电视胸腔镜手术在肺癌治疗中的应用

电视胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery，VATS）是一种微创、安全、可行的技术。随着手术器械和技巧的日趋改进，电视胸腔镜在临床的应用越来越广泛。本文就电视胸腔镜手术在肺癌治疗中的应用作一综述。     

自发性气胸微小单孔胸腔镜术后肺部并发症的危险因素分析

目的分析自发性气胸患者行微小单孔电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗的术后肺部并发症(postoperative pulmonary complications,PPC)发生情况及其危险因素。方法回顾性纳入2017年4月—2019年12月在东莞市松山湖中心医院接受微小单孔VATS手术治疗的自发性气胸患者158例,其中男99例、女59例,平均年龄(40.53±9.97)岁。根据术后是否发生PPC分为PPC组(21例)、非PPC组(137例),分析影响PPC发生的因素。结果158例患者均顺利完成微小单孔VATS术,无术中死亡病例;患者术后胸闷、胸痛、呼吸困难等症状均基本消失。术后住院期间发生肺部感染3例,肺不张7例,肺漏气4例,胸腔积液6例,肺不张+胸腔积液1例,PPC发生率13.29%(21/158)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:伴肺部疾病[OR=32.404,95%CI(2.717,386.452),P=0.006]、术前白蛋白水平≤35 g/L[OR=14.912,95%CI(1.719,129.353),P=0.014]、胸膜粘连严重[OR=26.023,95%CI(3.294,205.557),P=0.002]、术后24 h疼痛分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级[OR=64.024,95%CI(3.606,1136.677),P=0.005]、年龄[OR=1.195,95%CI(1.065,1.342),P=0.002]、术中出血量[OR=1.087,95%CI(1.018,1.162),P=0.013]是自发性气胸微小单孔VATS术后发生PPC的危险因素。结论自发性气胸微小单孔VATS术后PPC与围术期指标关系密切,临床可根据年龄、伴肺部疾病情况、术前白蛋白水平、术中出血量、胸膜粘连程度、术后24 h疼痛分级等情况实施针对性防治。     

PROSPECT guidelines for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become increasingly popular due to faster recovery times and reduced postoperative pain compared with thoracotomy. However, analgesic regimens for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery vary significantly. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. A systematic review was undertaken using procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology. Randomised controlled trials published in the English language, between January 2010 and January 2021 assessing the effect of analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified. We retrieved 1070 studies of which 69 randomised controlled trials and two reviews met inclusion criteria. We recommend the administration of basic analgesia including paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or cyclo-oxygenase-2-specific inhibitors pre-operatively or intra-operatively and continued postoperatively. Intra-operative intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion may be used, specifically when basic analgesia and regional analgesic techniques could not be given. In addition, a paravertebral block or erector spinae plane block is recommended as a first-choice option. A serratus anterior plane block could also be administered as a second-choice option. Opioids should be reserved as rescue analgesics in the postoperative period.     

Single-incision versus multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Recent studies compared single-incision thoracoscopic surgery (SITS) with more widely used conventional multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer. To establish the safety and feasible of SITS in the treatment of lung cancer, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Eleven studies were identified from the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies evaluated the outcomes of SITS compared with multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer were included for analysis. Odds ratio (OR, used to compare dichotomous variables) and weight mean difference (WMD, used to compare continuous variables) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on intention-to-treat analysis.

Results: Eleven studies including 1314 patients were included for analysis. Our analysis showed that the operative time, blood loss amount, mean duration of chest tube, lymph nodes retrieved were similar between two approaches, the SITS pulmonary resection might be associated with shorter hospital stay (p?=?.008) and lower complication rate (p?=?.009) when compared with conventional multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approaches.

Conclusions: In selected patients SITS is safe, feasible and may be considered an alternative to multiport VATS.     

Simple smoke ventilation method for uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Fogging of the thoracoscopic lens affects a surgeon’s ability to maintain a clear operating field. In uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the thoracoscopic lens tends to fog when the surgeon does not hold a suction instrument. Thus, a suction instrument needs to be held by the surgeon’s nondominant hand to remove surgical smoke, mist, and moisture. Here, we describe a simple, easy and cost-effective surgical smoke ventilation technique for uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using a suction catheter to solve the problem. We present this technique and comment on its advantages, including decreased cost and improved surgical visualization.     

