—20Gy／4—5次／2—3周。分析放疗的生物效应剂量、肿瘤局控效果及临床疗效和不良反应。结果：肿瘤平均生物效应剂量约（125±9．8）Gy（a／13值取2．6Gy）。肿瘤局部疗效CR8例,PR10例。主要临床症状体征明显改善;无≥Ⅲ级放射损伤（RGOT和EORTC毒性标准）。结论：HFCRT对局部晚期前列腺癌有很好的治疗作用,高分次剂量可能是重要的有利因素之一。     

Phase II trial of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: results and toxicity.

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate efficacy and side effects of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hfSRT) for irresectable brain metastases not amenable to radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1/2003 to 2/2005, 51 patients with 72 brain metastases were included in a prospective phase II-trial and accepted for treatment at the dedicated stereotactic radiosurgery system Novalis (BrainLAB, Heimstetten, Germany). In case of planned or prior whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), hfSRT was to be performed with 5 x 6 Gy, otherwise with 5 x 7 Gy. This dose was prescribed to the 90% isodose line which should cover 100% of the planning target volume (PTV). RESULTS: Rates of complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), no change (NC) and progressive disease (PD) were 66.7%, 18.1%, 12.5% and 2.8%, respectively, after a median follow-up of 7 months. Median survival was 11 months. Disease-specific survival and survival related to brain metastases were strongly associated with the size of gross tumor volume (GTV), the planning target volume (PTV), Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and number of metastases. Side effects, i.e., increase in T2w-signal area, duration of steroid intake and size of new or progressive necrotic centre of metastasis, were dependent on the volume of normal brain irradiated with more than 4 Gy per fraction (V(4Gy)). Significantly more patients with a V(4Gy)> or =23 cc developed radiological signs of side effects from hfSRT. CONCLUSION: Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with 5 x 6-7 Gy is an effective and safe treatment for brain metastases not amenable to single high-dose radiosurgery. The normal brain volume receiving >4 Gy per fraction may not exceed 20 cc.     

低分割三维适形放射结合介入治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效

背景与目的肝细胞癌常伴有门静脉癌栓且预后极差,有学者用三维适形放射治疗常规剂量分割模式进行治疗取得了较好的疗效。本研究的目的是评价低分割三维适形放射治疗(3-dimensionalconformalradiationtherapy,3DCRT)结合经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheterarterialchemoembolization,TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)伴门静脉癌栓(portalveintumorthrombus,PVTT)的疗效。方法对35例不能手术切除的HCC伴PVTT患者,采用低分割3DCRT结合TACE进行治疗,根据肿瘤体积大小,放射采用每次4～8Gy,3次/周;48～60Gy,8～12分次,3.0～3.5周完成。观察近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险模型作多因素分析。结果肿瘤缓解率为71.4%,1、2、3年累积生存率分别是59.3%、31.6%、26.6%,中位生存期11个月。多因素分析显示Child分级是影响预后的主要因素(P<0.05)。放射性肝炎和胃肠道出血是最常见的并发症。结论大分割3DCRT结合TACE治疗HCC伴PVTT有较好的疗效。肝功能Child分级与患者的预后有密切关系。     

立体定向三维适形放射治疗30例脑胶质瘤

目的:探索立体定向三维适形放射治疗脑胶质瘤的疗效和放射反应。方法:30例脑胶质瘤患者,其中术后残留者21例,术后复发者5例,放疗后复发者4例。利用CT模拟定位及三维重建,通过三维适形放射治疗系统,设放射野5~7个,采用圆形限光筒同中心非共面照射7例,多叶光栏或挡铅技术照射23例。取包绕靶区(PTV)90%的等剂量曲线计算,PTV边缘剂量每次6Gy,隔日1次,每周3次,共7次,总剂量42Gy,相当于常规分割照射等效生物效应剂量(BED)56Gy/28F。结果:放射治疗后1~3个月内,根据MRI或MRI CT复查;CR12例(40.0%),PR10例(33.3%),NC6例(20.0%),PD2例(6.7%)。有效率(CR PR)为73.3%。0.5、1、2、3年总生存率分别为93.3%,77.8%,71.31和53.18%。副反应除个别有轻度恶心,头昏外均未见其他严重副反应。结论:立体定向三维适形放射治疗脑胶质瘤是一种安全有效的方法,副反应小,能为大多数患者所耐受,有较好的近期疗效;远期疗效和后期放射损伤有待进一步观察。     

三维适形放疗配合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤的疗效观察

Objective: To observe the recently therapeutic effects and toxicity of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with whole brain irradiation for patients with brain metastasis. Methods: 33 cases were treated by whole brain irradiation at first, the dose of which was 36-40 Gy (18-20 f). Then three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was added to the focus with a total dose of 20-25 Gy, whose fractionated dose was 2-5 Gy/time, 5 times/week or 3 times/week. Results: Within 1 month after radiotherapy, according to imaging of the brain, the CR of all patients was 45.5%, PR 36.4%, NC 15.1%, and PD 3%. For the 32 cases with neural symptoms before radiation, the CR of the symptoms was 40.6% and PR 59.4%. All patients gained different increases in KPS grade. By the end of the follow-up period, there were 22 deaths with the mean survival time up to 9.3 months. Conclusion: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with whole brain irradiation can not only effectively control brain metastases and improve life quality, but also tends to prolong survival time.     

