跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4在胆囊癌中的表达及意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶 4 （TMPRSS4）在胆囊癌中的表达及与预后的关系。［方法］ 应用免疫组织化学方法检测TMPRSS4 在 67 例胆囊癌组织中的表达,分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。［结果］ 胆囊癌组中TMPRSS4 的表达高于癌旁非肿瘤组织（56.72% vs 14.93%,P<0.01);TMPRSS4在 TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移组中的表达明显高于 TNM分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ 期 (P=0.014) 、无淋巴结转移组(P=0.029);其表达与性别、年龄、组织学分级、合并胆囊结石和组织学类型无关(P>0.05)。TMPRSS4阳性表达组的3年生存率明显低于阴性表达者(P=0.009)。［结论］ MPRSS4 在胆囊癌中高表达,检测TMPRSS4 的表达有助于判断患者预后。     

半乳糖凝集素-3蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达与意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨Gal-3蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义。［方法］ 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测Gal-3蛋白在60例结直肠癌组织的表达;另取癌旁正常黏膜20例及结直肠腺瘤20例作为对照组。［结果］ 结直肠癌中Gal-3蛋白的表达明显高于癌旁正常黏膜和结直肠腺瘤(55.0%,10.0%和25.0%,P<0.05)。Gal-3蛋白在侵及浆膜外、TNM Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移组中的表达明显高于未侵及浆膜外(P<0.05)、TNM Ⅰ+Ⅱ期(P<0.01)、无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05);与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小和分化程度无关。Gal-3蛋白阳性表达患者5年生存率明显低于阴性表达者(P<0.05)。［结论］ Gal-3蛋白在结直肠癌中高表达,其可能在结直肠癌的发生发展和浸润转移中起作用,并提示预后不良。     

跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4蛋白在直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨TMPRSS4蛋白在直肠癌中的表达及临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测TMPRSS4蛋白在62例患者的直肠癌组织中的表达,取癌旁组织62例作为对照组.结果:直肠癌中TMPRSS4蛋白的表达明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.01).TMPRSS4蛋白在穿透浆膜层、TNM(III+IV)期、有淋巴结转移组中的表达显著高于未穿透浆膜层(P<0.05)、TNM(I+II)期(P<0.01)、无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01),且与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小和分化程度无关(P> 0.05);TMPRSS4蛋白阳性表达组的五年生存期明显短于阴性表达组(P<0.05).结论:TMPRSS4蛋白在直肠癌中高表达,联合检测直肠癌的临床病理参数和TMPRSS4蛋白的表达有助于判断患者的预后.     

表皮生长因子样结构域7蛋白在154例结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨表皮生长因子样结构域7（epidermal growth factor-like domain 7，EGFL7）蛋白在结直肠癌（colorectal cancer，CRC）中表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 选取154例施行CRC根治术切除患者作为病例组，同时选取47名行肠镜检查的健康体检者作为健康者组，分别收集CRC组织和正常结直肠黏膜组织标本。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测CRC组织及正常结直肠黏膜组织中EGFL7蛋白的表达，分析EGFL7蛋白表达与患者临床病理特征及术后预后的关系。［结果］ CRC组织中EGFL7蛋白阳性表达率为68.2%，显著高于正常结直肠黏膜组织的31.9%（χ2=19.687，P<0.001）。EGFL7蛋白表达在不同浸润深度（χ2=6.057，P=0.014）、淋巴结转移（χ2=5.229，P=0.022）、远处转移（χ2=4.857，P=0.028）和TNM分期（χ2=8.195，P=0.004）CRC患者中的差异均有统计学意义。EGFL7蛋白阳性表达者生存率显著低于阴性表达者（χ2=7.022，P=0.008），且EGFL7阳性表达是影响CRC患者术后预后的独立危险因素（HR=3.443，95%CI：1.924~6.160，P<0.001）。［结论］ EGFL7蛋白在CRC发生和侵袭、转移的不良事件，如淋巴结转移、远处转移中呈阳性表达，且EGFL7蛋白阳性表达是CRC患者术后预后的独立危险因素，提示EGFL7有望成为一个新的CRC诊断和预后标志物。     

TFF1和TFF3在结直肠癌中的表达与临床病理特点及预后的关系

  目的  检测三叶因子1（trefoil factor,TFF1）和三叶因子3（TFF3）在结直肠癌组织、癌旁组织及转移淋巴结中的表达,评价其与肿瘤发生、转移和预后的关系。  方法  采用免疫组织化学SP法检测65例结直肠癌、30例癌旁组织、25例转移淋巴结中TFF1和TFF3的表达,分析二者表达的差异及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。  结果  TFF1在癌旁组织、癌组织和转移淋巴结中表达逐渐增高（26.7%,70.8%,96%,两两比较均P < 0.05）。癌组织和转移淋巴结与癌旁组织比较,TFF3表达率均有降低（100% vs. 84.6%或80%,均P < 0.05）,癌组织和转移淋巴结之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TFF1在结直肠癌中的表达仅与肿瘤分化程度相关（P < 0.05）;TFF3表达与淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关（均P < 0.05）。TFF1在结直肠癌中的表达与TFF3呈负相关（P=0.014,r=-0.291）。TFF1表达水平与总生存率无相关性（P=0.639）,而TFF3表达水平与总生存率有关（P=0.045）。Cox比例风险模型单因素分析显示,浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、TNM分期等为影响预后的相关因素。多因素分析显示,淋巴结转移、远处转移、TNM分期和TFF3为预后的影响因素。  结论  TFF1和TFF3表达率与结直肠癌的发生、转移和预后密切相关。两者可能在结直肠癌的侵袭、转移中存在共同作用,相互影响。      

