男性健康人群和尖锐湿疣患者阴毛毛囊中人乳头瘤病毒的调查分析

目的:人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)在健康人群中广泛存在,但其在阴毛毛囊中的感染率目前尚不清楚,阴毛毛囊感染与尖锐湿疣的复发关系更不清楚,本课题旨在研究HPV在健康男性和尖锐湿疣患者阴毛毛囊中的感染情况,了解毛囊感染与尖锐湿疣复发的关系。方法:尖锐湿疣患者86例,年龄24~61岁,健康男性122例,年龄22~80岁,采用PCR技术对耻骨部阴毛毛囊中的HPV进行检测,并对两组资料进行分析。结果:男性尖锐湿疣患者的阴毛毛囊中HPV阳性率为32.55%(28/86),其中17例为HPV6(19.77%),7例为HPV11(8.14%),2例为其他亚型,混合感染2例(同时检测到HPV6和HPV11,以下同)。健康人群阴毛毛囊中的HPV检出率为17.21%(21/122),其中15例HPV6(12.30%),4例为HPV11(3.28%),1例其他亚型,1例为混合感染。结论:尖锐湿疣患者的阴毛毛囊中HPV感染率高于健康男性人群。尖锐湿疣患者与健康人群感染HPV的亚型基本相似,主要为HPV6和HPV11。     

女性HPV感染者配偶阴毛毛囊人乳头瘤状病毒调查分析

目的:探讨男性阴毛毛囊人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV))感染与女性配偶HPV感染的关系。方法:女性HPV感染者21例,其中有8例宫颈癌,5例宫颈不典型增生,5例尖锐湿疣,3例原因不明。本文用PCR体外扩增和DNA反向点杂交相结合的DNA芯片技术对其男性配偶的阴毛毛囊进行HPV检测。结果:女性21例病例中发现其配偶阳性6例,感染率为28.6%。6例男性病例中,HPV亚型与其女性感染的HPV亚型基本一致。结论:男性阴毛毛囊HPV感染可能是配偶HPV感染的感染源之一。     

膀胱癌患者阴毛毛囊人乳头瘤状病毒的检测分析

目的人类乳头瘤状病毒（human papillomavirus，HPV）与膀胱癌关系密切，HPV在膀胱癌组织中的检出率很高，但其感染途径尚不清楚，本文旨在明确膀胱癌患者阴毛毛囊HPV的感染情况。方法PCR体外扩增和DNA反向点杂交相结合的DNA芯片技术测定19例膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌患者和30例健康人阴毛毛囊HPV感染情况。结果19例膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌患者的阴毛毛囊有2例发现HPV感染，HPV感染的亚型为HPV6和HPV18，HPV的感染率为10．5％；30例健康人中2例阳性，其亚型均为HPV6，感染率为6．7％。结论膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌患者阴毛毛囊不是膀胱癌组织中HPV的感染途径（P〉0．05），推测膀胱癌组织HPV感染的途径可能为通过尿道逆行感染。     

镇江地区男性患者人乳头瘤病毒基因型分析

目的:了解镇江地区男性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染状况和基因分型情况。方法:运用PCR-反向点杂交法对245例男性患者进行HPV DNA分型检测。结果:245例受检者中检出107例阳性,HPV总感染率为43.67%,在所测的19种HPV亚型中检出18种。107例阳性者中,单纯低危型42例,占39.25%;单纯高危型41例,占38.32%;高低危混合感染24例,占22.43%。低危型常见亚型为HPV6和HPV11;高危型常见亚型为HPV16、52、58。单一感染、多重感染分别占53.27%(57/107)、46.73%(50/107),感染型别最多的1例为8个基因型。不同年龄段间HPV总感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=7.999,P0.05)。结论:HPV6、HPV11和HPV16是镇江地区男性最常见的感染,低危型以HPV6、11常见,高危型以HPV16、52、58常见。     

山东地区1225例男性尖锐湿疣患者HPV感染亚型分析

目的探讨山东地区男性尖锐湿疣患者人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)不同亚型感染的分布情况。方法采用基因芯片技术,对1 225例男性尖锐湿疣皮损拭子或组织进行23 HPV基因型检测。结果 708例患者HPV检测阳性,总阳性率为57.8%,其中低危亚型以HPV6(40.8%)和HPV11(40.5%)最常见;高危亚型以HPV16(14.1%)最常见。在708例阳性患者中,单一亚型感染367例,占51.8%,其中未检测出HPV45和HPV73;在341例混合感染病例中,23种HPV型别均检测到,多重感染以低危和高危HPV混合感染为主(P0.05)。不同年龄组以21岁~年龄组感染率最高(48.5%),不同地区以鲁中(36.9%)和鲁东(36.6%)地区感染率较高。结论山东地区男性尖锐湿疣患者HPV感染主要以6、11型为主,HPV不同亚型的分布受到年龄、地域以及感染重数的影响。     

