^18F-FDG符合线路显像在结直肠癌术后复发和（或）转移监测中的应用

目的评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）符合线路显像在结直肠癌术后复发和（或）转移监测中的价值。方法对56例结直肠癌术后6个月以上患者行^18F-FDG符合线路显像,经迭代法处理和重建,获得衰减校正后的断层图像,并与同期CT和癌胚抗原（CEA）检查结果进行对比。结果经再次手术病理、肠镜检查和随访观察56例患者中有33例发生复发和（或）转移,^18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断结直肠癌术后复发和（或）转移的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为81．8％（27／33）,87．0％（20／23）,90．0％（27／30）,76．9％（20／26）和83．9％（47／56）;CT分别为69．7％（23／33）,82．6％（19／23）,85．2％（23／27）,65．5％（19／29）和75．0％（42／56）;CEA的诊断效能分别为66．7％（22／33）,43．5％（10／23）,62．9％（22／35）,47．6％（10／21）和57．1％（32／56）。结论^18F-FDG符合线路显像监测结直肠癌术后复发和（或）转移有较大的临床应用价值,尤其在术后CEA水平升高的患者中,其诊断准确性较CT为高。     

Value of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose imaging with dual-head gamma camera in coincidence mode: comparison with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected recurrent head and neck cancers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the value of dual-head gamma-camera (DHGC) imaging in the coincidence mode using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in differentiating recurrent tumor from posttreatment changes in previously treated head and neck cancer. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective study performed with the approval of our Institutional Review Board. Twenty-nine patients with suspected recurrent head and neck cancers were prospectively enrolled in this study. Dual-head gamma-camera imaging in the coincidence mode followed computed tomography (CT; n = 24)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 5) within a period of 1 week (mean = 3.5 days) in all patients. Thirteen patients had definite pathologic confirmation of recurrence by undergoing a biopsy. Sixteen patients, however, did not have a definite pathologic confirmation and were followed clinically. The mean duration of follow-up for the subgroup of patients who were followed clinically was 22.8 months (range: 4-48 months). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for CT/MRI and DHGC imaging in the coincidence mode were calculated. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of CT/MRI in the detection of recurrent cancer were 76.5%, 58.3%, 72.2%, 63.6%, and 69%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity (100%), NPV (100%), and accuracy (82.8%) of DHGC imaging in the coincidence mode were superior to that of CT/MRI. Dual-head gamma-camera imaging in the coincidence mode had a specificity (58.3%) and PPV (77.3%) comparable to those of CT/MRI. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that modified positron emission tomography with DHGC imaging in the coincidence mode is a useful tool in the assessment of recurrent head and neck cancer.     

18F-FDG符合线路SPECT显像联合CT、B超、MRI在结直肠癌术后复发及转移中的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像联合传统显像(CT、B 超、MRI)在结直肠癌术后复发及转移中的诊断价值.资料与方法107例结直肠癌术后患者行18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像,并联合 CT、B 超、MRI 诊断结直肠癌术后复发及转移.结果107例患者最终确定复发及转移共29例.18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像与传统显像诊断均为阳性的15例患者中,传统显像检出病灶20个,符合线路 SPECT 显像检出病灶26个.传统显像检出3个符合线路 SPECT 显像未发现的转移病灶,而符合线路 SPECT 显像检出9个传统显像未发现的病灶.18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像诊断结直肠癌术后复发及转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为79.3%、89.7%和86.9%;传统显像的诊断效能分别为62.1%、88.5%和81.3%;二者联合的诊断效能分别为89.7%、92.3%和91.6%.二者联合诊断结直肠癌术后复发及转移的灵敏度和准确率明显优于传统显像(P <0.05).结论18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像联合 CT、B 超、MRI 在监测结直肠癌术后复发及转移中具有重要临床价值.     

18F-FDG PET/CT与PET/MRI在结直肠癌肝转移诊断中的比较分析

目的:比较 18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG） PET/CT与PET/MRI显像对结直肠癌肝转移的诊断价值。 方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2019年9月于宁波明州医院行全身 18F-FDG PET/CT显像及上腹部 18F-FDG PET/MRI显像,并疑似有结直肠癌肝转移...     