大分割适形放射治疗在非小细胞肺癌中的应用

大分割适形放疗技术较常规分割技术能给予肿瘤更高的生物有效剂量,近年来研究显示,对早期不能手术非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者,大分割适形放疗高效低毒,是可选择的治疗方案。许多临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期研究显示,局部晚期NSCLC患者对大分割适形放疗耐受性良好。放射物理学模型和相关临床研究显示,与常规分割放疗模式相比大分割适形放疗不会增加放射性肺炎发生率。     

Univariate analysis of factors correlated with tumor control probability of three-dimensional conformal hypofractionated high-dose radiotherapy for small pulmonary or hepatic tumors

PURPOSE: To show the factors correlated with tumor control probability (TCP) after three-dimensional conformal hypofractionated high-dose radiotherapy (3D-CHHRT) for small pulmonary or hepatic tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We enrolled 34 patients with 42 lesions (13 lung carcinomas, 6 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 23 lung or liver metastases) treated with 3D-CHHRT alone, with simple immobilization devices, between July 1997 and January 2002. We prescribed 45 Gy in three fractions at the 90-100% isodose line of the planning target volume. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-46 months). We calculated the TCP using the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate analysis for the following factors: age, gender, primary site, histologic type, tumor size, and previous treatment. RESULTS: Overall, the 2-year TCP of 3D-CHHRT was 83.6%. Local recurrence was observed in 6 lesions within 1 year after treatment. We showed that tumor size was the only significant factor to correlate with the TCP in univariate analysis. The 2-year TCP for tumors <3 cm or > or =3 cm in diameter was 95.0% and 58.3%, respectively (p = 0.0022). No severe adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION: The TCP for tumors <3 cm in diameter was excellent for 3D-CHHRT.     

Whole pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer using 3D conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations between observed clinical morbidity and dosimetric parameters for whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) for prostate cancer using either three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between December 1996 and January 2002, 27 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma were treated with conformal WPRT as part of their definitive treatment. WPRT was delivered with 3D-CRT in 14 patients and with IMRT in 13 patients. For each of the patients treated with IMRT, optimized conventional two-dimensional (2D) and 3D-CRT plans were retrospectively generated for the whole pelvic phase of the treatment. Dose-volume histograms for the bowel, bladder, and rectum were compared for the three techniques. Acute toxicities were evaluated for all 27 patients, and late toxicities were evaluated for 25 patients with sufficient follow-up. Toxicities were scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group morbidity grading scales. Median follow-up was 30 months. RESULTS: Three-dimensional-CRT resulted in a 40% relative reduction (p < 0.001) in the volume of bowel receiving 45 Gy compared with 2D, and IMRT provided a further 60% reduction relative to 3D-CRT (p < 0.001). Compared with either 2D or 3D-CRT, IMRT reduced the volume of rectum receiving 45 Gy by 90% (p < 0.001). Overall, 9 patients (33%) experienced acute Grade 2 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, and only 1 of these patients was treated with IMRT. Antidiarrhea medication was required for 6 patients (22%). However, 5 of these 6 patients also received chemotherapy, and none were treated with IMRT. No Grade 3 or higher acute or late GI toxicities were observed. No cases of late radiation enteritis were observed. Acute and late genitourinary toxicity did not appear significantly increased by the addition of conformal WPRT. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional 2D planning, conformal planning for WPRT resulted in significant reductions in the doses delivered to the bowel, rectum, and bladder. IMRT was superior to 3D-CRT in limiting the volume of bowel and rectum within high-dose regions. These dosimetric findings correlated with low rates of acute and late GI morbidity.     

Comparative evaluation of two hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens for painful bone metastases

