HPLC法测定幸福伤风咳素片中盐酸去氧肾上腺素和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建立幸福伤风咳素片中盐酸去氧肾上腺素和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定方法 .方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为CAPCELL PACK 5 μm 150 mm×4.6 mm,检测波长为273 nm,线性梯度洗脱.以磷酸盐缓冲液(取磷酸氢二钾5.227g,加水1 000 ml使溶解,用磷酸调pH2.3,用时稀释10倍)为流动相A ;乙腈为流动相B .流速1.0 ml/min.结果盐酸去氧肾上腺素在19.86～99.28 μg/ml,马来酸氯苯那敏在8.77～43.84 μg/ml范围内,呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9999、0.9998.平均回收率分别为100.6%、100.8%,RSD分别为0.7%、0.9%.结论本方法操作简单快速,结果准确可靠,可一次性测定其中的2个组分,适用其质量的控制.     

用HPLC法测定复方对乙酰氨基酚胶囊4组分的含量

目的 :采用HPLC法同时测定复方对乙酰氨基酚胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸伪麻黄碱、咖啡因、和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :色谱柱为ODSC18,15 0mm× 4 .6mm ;流动相 :甲醇 - 0 .0 5mol/L磷酸二氢钾 三乙胺 (15∶85∶0 .0 2 ) ,用磷酸调pH至 3.4 ,检测波长 2 15nm。结果 :线性范围分别为 :对乙酰氨基酚 5 0～ 35 0 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9997)、盐酸伪麻黄碱 6 .0～ 4 2μg·mL-1(r=0 .9938)、咖啡因 6 .0～ 4 2 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9998)、马来酸氯苯那敏 0 .6～ 4 .2 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9999)。平均回收率分别为 :对乙酰氨基酚 10 2 .3%、盐酸伪麻黄碱 10 0 .9%、咖啡因 10 1.8%、马来酸氯苯那敏 10 1.5 %。结论 :本法分离度好 ,快速 ,简便 ,可同时测定该胶囊中的四组分。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中3种组分的含量

目的 :采用高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :使用C18柱 (Eclipse4 .6mm× 15 0mm) ,柱温 30℃ ,流动相 :乙腈 pH3.0缓冲液 (15 :85 ) ;检测波长 2 14nm ;流速 1ml/min。 结果 :采用高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量 ,线性范围分别为 2 0 0～ 12 0 0 ,12 .2 8～ 73.6 8,1.0 5～ 6 .30 μg/ml,r =0 .9999;平均回收率分别为 99.8% (RSD =0 .6 % )、10 0 .0 % (RSD =0 .3% )、98.4 % (RSD =0 .9% )。结论 :本法简便快速准确 ,用高效液相色谱法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中三个组分的含量 ,能更好地控制产品质量     

HPLC测定美敏伪麻口服液中盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的测定美敏伪麻口服液中盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏的含量.方法用HPLC,SCX柱(4.6 mm×150 mm),硫酸铵溶液(1.6 g→240 ml水)-甲醇(20:80)为流动相,流速1.2 ml/min,检测波长216 nm.结果盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏在70%-130%标示浓度范围内线性良好,回收率分别为100.9%、100.3%及99.3%,RSD分别为0.3%、0.9%及0.8%.结论方法简单,快速,可用于测定美敏伪麻口服液中盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏的含量.     

HPLC法测定小儿速效感冒冲剂

目的 :应用高效液相色谱法测定小儿速效感冒冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚 ,咖啡因。马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :采用 CN柱(大连依利特 2 5 0 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm) ,以甲醇 -水 (3∶ 97)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 37nm(对乙酰氨基酚 ,咖啡因 )。以庚烷磺酸钠溶液 -甲醇 -乙腈 (2 5∶ 30∶ 18)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 6 2 nm(马来酸氯苯那敏 )。结果 :平均回收率 (n=6 )对乙酰氨基酚 10 1.2 % ,RSD=1.19% ;咖啡因 98.7% ,RSD=0 .6 4% ;马来酸氯苯那敏 10 0 .9% ,RDS=0 .6 7%。结论 :该方法简单 ,快速 ,重现性好     