自体干细胞移植前后18F-FDG符合线路显像对非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后的评估价值

目的 探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者在自体干细胞移植(ASCT)前后行18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像对于预测患者无进展生存期(PFS)的价值,并将结果 与CT检查进行对比分析.方法 29例经病理检查证实的NHL患者在ASCT前后均进行18F-FDG符合线路显像与CT检查,ASCT后随访时间均>1年.分别计算18F-FDG符合线路显像与CT检查的阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和准确性,采用X2检验比较两者的结果 ,并采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法行PFS分析.结果 ASCT前,18F-FDG显像的PPV、NPV和准确性分别为85.7%(12/14)、73.3%(11/15)和79.3%(23/29),高于CT检查的55.6%(10/18),45.5%(5/11)和51.7%(15/29);而在ASCT后,18F-FDG显像的PPV、NPV和准确性分别为92.3%(12/13)、75.0%(12/16)和82.8%(24/29),也分别高于CT检查的62.5%(10/16),53.8%(7/13)和58.6%(17/29);18?F-FDG显像和CT两者评价准确性差异有统计学意义(X2值分别为4.884和4.077,P均<0.05).ASCT前后18F-FDG显像阴性与阳性病例的PFS差异也有统计学意义(X2值分别为15.839和20.219,P均<0.005),而同期CT检查的阴性与阳性病例PFS差异无统计学意义(X2=2.468,P=0.116).ASCT前后,18F-FDG显像阴性和阳性患者的1年无进展生存率分别为86.7%(13/15)、87.5%(14/16)和28.6%(4/14)、23.1%(3/13).结论 ASCT前后18F-FDG符合线路显像均具有预测NHL预后的价值,且均优于CT检查.     

符合线路SPECT在消化系统肿瘤术后复发转移中的应用研究

探讨18F-FDG符合线路SPECT在消化系统肿瘤术后复发转移中的临床应用价值.材料和方法:对35例临床怀疑复发转移的消化系统肿瘤术后患者行18F-FDG符合线路SPECT显像,对其显像结果进行分析,计算其诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及其95%可信区间,并与B超、CT、MRI的诊断结果相比较.结果:在35例消化系统肿瘤术后患者中,其诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.4%、88.9%、100%、100%、72.7%;其95%可信区间分别为77%～98%、71%～98%、63%～100%、86%～100%、39%～94%.符合线路SPECT的诊断准确率、灵敏度明显高于B超,与CT和MRI的比较尚无显著性差异;95%可信区间分析,结果显示符合线路SPECT高于B超、CT和MRI;18F-FDG符合线路SPECT和B超、CT、MRI联合应用在某些病例的诊断中具有互补性.结论:18F-FDG SPECT/PET显像在消化系统肿瘤术后复发转移的诊断中具有较高的临床应用价值.     

18F-FDG SPECT-CT诊断胃癌术后复发及转移的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG SPECT-CT在监测胃癌术后复发及转移中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析122例胃癌术后患者的SPECT-CT显像资料,结合再次病理检查结果,其中79例与同期增强CT检查及二者联合检查两两比较其在残胃或吻合口复发的诊断效能;109例与同期胃肿瘤标志物结果及二者联合检查两两比较其在评价转移灶的诊断效能.应用SPSS13.0软件进行卡方检验或Fisher精确检验.结果 ①18F-FDG SPECT-CT诊断残胃或吻合口复发的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为84.0％、96.3％、91.3％、92.9％及92.4％;同期增强CT为58.3％、78.2％、53.8％、81.1％及72.2％,其中前者的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及准确率均显著高于增强CT( x2=3.953～11.805,P均＜0.05),阴性预测值虽然高于增强CT,但差异无统计学意义(x2=3.344,P＞0.05);二者联合诊断的指标为:88.0％、98.1％、95.7％、94.6％及94.9％,显著高于增强CT( x2=4.732～10.341,P均＜0.05),二者联合诊断虽然也高于18F-FDG SPECT-CT,但差异均无统计学意义(x2均=0.000,P＞0.05).②18F-FDG SPECT-CT诊断胃癌术后转移的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为92.9％、87.5％、96.3％、80.8％及91.7％;胃肿瘤标志物检测为81.2％、75.0％、92.0％、52.9％及79.8％,其中前者灵敏度、阴性预测值及准确率显著高于胃肿瘤标志物检测(x2=4.026～6.355,P均＜0.05),特异度与阳性预测值虽然也高于胃肿瘤标志物检测,但差异无统计学意义(x2=0.574,x2=0.681,P＞0.05);二者联合诊断的指标分别为96.5％、83.3％、95.3％、87.0％及93.6％,与18F-FDG SPECT-CT大致相仿,且差异均无统计学意义(x2=4.026～6.355,P均＞0.05),但灵敏度、阴性预测值及准确率显著高于胃肿瘤标志物(x2=7.143～10.014,P均＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG SPECT-CT诊断胃癌术后复发及转移具有较大的临床价值.     

Clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing the neck after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for Locoregional advanced head and neck cancer.

For patients with locoregional advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a widely accepted treatment, but the need for subsequent neck dissection remains controversial. We investigated the clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in this setting. METHODS: In this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)-compliant retrospective study, we reviewed the records of patients with HNSCC who were treated by concurrent chemoradiation therapy between March 2002 and December 2004. Patients with lymph node metastases who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT > or = 8 wk after the end of therapy were included. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were validated by biopsy, histopathology of neck dissection specimens (n = 18), or clinical and imaging follow-up (median, 37 mo). RESULTS: Sixty-five patients with a total of 84 heminecks could be evaluated. 18F-FDG PET/CT (visual analysis) detected residual nodal disease with a sensitivity of 71%, a specificity of 89%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 38%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97%, and an accuracy of 88%. Twenty-nine heminecks contained residual enlarged lymph nodes (diameter, > or =1.0 cm), but viable tumor was found in only 5 of them. 18F-FDG PET/CT was true-positive in 4 and false-positive in 6 heminecks, but the NPV was high at 94%. Fifty-five heminecks contained no residual enlarged nodes, and PET/CT was true-negative in 50 of these, yielding a specificity of 96% and an NPV of 98%. Lack of residual lymphadenopathy on CT had an NPV of 96%. Finally, normal 18F-FDG PET/CT excluded residual disease at the primary site with a specificity of 95%, an NPV of 97%, and an accuracy of 92%. CONCLUSION: In patients with HNSCC, normal 18F-FDG PET/CT after chemoradiotherapy has a high NPV and specificity for excluding residual locoregional disease. In patients without residual lymphadenopathy, neck dissection may be withheld safely. In patients with residual lymphadenopathy, a lack of abnormal 18F-FDG uptake in these nodes also excludes viable tumor with high certainty, but confirmation of these data in a prospective study may be necessary before negative 18F-FDG PET/CT may become the only, or at least most-decisive, criterion in the management of the neck after chemoradiotherapy.     

18F-FDG SPECT-CT在宫颈癌监测中的价值

目的 评价18F-FDG SPECT-CT在监测宫颈癌复发和(或)转移中的价值.方法 回顾性分析为评估宫颈癌是否复发和(或)转移而行18F-FDG SPECT-CT的62例患者的临床资料,以二次手术或局部活检病理或临床随访为最终结果,并与同期CT和鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)检查结果对比.结果 经病理或临床随访证实,62例患者中有36例复发和(或)转移.18F-FDG SPECT-CT对宫颈癌复发和(或)转移监测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为94.4%、92.3%、94.4%、92.3%、93.5%;CT分别为69.4%、80.8%、83.3%、65.6%、74.2%;SCCA检查分别为66.7%、46.2%、63.2%、50.0%、58.1%.结论 18F-FDG SPECT-CT监测宫颈癌复发和(或)转移有较大临床价值.     

18F-FDG符合线路显像对食管癌术后复发转移的诊断价值

目的 探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）符合线路显像对食管癌术后复发转移的诊断价值。方法 对29例临床怀疑复发转移的食管鳞状细胞癌术后患者行^18F-FDG符合线路显像，计算其诊断复发转移灶的灵敏度、特异性和准确性，并与CT诊断结果比较。结果 29例患者中符合线路显像真阳性19例，真阴性6例，假阳性、假阴性各2例，其诊断食管癌术后复发转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为90．5％（19／21例）、75．0％（6／8例）和86．2％（25／29例）；而CT诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为71．4％（15／21例）、87．5％（7／8例）和75．9％（22／29例）。在符合线路显像与CT检查均阳性的13例患者中，CT检出病灶20个；而符合线路显像检出27个，比CT多检出的病灶包括食管癌复发，锁骨上、纵隔和肺门淋巴结及骨转移。结论 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像对食管癌术后复发转移的诊断具有较高的临床价值，尤其在临床疑有复发转移而常规影像学检查阴性时有重要意义。     

Is 18F-FDG PET/CT useful for imaging and management of patients with suspected occult recurrence of cancer?