A video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical technique for interruption of patent ductus arteriosus

We describe herein a technique for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure using a method of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) interruption derived from video-assisted endoscopic surgery. This technique of repair was performed on five patients with a mean age of 3 years and a mean weight of 13.7 kg during 1994 and 1995. Under general anesthesia, two 10-mm trocars and two or three 5-mm trocars were inserted through the left thoracic wall. A video camera and specially designed surgical tools including scissors, dissectors, and a clip applicator were then introduced. The ductus was dissected, and two titanium clips were applied to interrupt the ductus completely. Successful closure of the PDA by this video-assisted technique was achieved in all patients. The only complication which developed in one patient was hoarseness for 2 weeks postoperatively. The hospital stay ranged from 7 to 12 days and there were no serious complications of deaths. There results indicate that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical interruption is a safe and effective technique for achieving closure of PDA.     

《单孔胸腔镜手术治疗肺癌中国专家共识》解读

单孔胸腔镜手术是肺癌微创治疗的重要方式.2010年,单孔胸腔镜手术首次应用于肺癌治疗;2019年、2020年,欧洲共识和中国共识相继发表.最新发表的中国共识分别从单孔胸腔镜手术的定义、用于肺癌治疗的适应证、安全性及可行性、手术技巧、学习曲线、短期及长期结果等方面为单孔胸腔镜手术标准化提供建议,对提高手术质量及减少相关并...     

电视胸腔镜手术在胸外科的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在胸外科的应用. 方法回顾分析1998年7月～2002年12月78例胸腔镜手术的临床资料.其中:自发性气胸肺大疱切除40例,胸外伤探查12例,肺包块楔形切除9例,胸膜活检 胸膜固定6例,纵隔肿瘤切除4例,肺叶切除4例,肺叶切除术后支气管胸膜瘘2例,食管平滑肌瘤切除1例. 结果无一例中转开胸,5例因胸膜顶粘连辅助小切口.3例中老年自发性气胸术后持续漏气,分别于第7,8,13天拔除胸管,其余均在48h内拔除胸管.5例引流管口延期愈合.手术并发症发生率10.3%(8/78). 结论 VATS在胸外科有广阔的发展空间,一次性耗材价格昂贵限制其临床应用,腔镜下缝合技术或打结技术的应用比较适合目前的国情,节省医疗费用.     

电视胸腔镜技术在快速康复外科中的作用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术在快速康复外科中的作用。方法对308例患者行电视胸腔镜手术,选取手术时间、拔管时间、住院时间、手术切口长度、出血量等与280例开胸手术临床资料比较研究。结果308例患者中34例胸腔镜辅助小切口,4例中转开胸,共10例出现围手术期并发症,无死亡病例。结论胸腔镜手术与传统开胸手术相比,具有切口微创美观、出血量明显减少、痛苦轻、恢复快、手术时间短、手术并发症少、平均住院日短等优点,为胸内疾病开辟了新的诊疗方法。此项技术微创安全,同时符合快速康复外科的最新理念。     

单孔与三孔剑突下胸腔镜全胸腺切除术的回顾性队列研究

目的比较单孔与三孔剑突下胸腔镜(subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,XVATS)全胸腺切除术的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年5月在徐州市中心医院连续开展的60例XVATS全胸腺切除术患者的临床资料,其中男29例、女31例,年龄53.1(27.0~76.0)岁。依据手术方式不同分为单孔XVATS组(30例)与三孔XVATS组(30例)。比较两组临床效果。结果两组患者年龄、性别、体重指数、肿瘤长径、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流管留置时间、胸腔引流量与术后住院时间等差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。全组无围手术期死亡、中转开胸、血栓或纵隔感染病例。单孔XVATS组患者手术时间显著长于三孔XVATS组,差异有统计学意义[(87.5±19.0)min vs.(75.8±15.7)min,P=0.012];此外,单孔组术后3~14 d疼痛评分显著低于三孔XVATS组(P=0.001)。结论单孔XVATS全胸腺切除术是可行的,患者术后疼痛较三孔组患者轻,但开展初期手术时间较长。     

Port-site recurrence following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is an established modality in the management of pleural diseases. We report a case of port-site recurrence following management of malignant pleural effusion in an elderly patient with extensive pleural metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung. Although her shortness of breath was relieved following VAT decortication and talc insufflation, at 3 months she was found to have a 2.5-cm subcutaneous nodule at the camera port site which on biopsy was confirmed to be metastatic in nature. Even though the nodule was asymptomatic and the patient prognosis was not affected, it is important that both the surgeon and future patients should be aware of this potential complication.     