丽水地区男性尖锐湿疣患者皮损HPV基因型别分析

目的:探讨丽水地区男性尖锐湿疣(CA)患者皮损人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)基因分型情况。方法:采用Hybri Max医用核酸分子快速杂交系统对丽水地区110例男性CA患者(年龄16~65岁)的疣体组织样本进行HPV基因分型检测。结果:110例患者中107例HPV检测阳性,HPV感染率97.27%,单一型感染76例(71.03%),多重感染31例(28.97%),感染高峰年龄段集中在21~40岁。检测出HPV基因型14种,高危型为HPV16、53、52、33、CP8304、58、51、45、66、68、59,感染率44.85%;低危型为HPV11、6、19(43),感染率为93.45%。结论:丽水地区男性CA患者HPV感染以低危型为主,高危型及多重感染率高。     

十堰地区778例女性HPV的感染状况

目的分析本地区女性HPV感染现状,为预防HPV感染和宫颈癌提供理论依据。方法采用PCR-膜杂交法对本院门诊收治的778例女性患者进行21种HPV基因分型检测。结果共检测出289例HPV感染者,HPV感染率为37.15%,其中高危型感染占74.74%,低危型感染占17.65%,高、低危型混合感染占7.61%。高危型感染率最高的前5型别为HPV16(9.13%)、HPV58(7.46%)、HPV52(5.53%)、HPV33(3.60%)和HPV31(2.31%),低危型以HPV6(3.99%)和HPV11(2.31%)为主。HPV高危型感染率(30.59%)显著高于HPV低危型感染率(9.38%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=707.152、P0.001)。高危型多重感染率(21.34%)显著高于低危型多重感染率(2.00%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=457.201、P0.001)。在HPV阳性者中单纯感染228例(78.89%),多重感染61例(21.11%)。各年龄段HPV感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.096、P=0.393),各年龄段感染类型均以高危型为主。结论高危型感染以HPV16、HPV52和HPV58为最常见型别,低危型感染以HPV6最常见。感染类型以单纯感染和高危型感染为主。多重感染以高危型和高、低混合型感染常见。该地区女性HPV感染情况与年龄无关。     

男男性行为者肛门与生殖器人乳头瘤病毒感染的分子流行病学差异表达研究

目的了解男男性行为者(MSM)肛门生殖器部位人乳头瘤病毒(Human papilloma virus,HPV)不同基因型别的流行情况及其临床意义。方法采取调查问卷方法收集2013年10月至2015年3月在上海市皮肤病医院性病科门诊就诊的301例男男性行为者的临床资料,同时检测其肛门生殖器HPV感染情况。结果在301患者中,有肛周及肛管内尖锐湿疣(condyloma acuminatum,CA)164例,同时伴有阴茎尖锐湿疣18例。301份肛周及肛管内脱落细胞标本中HPV阳性检出率为78.7%(237/301),其中高危型50.5%(152/301),以HPV16型(14.3%)和HPV52型(14.3%)最常见;低危型69.1%(208/301),其中HPV6型43.9%(132/301)和HPV11型21.6%(65/301)为常见型别。143例阴茎部脱落细胞标本中HPV阳性检出率为44.8%(64/143),高危型为20.3%(29/143),以HPV33型(4.9%)最常见;低危型33.6%(48/143),以HPV11型17.5%(25/143)最常见。高危型HPV16、HPV33、HPV52、HPV53和HPV56在肛周及肛管的感染率比阴茎部位高(P0.05)。在16例肛周CA,36例肛管CA、112例肛周肛管CA和22份阴茎部CA标本中,肛周和阴茎部HPV均以单一型感染为主,其中HPV6/11为常见感染型别。肛管CA多重HPV感染为主(88.8%),以HPV16型、HPV52型、HPV56型常见。结论在男男性行为者中,肛周和肛管HPV感染率较高,且肛管CA以混合型HPV感染为主。高危型HPV在肛管感染率比生殖器部位高,筛查MSM肛管HPV感染可为早期防治肛管恶性肿瘤提供依据。     