Rising serum tumor markers may be associated with negative imaging in the presence of cancer. CT and (18)F-FDG PET may yield incongruent results in the assessment of tumor recurrence. The present study evaluates the incremental role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis and management of cancer patients with increasing levels of tumor markers as the sole indicator of potential recurrence after initial successful treatment. METHODS: Thirty-six cancer patients with increasing levels of tumor markers during follow-up and negative CT underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT, which showed 111 sites of increased tracer uptake. PET/CT was compared with PET results on a site-based analysis for characterization of (18)F-FDG foci and on a patient-based analysis for diagnosis of recurrence. The clinical impact of PET/CT on further patient management was evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty patients (83%) had recurrence in 85 malignant sites (77%). For the site-based analysis, PET had a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 96%, 50%, 85%, 85%, and 82%, respectively, as compared with the performance indices of PET/CT of 100%, 89%, 97%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the specificity (P < 0.05) and accuracy (P < 0.001) of PET and PET/CT for precise characterization of suspected lesions. For the patient-based analysis, PET had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93%, 50%, and 86%, respectively, as compared with PET/CT with values of 93%, 67%, and 89%, respectively (P = not significant). PET/CT was the single modality that directed further management and treatment planning in 12 patients (33%). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that PET/CT may improve the accuracy of occult cancer detection and further lead to management changes in patients with increasing levels of tumor markers as the sole suspicion of recurrent malignancy.     

Role of 99mTc-octreotide acetate scintigraphy in suspected lung cancer compared with 18F-FDG dual-head coincidence imaging.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of tomographic (99m)Tc-octreotide acetate (hereafter, (99m)Tc-octreotide) scintigraphy in the detection of patients with suspected lung cancer in comparison with that of (18)F-FDG dual-head coincidence imaging (DHC). METHODS: Forty-four consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary neoplasms underwent tomographic (99m)Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and (18)F-FDG coincidence imaging using the same gantry. The region of interest was drawn on the entire primary lesion. The tumor-to-normal tissue tracer values for both (99m)Tc-octreotide and (18)F-FDG were determined using region of interests and expressed as T/N(r) and T/N(m), respectively. Final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-one of the 44 patients had lung cancer-6 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 25 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirteen of the 44 patients had benign lung lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of (99m)Tc-octreotide were 100%, 75.7%, 90.1%, and 100%, respectively, and of (18)F-FDG DHC were 100%, 46.1%, 83.8%, and 100%, respectively. In the 31 patients with malignant tumors, all 38 abnormal lymph nodes in 20 patients showed abnormal high focal uptake of (18)F-FDG; only 7 patients with 10 regional lymph adenopathies showed moderate uptake of (99m)Tc-octreotide. Thirteen patients with 39 distant sites of abnormal uptake visualized (imaging stage IV) with (99m)Tc-octreotide included 2 patients with brain metastases, 6 patients with pleural invasion and multiple bone metastasis, 2 patients with contralateral internal lung metastasis and pleural invasion, and 3 patients with only multiple bone metastasis. The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology or clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-octreotide for the detection of lung cancer at the primary lesion was comparable with that of (18)F-FDG coincidence imaging. Tomographic (99m)Tc-octreotide scintigraphy had lower sensitivity for the detection of hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis compared with that of (18)F-FDG coincidence PET, but it had high sensitivity for the detection of remote metastatic lesions. However, because of the small population, further investigation is necessary.     

^18F-FDG PET／CT在鼻咽癌临床分期和疗效监测中的应用

目的探讨^18F-FDGPET／CT显像在鼻咽癌首次分期、再分期及疗效监测中的临床应用价值。方法通过分析86例鼻咽癌患者^18F-FDGPET／CT扫描结果,结合其他临床资料和随访结果,计算^18F-FDGPET／CT显像的准确性、特异性、灵敏度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值,并与CT、MRI进行比较。结果^18F-FDGPET／CT与CT、MRI诊断鼻咽癌的准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值与阴性预测值的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。依据^18F-FDGPET／CT结果,改变了4例首次分期、14例再分期的临床诊断和22例患者的治疗方案。结论与CT、MRI相比,^18F-FDGPET／CT显像对鼻咽癌的临床分期及疗效监测具有更重要价值。     