Functional recovery after discharge in enhanced recovery video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a pilot prospective cohort study

Little is known about functional recovery following patient discharge in an established enhanced recovery programme after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. We conducted a single-centre pilot prospective observational cohort study. We hypothesised that patients achieved early functional recovery after discharge. A total of 32 patients aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. A digital device was used for objective activity measurements, and patient-reported outcomes were collected as subjective measurements. Primary outcomes were the difference in physical activity; sleep duration; pain; fatigue; and average quality of life scores between pre-operative baseline and 7 days following discharge. The secondary outcome was the reason for reduced daily activity during the first 7 days after discharge. Median (IQR [range]) length of stay was 3 (2–5 [1–13]) days. Up to post-discharge day 7, total, lower intensity and moderate-to-vigorous activities were lower than pre-operative activity (p < 0.001; p = 0.005 and p = 0.027, respectively). Numerical rating scale (0–10) pain scores increased postoperatively at rest (mean difference 1.2, p < 0.001) and during walking (mean difference 1.4, p < 0.001). Fatigue assessed by the Christensen Fatigue Scale (1–10) was also increased postoperatively (mean difference 1.7, p = 0.001). There was a reduction in quality of life scores, while sedentary activity and sleep duration were unchanged postoperatively. Dominant reasons for not recovering daily activity included fatigue in 43% and pain in 33% of patients. Despite compliance with an enhanced recovery programme with a median length of hospital stay of 3 days after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, functional recovery was not achieved within 7 days after hospital discharge. Reduction in postoperative pain and fatigue are important factors to enhance functional recovery.     

电视胸腔镜手术207例报告

目的总结电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗胸部疾病的体会. 方法 1997年10月～2004年3月,开展VATS 207例,包括自发性气胸肺大疱结扎或切除155例,自发性或创伤性血气胸紧急探查止血30例,肺部良性疾病行肺楔形切除、活检14例,纵隔肿瘤摘除8例. 结果 190例经胸腔镜完成手术,12例附加胸部小切口,5例中转开胸手术.胸部手术时间20～180 min,平均56 min.术后住院5～52 d,平均9 d.术后并发症17例,占8.2%(17/207),其中肺泡漏9例,复张性肺水肿6例,胸腔感染2例.2例术后3～4个月自发性气胸复发. 结论 VATS治疗自发性气胸肺大疱、创伤性血气胸和某些胸部良性疾病较传统开胸手术具有更多优点,适时附加胸部小切口,积极防治并发症,可使VATS更安全.     

单操作孔全胸腔镜手术在儿童纵隔肿瘤中的应用

目的总结单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗12岁以下儿童纵隔肿瘤的经验。方法 12岁以下儿童纵隔肿瘤48例,行单操作孔全胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除术。所有患儿患侧卧位,腋中线第7—8肋间做腔镜孔,腋前线第3-5肋间做2~3 cm操作孔。结果所有患儿均在单操作孔下完成手术,无中转开胸,其中前纵隔肿瘤8例,中纵隔肿瘤4例,后纵隔肿瘤36例,肿瘤直径2~7 cm,平均(3.69±1.19)cm,手术时间56~153分钟,平均(93.45±35.62)分钟,术中出血10~50 ml,平均(22.74±14.67)ml,总住院时间5~18天,平均(10.67±2.97)天,术后住院时间3~10天,平均(6.13±1.75)天,住院期间无死亡病例,2例术后出现霍纳综合征,其余患儿均恢复。结论单操作孔全胸腔镜下手术治疗儿童纵隔肿瘤,创伤小,恢复快,治疗效果满意。     