徐州市2696例女性患者宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染状况及基因分型

目的探讨本地区妇科患者宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染状况和基因型分布情况,为宫颈癌防治提供可靠依据。方法采用PCR斑点杂交技术对不同年龄段的女性宫颈脱落细胞标本进行HPV基因分型检测,根据基因型分为高危组、中高危组、低危组,分析HPV在女性人群中的感染率、基因型和年龄分布特点。结果 2 696例患者共有HPV阳性1 272例,阳性率为47.18%。阳性病例中单一感染者780例(61.32%),重叠感染者492例(38.68%)。共检测到阳性例次2 053例次,其中高危型1 307例次(63.66%),中高危型271例次(13.20%),低危型475例次(23.14%)。HPV感染的阳性率以20岁及以下组患者为最高(66.67%),60岁组患者最低(39.06%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=28.619、P0.001)。21~30岁组患者感染例次构成比为29.17%,31~40岁组患者为32.31%,41~50岁组患者为25.86%,患者高于其他各组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=885.1、P0.001)。高危型中16、52、58型为主要的感染型别,低危型中6、11型为主要的感染型别,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=1678、P0.001)。结论本地区妇科患者HPV感染以单一感染和高危感染为主,感染率最高的亚型是高危16型;不同年龄分层的感染率略有不同。     

配偶宫颈HPV感染男性外生殖器HPV感染状况研究

目的:人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是女性发生宫颈癌的必要病因,也与男性阴茎癌、口咽癌、肛门癌等密切相关,但是目前对男性HPV的研究较少。本文研究配偶宫颈HPV感染男性外生殖器HPV感染状况,为临床制定HPV相关性疾病的防治措施提供科学依据。方法:收集2016年8~12月因配偶宫颈HPV感染阳性,南京医科大学附属妇产医院泌尿男科门诊就诊男性的相关资料。尼龙棉签拭子在阴茎头、冠状沟、包皮内板、阴茎体等处取样,运用凯普生物HPV分型检测试剂盒,采用PCR和膜杂交的方法,检测不同型别HPV感染情况。结果:去除不合格病例,共纳入139例患者信息。139例配偶宫颈HPV感染男性外生殖器HPV感染率为83.5%。HPV感染类型以6,16,39,18,58,52型为主,分别占43.2%(60/139)、19.4%(27/139)、10.1%(14/139)、9.4%(13/139)、9.4%(13/139)、9.4%(13/139)。在配偶宫颈HPV感染阳性的男性中,包皮过长比率高达75.5%,但包皮正常和包皮过长男性HPV感染率没有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:配偶宫颈HPV感染阳性的男性是HPV感染的高危人群,有必要对此类人群进行筛查和治疗,以降低男女双方的HPV感染。     

Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in human prostatic tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are strongly linked to the pathogenesis of uterine cervical neoplasms, and have been implicated in other cancers of the female genital tract. In contrast, the association of HPV with the cancers of the male urogenital tract is less evident, except in anal and penile cancers. However, recent studies reporting the prevalence of HPV infections in human prostate cancers (60–100% HPV 16 positive vs. no infection of HPV) have raised controversies regarding the prevalence of HPV in benign and neoplastic human prostate. We investigated the prevalence of HPV infections in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostatic adenocarcinomas in 23 surgically resected prostates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify HPV 6b/11, 16 and 18 specific DNA sequences, using type specific HPV primers selected from the transforming gene E6-E7. The areas of PIN and cancer in 6 p.m H&E stained tissue sections were identified, and respective areas of PIN and cancer were isolated from the adjacent serial sections and used for DNA amplification and HPV detection (Fig. 1). Our results demonstrated the presence of HPV 16 in three carcinomas (13%), using type specific primers in PCR amplified samples. We were not able to demonstrate the presence of other HPV types (HPV 6b/11 or HPV 18) in any of the samples using specific primers. Two of these prostates showed relatively strong positive signals by dot blot analysis, when hybridized with a 32P-labeled HPV 16 type specific oligonucleotide probe. One more sample showed weak positivity, when hybridized with a 32P-labeled HPV 16 type specific oligonucleotide probe. Subsequently, we have confirmed these results by Southern hybridization of the samples transferred to nylon membrane after agarose gel electrophoresis and detected by HPV 16 type specific oligonucleotide probe, using chemiluminescent assay. We, therefore, conclude that HPV infections of the prostate in general are not as common as has been previously claimed by other investigators. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Human papilloma virus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in transplanted patients