18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断骨转移瘤的价值及与99Tcm-MDP骨显像的比较

目的 评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像在骨转移瘤诊断中的价值，并与^99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)骨显像进行比较。方法因怀疑恶性肿瘤或骨转移而行^18F-FDG符合线路显像者55例，41例于^18F-FDG检查前后4周内进行了^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像。其中30例骨转移瘤患者，15例无骨转移瘤，10例^18F-FDG显像示可疑肿瘤直接骨侵犯(单独进行分析)。结果 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像和骨显像对骨转移瘤的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断准确性分别为100％，93％，97％，100％，98％和95％，50％，75％，86％，77％，前者特异性、阳性预测值、诊断准确性显著高于骨显像(P=0．024，0．035，0．007)；^18F-FDG显像发现30例骨转移瘤患者中的20例有骨外原发或转移肿瘤。10例^18F-FDG显像示可疑肿瘤直接骨侵犯患者中，4例被证实有骨受累，6例无骨受累，而骨显像对骨受累情况均作出了正确判断。结论 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像对骨转移瘤的诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异性，并能发现骨外原发或转移性肿瘤；^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像对骨转移瘤也有较高的灵敏度，但特异性较差。     

~(18)F-FDG符合线路显像在喉癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨18F-FDG符合线路显像在喉癌中的应用价值。方法:30例经病理证实的喉癌患者术前行18F-FDG双探头符合线路显像及CT检查。其中28例行手术治疗,以术后病理检查结果作为"金标准",比较18F-FDG符合线路显像及CT检查在原发肿瘤、淋巴结及远处转移(TNM)中的价值。结果:18F-FDG与CT探测淋巴结病变的灵敏度为75.00%和62.50%,特异性78.26%和43.48%,准确性76.36%和54.55%,阴性预测值69.23%和45.45%,阳性预测值82.76%和60.61%,其中特异性、准确性差异有统计学意义(P0.05)1。8F-FDG符合线路显像发现2例有远处转移,改变了治疗方案。结论:18F-FDG符合线路显像在喉癌术前分期和治疗方案的制定中具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with TENIS syndrome: correlation with thyroglobulin levels

Objective

The aim of the study was to disclose the place of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT to predict recurrent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), negative radioiodine whole-body scan (WBS) and high serum thyroglobulin (Tg).

Methods

Seventy-one patients who underwent total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine ablation and had negative radioiodine WBS but elevated Tg levels underwent PET/CT. They were followed up for 6–50 months (median 23) for the occurence of recurrent disease as detected by either clinical findings, other imaging modalities or histopathological examination. The place of PET/CT findings at baseline to predict the presence of recurrent disease was evaluated. Correlation between PET/CT findings and Tg levels was examined and a threshold for Tg level above which the predictive value of PET/CT was highest was determined.

Results

PET/CT was positive for recurrent disease in 38 (53.5 %) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT to predict the occurence of recurrent disease at follow-up were 68.8, 78.3, 86.8, 54.5 and 71.9 %, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy and PPV of PET/CT increased with increasing Tg levels. The highest diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT, with a sensitivity of 76.2 % and a specificity of 100 % to detect recurrent disease appeared to be at a Tg level greater than 29 ng/mL.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool to predict the occurence of recurrent disease in patients with DTC, negative WBS and elevated Tg levels. PET/CT positivity has been shown to be strongly and positively correlated with Tg levels in this patient subset.     

Diagnostic performance of <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body suppression (DWIBS) in detection of lymph node and bone metastases from pediatric neuroblastoma

Objective

Recent many studies have shown that whole body “diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression” (DWIBS) seems a beneficial tool having higher tumor detection sensitivity without ionizing radiation exposure for pediatric tumors. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of whole body DWIBS and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node and bone metastases in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.

Methods

Subjects in this retrospective study comprised 13 consecutive pediatric patients with neuroblastoma (7 males, 6 females; mean age, 2.9?±?2.0 years old) who underwent both ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body DWIBS. All patients were diagnosed as neuroblastoma on the basis of pathological findings. Eight regions of lymph nodes and 17 segments of skeletons in all patients were evaluated. The images of ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy/SPECT-CT, bone scintigraphy/SPECT, and CT were used to confirm the presence of lymph node and bone metastases. Two radiologists trained in nuclear medicine evaluated independently the uptake of lesions in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and the signal-intensity of lesions in whole-body DWIBS visually. Interobserver difference was overcome through discussion to reach a consensus. The sensitivities, specificities, and overall accuracies of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body DWIBS were compared using McNemer’s test. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) of both modalities were compared using Fisher’s exact test.