高效液相色谱法测定复方苯硝那敏片中维生素B6、苯巴比妥、马来酸氯苯那敏和硝西泮含量

目的:建立HPLC同时测定复方苯硝那敏片中维生素B6、苯巴比妥、马来酸氯苯那敏和硝西泮含量的方法.方法:色谱柱用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为固定相(150 mm ×4.6 mm,4.6μm).流动相A:乙腈-水-三乙胺(100∶900∶1,含0.01 mol/L庚烷磺酸钠,用冰醋酸调pH值3.5),流动相B:乙腈.洗脱程序:0～12 min,A100%～70%;12～200 min,A 70%;流速:1 mL/min,检测波长260 nm.结果:维生素B6、苯巴比妥、马来酸氯苯那敏和硝西泮的保留时间分别约为4.6、10.2、12.3和14.3 min,与各自相邻峰的分离度均大于1.5.以峰面积对进样量(μg)线性回归,维生素B6回归方程:y=251.4x 2.403,线性范围:0.168 4～2.021 μg,r=0.999 8;苯巴比妥回归方程:y=145.8x 1.612,线性范围:0.510 8～6.130 μg,r=0.999 9;马来酸氯苯那敏回归方程:y=697.3x-7.252,线性范围:0.122 8～1.474 μg,r=0.999 9;硝西泮回归方程:y=2 767x 17.75,线性范围:0.049 60～0.595 2 μg,r=0.999 8.维生素B6苯巴比妥、马来酸氯苯那敏和硝西泮回收率分别为100.1%、99.4%、99.3%和100.7%,RSD分别为0.18%、0.13%、0.47%和0.16%.结论:本方法精密度、准确度好,操作简便,可用于复方苯硝那敏片中维生素B6、苯巴比妥、马来酸氯苯那敏和硝西泮含量测定.     

复方制剂珮夫人小儿咳露中主药成分的含量测定

目的 :建立一种采用高效液相色谱检测复方制剂中氢溴酸美沙芬、愈创木酚甘油醚和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法 :采用C1 8色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 0 2 5mol·L- 1 IPR -B6 甲醇溶液∶水 (含 2 %三乙胺 )∶磷酸 (12 0∶10 0∶1)为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 5 7nm。结果 :氢溴酸美沙芬、愈创木酚甘油醚和马来酸氯苯那敏 3种成分的回收率分别为10 0 .5 % ,99.5 % ,10 0 .6% ;RSD分别为 2 .2 % ,1.6% ,1.9% (n =7)。结论 :本方法简便 ,结果准确可靠     

HPLC测定美敏伪麻口服液中盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的测定美敏伪麻口服液中盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法用HPLC,SCX柱(4.6mm×150mm),硫酸铵溶液(1.6g→240ml水)甲醇(20∶80)为流动相,流速1.2ml/min,检测波长216nm。结果盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏在70%-130%标示浓度范围内线性良好,回收率分别为100.9%、100.3%及99.3%,RSD分别为0.3%、0.9%及0.8%。结论方法简单,快速,可用于测定美敏伪麻口服液中盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸右美沙芬及马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。     

HPLC测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建立用HPLC同时测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法.方法采用Hypersil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-三乙胺(10∶90∶0.02)(用磷酸调pH为3.4)为流动相,检测波长为216 nm,柱温:30 ℃.流速为1.0 ml/min,进样量为20 μl.结果对乙酰氨基酚;马来酸氯苯那敏线性范围分别在40.13～240.77 μg/ml与0.37～2.19 μg/ml;浓度范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,方法平均回收率分别为100.24%与99.73%.RSD分别为0.4%与0.7%.结论该方法简便,快速,二组分分离度好,其他成分无干扰,测定结果准确可靠,可作为该制剂质量控制的有效方法.     

HPLC法同时测定重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素注射液和盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液的含量及有关物质

目的:建立测定重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素注射液和盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液含量及有关物质的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-乙腈-庚烷磺酸钠溶液(1∶1∶8);检测波长:280 nm;流速:1 ml/min;柱温:30 ℃.结果:重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素在80～320 μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 8;高、中、低3种浓度的平均回收率为101.2%,RSD为0.18%(n=9).重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素的最小检测限为152.3 ng/ml.盐酸去氧肾上腺素在100～400 μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 6;高、中、低3种浓度的平均回收率为98.1%,RSD为0.051%(n=9).盐酸去氧肾上腺素的最小检测限为103.8 ng/ml.结论:该法简便、准确、灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素注射液和盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液的含量测定和有关物质检查.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.