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: In 75% of the patients with bone metastases (BM) pain is the dominant symptom. Radiotherapy (XRT) plays a major role in the palliation of pain in patients with BM. Several schedules of short and long fractionation XRT are used in clinical practice, with hypofractionated treatments being even more attractive for practical reasons. A considerable body of evidence supports the clinical use of short schedules and single-dose XRT. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of two short fractionated schedules of 8 Gy as a single dose and 20 Gy in 5 fractions in relieving pain in patients with multiple uncomplicated BM. METHOD: From January to December 2001, 130 patients with 146 painful BM were treated with palliative localized XRT. There were 42 males and 88 females with a median age of 58 years (range 28-84). The commonest sites of treatment were the spine (59.6%) and pelvis (14.4%). The primary endpoint was clinically significant pain relief in the first six months of follow-up evaluated with the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) pain measurement score measuring pain severity and pain frequency. Analgesic use was also recorded before and after treatment as drug frequency and drug severity. Patients with painful BM from any primary tumor site were irradiated. Treatment schedules consisted of a course of XRT with 4 Gy/fraction/day (total dose: 20 Gy/5 fractions) (group A, 59 lesions) or with a single dose of 8 Gy (group B, 87 lesions). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in complete response (CR) rates between treatment schedules: complete pain relief was achieved in 17/59 lesions (29%) in the fractionated group and in 29/87 lesions (33%) in the single-dose group. Also the overall response (complete + partial) was similar: 35/59 lesions (60%) in group A and 60/87 (69%) in group B. The minimum, maximum and median follow-up was 3, 23, and 9 months, respectively, for group A and 3, 20, and 11 months for group B. The actuarial median duration of pain relief was similar: 4.5 months in group A and 4 months in group B. No particular side effects were recorded in either group. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences between the two fractionation schedules used in our study with regard to pain relief and use of analgesics. Palliation of pain was obtained in approximately two thirds of patients with both schedules, providing further evidence of the similar efficacy between single and multiple fractions. With regard to pain response these data justify a recommendation for the use of a more simple and convenient 8 Gy single fraction for the palliation of uncomplicated BM.     

Dose-escalated 3D conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer

3D conformal radiotherapy involves the delivery of radiation to a defined 3D tumor volume while minimizing doses to adjacent critical tissues. The use of sophisticated imaging tools and advanced treatment planning software have allowed for better target definition enabling the oncologist to conform or shape radiation volume more closely around the target while minimizing dose to the rectum and bladder. 3D conformal radiotherapy has resulted in dramatic reductions in acute and late toxicity of radiation treatment in prostate cancer. It has also allowed for safe escalation of radiation dose with improved tumor control compared with conventional dose radiotherapy. Long-term tumor control rates with 3D conformal radiotherapy are comparable with results using radical prostatectomy.     

Dose-escalated 3D conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer

3D conformal radiotherapy involves the delivery of radiation to a defined 3D tumor volume while minimizing doses to adjacent critical tissues. The use of sophisticated imaging tools and advanced treatment planning software have allowed for better target definition enabling the oncologist to conform or shape radiation volume more closely around the target while minimizing dose to the rectum and bladder. 3D conformal radiotherapy has resulted in dramatic reductions in acute and late toxicity of radiation treatment in prostate cancer. It has also allowed for safe escalation of radiation dose with improved tumor control compared with conventional dose radiotherapy. Long-term tumor control rates with 3D conformal radiotherapy are comparable with results using radical prostatectomy.     

肺癌应用常规放疗与肺癌三维适形放疗的剂量学优势比较

目的探讨肺癌应用常规放疗(CTP)与肺癌三维适形放疗(3DCRP)的剂量分布,比较分析3D-CRT的优势。方法选取2010年8月至2012年3月间山东省济宁市第一人民医院收治的32例无法耐受手术治疗肺癌患者,均采用美国RAHD 3D-CRT计划系统设计CTP和3D-CRT计划治疗,观察CTP及3D-CRT治疗效果并进行比较。结果 3D-CRT 90%等剂量线包绕靶区大体肿瘤靶区(GTV)、临床靶区(CTV)和计划靶区(PTV)明显大于CTP,两种放疗方法差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相同处方剂量下,3D-CRT CTV最大剂量和最小剂量明显低于CTP,平均剂量和95%体积剂量明显高于CTP,两种放疗方法差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3D-CRT 90%等剂量线包绕肺和心脏体积明显小于CTP,两种放疗方法差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3D-CRT 90%等剂量线包绕食管体积略小于CTP,两种放疗方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3D-CRT全肺照剂量V20、V30和平均肺剂量(MLD)与CTP大致相同,两种放疗方法间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3D-CRT脊髓照射最大剂量和心脏1/3体积照剂量明显低于CTP,两种放疗方法间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3DCRT食管照射最大剂量略高于CTP,两种放疗方法间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3D-CRT靶区适形指数和靶区均匀性指数明显高于CTP,两种放疗方法间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论3D-CRT可有效提高肺癌靶区剂量分布均匀性,降低正常组织器官受照剂量,与CTP比较具有明显的剂量学优势,值得临床推广应用。     

Palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases

Several studies have confirmed that results of different hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules for palliative purpose are similar to those of conventional higher doses. From 1992 to 1993, 56 consecutive patients with brain metastases were irradiated at our Institution. Three different schedules were used ranging between 18 and 40 Gy. Overall survival, clinical and radiological responses were evaluated with regard to schedules and prognostic characteristics of patient population. There were no significant differences between the treatments, even though patients with shorter estimated life expectancy were more likely to be irradiated with more hypofractionated radiotherapy. Short, cost effective treatments appear to be the best therapeutic option both for institution and patients in most palliative cases.