XRCC2在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨XRCC2在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 收集101例结直肠癌患者的标本及临床病理资料,通过qRT-PCR及免疫组化染色检测XRCC2在结直肠癌及癌旁组织中的表达,分析其与临床病理及预后之间的关系。［结果］ qRT-PCR结果表明癌组织中XRCC2 mRNA表达水平高于相对应的癌旁组织（P<0.001）;免疫组化结果显示67.3%(68/101)的结直肠癌组织XRCC2蛋白表达阳性。XRCC2蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤T分期、M分期、TNM分期、Duke’s分期、淋巴结转移和肝脏转移有关（P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,高表达XRCC2的结直肠癌患者预后差,与XRCC2低表达的患者相比,XRCC2高表达的患者中位生存期及无复发中位生存时间明显缩短（P<0.05）。Cox回归分析显示XRCC2表达是影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立因素。［结论］ XRCC2在结直肠癌组织中呈高表达,其可能成为预测结直肠癌发生发展及预后的生物标志物。     

Runx2和Slug在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨Runx2和Slug在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。［方法］ 采用免疫组化法检测Runx2和Slug在105例乳腺浸润性导管癌和105例癌旁乳腺组织中的表达情况,分析其与乳腺癌临床病理特征间的关系。［结果］ 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Runx2及Slug的阳性表达率分别为69.52%（73/105）和42.86（45/105）,显著性高于癌旁乳腺组织（P<0.05）。Runx2和Slug在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达均与ER呈负相关（r=-0.302,P<0.01;r=-0.368,P<0.01）。Runx2和Slug表达与乳腺癌的组织学分级、淋巴结转移和pTNM分期有关,而与患者年龄及肿瘤大小无关。［结论］ Runx2及Slug可能成为预测乳腺癌恶性程度和评估乳腺癌患者预后的重要指标。     

胆囊癌中B7-H1和B7-H4的表达及临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨胆囊癌中B7-H1和B7-H4的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例胆囊癌组织中B7-H1、B7-H4的表达,分析两者与胆囊癌临床病理特征的关系。［结果］ B7-H1和B7-H4在胆囊癌中的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织 (46.7% vs 5.0%,55.0% vs 0)（P均<0.05）。B7-H1、B7-H4在Nevin(Ⅳ+Ⅴ)期、淋巴结转移组中的阳性表达率显著高于Nevin（Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ）期、无淋巴结转移组(P＜0.05),B7-H1、B7-H4与性别、年龄、合并胆囊结石、肿瘤组织学类型及分化程度无相关性(P>0.05)。B7-H1、B7-H4在胆囊癌中表达呈正相关（r=0.30,P<0.05）。［结论］ B7-H1和B7-H4可能在胆囊癌的发生发展中起一定的作用。     

结直肠癌组织中Vav1、Rac1、CyclinD1、p21表达的意义

摘 要：［目的］ 通过检测Vav1、Ras相关的C3肉毒素底物1（Rac1）、细胞周期蛋白D1（CyclinD1）、p21蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达情况,分析Vav1蛋白与Rac1、CyclinD1、p21的关系及意义。［方法］ 180例结直肠癌肿瘤组织和162例癌旁组织的石蜡组织标本进行免疫组化染色,检测肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中Vav1、Rac1、CyclinD1、p21蛋白表达。［结果］ 结直肠癌肿瘤组织中Vav1 、Rac1、CyclinD1蛋白表达高于癌旁组织,p21蛋白在癌组织表达低于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。Vav1蛋白表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、分化情况及淋巴结转移有关;Rac1与肿瘤的分化情况、淋巴结转移有关;CyclinD1表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关（均P<0.05）。 Spearman相关分析显示,肿瘤组织中Vav1蛋白表达与Rac1、CyclinD1蛋白呈正相关,与p21负相关(P<0.05)。［结论］ Vav1在结直肠癌组织中的表达与肿瘤增殖的指标有关,可能通过调节Rac1、CyclinD1、p21促进肿瘤的生长。     

CRNDE和miR-181a在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 研究结直肠癌癌组织中长链非编码RNA（long-noncoding RNA,LncRNA）CRNDE及微小RNA（microRNA,miR）-181a表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 应用荧光实时定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR）检测89例结直肠癌癌组织和癌旁组织中CRNDE及miR-181a的表达,分析组间CRNDE及miR-181a表达差异及两者表达与临床病理特征的关系。Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较不同水平CRNDE、miR-181a患者3年总体生存率（OS）的差异。［结果］ 与癌旁组织相比,结直肠癌组织中CRNDE表达水平明显升高,miR-181a表达水平明显降低（P均<0.05）。结直肠癌癌组织中CRNDE、miR-181a表达与肿瘤分期、肿瘤分化有关（P均<0.05）,与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置及淋巴结转移无关（P均>0.05）。癌组织中CRNDE与miR-181a表达呈显著负相关（r=-0.558,P=0.008）。Kaplan-Meier分析表明癌组织中CRNDE高表达患者3年OS明显低于CRNDE低表达者（P<0.05）,而高表达miR-181a与低表达miR-181a患者3年OS无明显差异（P>0.05）。［结论］ 结直肠癌组织中CRNDE表达升高,而miR-181a表达降低,两者均参与结直肠癌的发生发展过程,有可能成为新的肿瘤标志物。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.