Results

The total numbers of lymph node regions and bone segments which were confirmed to have metastasis in the total 13 patients were 19 and 75, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, PPV, and NPV of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastasis from pediatric neuroblastoma were 100, 98.7, 98.9, 95.0, and 100%, respectively, and those for detecting bone metastasis were 90.7, 73.1, 80.3, 70.1, and 91.9%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, PPV, and NPV of whole-body DWIBS for detecting bone metastasis from pediatric neuroblastoma were 94.7, 24.0, 53.0, 46.4 and 86.7%, respectively, whereas those for detecting lymph node metastasis were 94.7, 85.3, 87.2, 62.1, and 98.5%, respectively. The low specificity, overall accuracy, and PPV of whole-body DWIBS for detecting bone metastasis were due to a high incidence of false-positive findings (82/108, 75.9%). The specificity, overall accuracy, and PPV of whole-body DWIBS for detecting lymph node metastasis were also significantly lower than those of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastasis, although the difference between these 2 modalities was less than that for detecting bone metastasis.

Conclusion

The specificity, overall accuracy, and PPV of whole-body DWIBS are significantly lower than those of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT because of a high incidence of false-positive findings particularly for detecting bone metastasis, whereas whole-body DWIBS shows a similar level of sensitivities for detecting lymph node and bone metastases to those of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. DWIBS should be carefully used for cancer staging in children because of its high incidence of false-positive findings in skeletons.

     

Solid splenic masses: evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Our objective was to assess the role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of solid splenic masses in patients with a known malignancy and in incidentally found lesions in patients without known malignancy. METHODS: Two groups of patients were assessed: (a) 68 patients with known malignancy and a focal lesion on PET or a solid mass on CT portions of the PET/CT study; and (b) 20 patients with solid splenic masses on conventional imaging without known malignancy. The standard of reference was histology (n = 16) or imaging and clinical follow-up (n = 72). The lesion size, the presence of a single versus multiple splenic lesions, and the intensity of (18)F-FDG uptake expressed as a standardized uptake value (SUV) were recorded. The ratio of the SUV in the splenic lesion to the background normal splenic uptake was also calculated. These parameters were compared between benign and malignant lesions within each of the 2 groups of patients and between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign from malignant solid splenic lesions in patients with and without malignant disease were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% versus 100%, 83%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. In patients with known malignant disease, an SUV threshold of 2.3 correctly differentiated benign from malignant lesions with the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. In patients without known malignant disease, false-positive results were due to granulomatous diseases (n = 2). CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET can reliably discriminate between benign and malignant solid splenic masses in patients with known (18)F-FDG-avid malignancy. It also appears to have a high NPV in patients with solid splenic masses, without known malignant disease. (18)F-FDG-avid splenic masses in patients without a known malignancy should be further evaluated as, in our series, 80% of them were malignant.     

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A diagnostic imaging modality in renal cancer patients

Purpose

The aim of this study is to clarify the role of 18-F-FDG PET/CT over CT alone in the detection of primary, recurrent and metastatic disease in renal cancers patients.

Use of a dual-head coincidence camera and 18F-FDG for detection and nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer: accuracy as determined by 2 independent observers.

The accurate detection of lung carcinoma and the determination of its stage remain significant clinical problems. (18)F-FDG PET has been shown to improve detection and staging of lung cancer and to prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. Positron imaging with dual-head gamma cameras may not be as sensitive as PET, but recent studies have shown good results with these cameras. METHODS: In the present study, we investigated 100 patients, 76 of whom were male and 24 female (mean age +/- SD, 60.7 +/- 9.4 y), with suspected non-small cell lung cancer. (18)F-FDG scanning was performed using a dual-head coincidence camera 1 h after the intravenous injection of 185 MBq of (18)F-FDG. For 46 patients, attenuation correction was also performed. Two independent observers unaware of clinical status analyzed all imaging studies. TNM classification was assigned after surgical staging. RESULTS: In 44 patients with clinically suspected bronchogenic carcinoma, no evidence of malignancy was found. However, in 56 patients a pulmonary neoplasm was demonstrated. At interobserver analysis, a kappa value of 0.94 (P < 0.0001) was found for detection of the primary tumor and a kappa value of 0.63 (P < 0.0001) was found for mediastinal staging. A sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 93%, and an accuracy of 95% were found for detection of pulmonary neoplasm. Assessment of lymph node involvement showed a sensitivity of 50%, a specificity of 92%, and an accuracy of 77%. The sensitivity of CT in assessing lymph node involvement was 36%, the specificity was 86%, and the accuracy was 67%. Attenuation correction provided more anatomic information, but no differences were seen between attenuation-corrected and non-attenuation-corrected images for detecting lesions or lymph node involvement. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms earlier data showing that (18)F-FDG scans obtained with dual-head coincidence cameras are useful in the detection of non-small cell lung cancer and less suitable for staging of lymph node involvement, with accuracy comparable to that of CT.