Progress in diagnosis and treatment has led to an increased number of transplantation patients who consequently have immunological depression and emergence of tumors. The incidence of cervical neoplasia, according to previous studies, is 11%; this tumor is the only one that can be investigated by screening before and after a graft. Our purpose was to evaluate whether transplanted patients showed an increased incidence of genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and whether this infection produced greater progression of disease in cases of low-risk HPV infections. Our study involved 151 transplant patients who underwent Papanicolaou (Pap) and HPV tests. Patients listed for grafts underwent Pap and HPV tests 6 months before and 6 months after transplantation. All patients had negative Pap tests before their grafts. After their grafts 16 patients (10.59%) had negative Pap tests, but positive viral typing. Eleven patients (7.28%) showed positive Pap tests, 6 of whom had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and 5 patients high-grade SIL. The final HPV infection incidence (15.23%) was consistent with the literature. The incidence of lower female genital tract intraepithelial lesions (7.28%) was higher than the healthy population or analogous studies (4.5%-8.5%). We showed a constant association between high-risk HPV infection and gynecologic intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas there was no association between low-risk broods HPV infection and neoplasia. In conclusion, screening should start at almost 6 months before grafting to avoid an irreversible situation that is difficult to treat.     

Studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) in urological tumors

Urological tumors were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by using Southern blot hybridization. In 20 male patients with condyloma acuminatum, HPV type 6 was found at 85% (17/20), HPV type 11 at 95% (19/20), HPV type 16 at 5% (1/20) and HPV type 18 at 0% (0/20). In 2 female patients with condyloma acuminatum, HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 were found at 100% (2/2), 100% (2/2), 50% (1/2) and 0% (0/2), respectively. All 6 of the patients who were positive for HPV type 6, were also positive for HPV type 11. Two patients were positive for HPV types 6, 11 and 16, the last of which was frequently found in penile cancer and uterine cervical cancer. In 6 patients with penile cancer, two patients were positive for HPV type 16 and negative for HPV types 6, 11 and 18. The remaining 4 patients were negative for all these HPV types. One patient who was positive for HPV type 16 had penile cancer after three previous episodes of penile condyloma acuminatum. From this information, a malignant change in the condyloma acuminatum was assumed to indicate the possible association of HPV type 16 with the process of malignant degeneration. HPV types, 6, 11, 16 and 18 were not detected in a female patient with vulvar cancer. Although HPV was thought to participate in the development of urological tumors except for external genital tumors, all patients examined, consisting of 2 with benign prostatic hypertrophy, 5 with prostatic cancer and 24 with bladder cancer, were negative for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Eight patients with bladder cancer were negative for HPV type 33.     

扁平疣患者人乳头瘤病毒基因型的检测分析

目的：探讨四川地区扁平疣皮损组织中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因型的感染情况。方法：采用核酸分子快速导流杂交基因芯片技术，对92例扁平疣患者皮损组织进行HPV感染分型的检测。结果：92份扁平疣皮损标本中HPV阳性88例，检出率是95．65％；检测出5种HPV亚型，各型别检出率由高到低依次是HPVll，HPVl8，HPV6，HPV59，HPV58。其中单一感染阳性率达到60．86％，多重感染达到34．78％。二重感染检出率由高到低为：HPVll和HPVl8，HPVll和HPV6，HPVll和HPV59。有2例为三种感染，均为HPV6、HPVll和HPV59。结论：四川地区扁平疣患者以低危型HPVll感染为主，高危型HPV感染多以混合感染的形式存在。     

Prevalence of anal HPV infection in solid-organ transplant patients prior to immunosuppression

Patients that undergo organ transplantation have a high risk of developing various malignancies, depending on the duration and magnitude of immunosuppressive therapy. Among others, a 10-fold increased relative risk has been reported for the development of anal cancer. There is a strong association between persistent infection with high-risk mucosal types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and anogenital neoplasia. In this study we analysed the prevalence of anal HPV infection in organ transplant patients before starting immunosuppressive therapy. In a university transplant unit, patients (n=60, 40 male, 20 female) that were undergoing solid-organ transplantation (kidney, liver) for the first time were routinely screened for anal HPV infection. Anal swabs were obtained within 24 h after transplantation and analysed for the presence of mucosal-type HPV DNA by liquid DNA/RNA hybridization [hybrid capture (HC) 2 test]. Overall, some type of HPV DNA was detected in 14/60 (23.3%) patients; 9/60 (15%) were positive for high-risk HPV and 8/60 (13.4%) were positive for low-risk HPV, and 3/60 (5%) were positive for both types. Prevalence of HPV infection tended to be higher in patients that were receiving liver transplants than in those receiving kidney transplants (29.4% vs. 20.9%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In our series of organ transplant patients the prevalence of previous HPV infection (23.3%) before immunosuppressive therapy was started was higher than that found in previous epidemiological studies or in a control group. In particular, there was a high rate (15%) of infection with oncogenic HPV types. These findings have important implications on screening and surveillance policies in this patient group at risk of developing neoplasias, including anal cancer.     