Learning curve for two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lung segmentectomy

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESWhen lung cancer evolves from a large, centrally located mass to small, peripherally located pulmonary nodules, such as ground glass nodules, segmentectomy offers a reasonable method by which to save lung parenchyma without eliciting compromising oncological effects. To master these techniques, it is important to analyse the learning curve of surgeons. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the learning curve for two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy in our institution.METHODSWe retrospectively collected data from 86 consecutive patients who underwent two-port VATS segmentectomy between June 2019 and November 2019. The operative time (OT) and estimated blood loss and other complications were analysed. The learning curve was evaluated using the OT and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) value of OTs across all cases.RESULTSWe generated a graph of the CUSUM of OTs and found that the learning curve could be differentiated into 3 phases: phase 1, the initial learning phase (1st to 27th operation); phase 2, the increased competence phase (28th to 54th operation); and phase 3, the experienced phase (55th to 86th operation). The CUSUM value inflected at patient number 47. There were significant reductions in the OT and bleeding in phase 3 relative to phases 1 and 2. There were also significant differences in OT and estimated blood loss between the simple and complex segmentectomy procedures.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, the 3 phases identified using CUSUM analysis of the OT represented characteristic stages of the learning curve for two-port VATS segmentectomy. The data indicate that, in our institution, the inflection point for the learning curve was achieved after operating on 47 cases.     

82例电视胸腔镜的临床应用

目的　总结电视胸腔镜手术 (VATS)在胸外科疾病治疗中的临床应用经验。方法　回顾分析 1999年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 2月采用VATS治疗 82例病人的临床资料。结果　全组病人无院内死亡和并发症发生 ,全部痊愈出院。结论　VATS具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快和对美容影响小的优点。自发性气胸、肺大疱切除可作为VATS的首选术式。VATS为胸内疾病的诊断和治疗提供了一种重要手段 ,但目前临床应用有局限性     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for penetrating thoracic trauma

Purpose: For penetrating thoracic trauma, there is no consensus on whether operative exploration or conservative treatment is better. In this study, we compared the clinical effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy on the patients with penetrating thoracic trauma. Methods: From January 2000 to December 2010, 123 patients with penetrating thoracic trauma were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University. Based on the inclusion criteria, 80 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned into VATS and thoracotomy group. Results: The operation time, amount of bleeding and drainage in VATS group were all lower than traditional operation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that VATS has the merits of shorter operation time, non-blind area, exact surgical path and less bleeding comparing with traditional operation.     

非气管插管麻醉在胸腔镜手术中的应用

背景 电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)应用传统气管插管全身麻醉机械通气引起的气道损伤及急性肺损伤等并发症影响患者术后恢复和生活质量.近年来非气管插管麻醉行VATS的安全性及可行性受到胸外科医师和麻醉医师的广泛关注. 目的 推进对于VATS期间应用非气管插管麻醉的认识和应用. 内容 回顾近年来国内外关于非气管插管麻醉下行VATS治疗胸科疾病的临床研究情况,总结其安全性、可行性及相对于传统方式的优势和目前存在的问题. 趋向 非气管插管麻醉作为一项新技术在VATS中的应用亟待更多的临床研究.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性乳糜胸4例报告

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性乳糜胸的可行性. 方法 2000年4月～2003年10月,电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性乳糜胸4例. 结果 4例手术均成功,手术时间分别为40、52、55、95 min,平均60.5 min.术后引流3～8 d,平均5.2 d.术后住院8～13 d,平均10.5 d.无严重并发症及手术死亡. 结论电视胸腔镜治疗自发性乳糜胸,创伤小、术后恢复快.     

Anaesthesia for thoracic surgery

Thoracic anaesthesia is an expanding and evolving sub-speciality. This article will focus primarily on the anaesthetic management of major lung resections, procedures which are generally performed for malignant disease and which can confer significant mortality and morbidity. The equipment needed and ventilatory strategies during one-lung anaesthesia will be discussed and the important changes in respiratory physiology that occur will be looked at in detail. Recent advances in pain management necessitate that postoperative analgesic regimens are covered in some depth. There has been an increase in the number of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) cases, and the merits and anaesthetic implications of VATS procedures are reviewed.