Chlamydia pneumoniae seroprevalence in immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations in Milan.

BACKGROUND--Chlamydia pneumoniae is drawing increasing attention as an agent of respiratory tract infection. Specific antibody prevalence in western countries is low in preschool children and reaches more than 50% in adults. However, little is known about the prevalence of this infection in immunocompromised subjects such as HIV-I infected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Chl pneumoniae in immunocompetent and immunocompromised (HIV-1 infected) paediatric and adult populations. METHODS--Between March 1991 and September 1992 764 healthy subjects (421 men and 343 women, age range six months-81 years), 96 HIV-I infected (73 men and 23 women, age range 18-35 years) and 126 HIV-I negative intravenous drug users (92 men and 34 women, age range 18-37 years), and 50 children (23 boys and 27 girls, age range 8-123 months) with vertically transmitted HIV-I infection were studied. For each subject an HIV-I test (ELISA and Western blot) was performed, together with a microimmunofluorescence test for IgG and IgM antibodies to Chl pneumoniae specific antigen (TW-183). RESULTS--In the healthy population a low prevalence (11%) was observed in children under 10 years of age, which increased progressively to 58% in adults over 70 years. In the HIV-I infected population Chl pneumoniae seroprevalence was higher than in immunocompetent controls (children, 26% v 11%; drug users, 60% v 40%). Moreover, in drug users this difference was also observed in comparison with HIV-1 negative intravenous drug users (60% v 33%). CONCLUSIONS--Our data on Chl pneumoniae seroprevalence in a healthy population are consistent with those reported by others in western countries. Moreover, HIV-I infected subjects seem to be at higher risk of developing Chl pneumoniae infections.     

Is real-time PCR the correct method to evaluate the incidence of human papillomavirus in prepuces of asymptomatic boys and men?

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in prepuces of asymptomatic boys and men, the present study was designed.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty male prepuce specimens who underwent circumcision due to phimosis were collected. Samples were subdivided into groups regarding their age: children (group I, 0–10 years), adolescents (group II, 11–20 years) and adults (group III, >20 years). HPV High Screen Real-TM Quant 2x kit detecting HPV 6 and 11 (low risk) as well as another kit for identification of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 (high risk) were used. Additionally, a Taq Man assay has been designed targeting the L1 gene of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18.

Results

Evaluating the number of low-risk HPV subtypes, we found HPV 6 and 11 in 5.3 % of samples (n = 12/226). Concerning high-risk HPV, we found a positivity in 4 % of samples (n = 9/224). In contrast to low-risk data where no age distribution was observed, we found an age-specific accumulation of high-risk HPV subtypes in the children group (n = 6/9). A second independent assay (Taq Man PCR assay) measuring HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 of all positive samples confirmed only the high-risk HPV subtypes of the Real-TM Quant 2x assay.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence that qPCR estimation for HPV infection obviously underestimates the incidence rate of infected prepuces in boys and men with phimosis. Contrary, an overestimation of the HPV infection rate with the in situ hybridization method of phimotic prepuces cannot be excluded.     

A "Pap" test for men? Male urethral smears as screening tool for detecting subclinical human papillomavirus infection.

We have explored the potential of using immunoperoxidase staining and in situ DNA hybridization techniques to detect the HPV common antigen and HPV DNA (subtypes 6/11 and 16/18) in urethral smears obtained from men with no grossly visible urethral lesions, with or without HPV-related clinical history. A total of 91 such smears were studied of which 25 (27.5%) were positive for HPV antigen. Of the latter, 20 (80%) were positive for HPV 6/11 DNA, 3 (12%) were positive for HPV 16/18 DNA, one smear (4%) was positive for both, and one was negative for both. The technique of obtaining male urethral smears and immunostaining them for HPV antigen is simple, rapid, specific, and far more sensitive than conventional morphologic observations. Since antigen-positive cells are the source for spreading HPV infection, identifying individuals with such cells can help limit the spread of infection by alerting sexual partners, and also can be used to monitor the infectious status of the patient after therapy. DNA subtyping of HPV-positive patients may be useful in predicting the potential for malignant transformation which varies among the different HPV subtypes.