The effects of fertilization mode,embryo morphology at day 3, and female age on blastocyst formation and the clinical outcomes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of in vitro fertilization (IVF) versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), fertilization mode embryonic morphology at day 3, and female age on blastocyst development, on the clinical outcomes of pregnancy after blastocyst transfer. A total of 471 cycles were retrospectively investigated. The rates of blastocyst formation and of good blastocyst morphology were higher in IVF than in ICSI cycles but there were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancies or in the miscarriage rates. The rates of formation of blastocyst and of blastocysts with good morphology were significantly higher from good-morphology embryos than from poor-morphology embryos. Nevertheless, 16.9% of the poor-morphology embryos reached the blastocyst stage. The total rates of blastocyst formation, and rates of clinical pregnancy and implantation were statistically similar in the age <35, 35–39, and >39 year groups, although tending to decrease with increasing age. When equal numbers of embryos were transferred on day 3, the rates of clinical pregnancy and implantation after blastocyst transfer were significantly higher in the <35 year age group than in the 35–39 and >39 year age groups, which were not significantly different. The miscarriage rates after embryo or blastocyst transfers were not statistically different in groups of similar age. Therefore, extended embryo culture up to the blastocyst stage could be implemented for women aged younger than 35 years to increase the pregnancy rate. For older women, transfer and vitrification of available embryos at day 3 and extended culture of morphologically poor embryos to the blastocyst stage for cryopreservation may improve the clinical outcome.     

Analysis of embryo intactness and developmental potential following slow freezing and vitrification

The aim of this study was to identify the parameters that are related to intactness and developmental potential of a day 3 embryo after warming to improve the selection criteria used to cryopreserve and transfer embryos. We also sought to compare slow freezing and vitrification methods of cryopreservation and to evaluate the viability of non-intact embryos. Embryos warmed following slow freezing (n=220) or vitrification (n=522) were divided into 3 groups according to the proportion of surviving blastomeres (I<50%; II=50-99%; and III=100%). The developmental potential of embryos, including the mitosis resumption rate, blastocyst formation rate, and formation rate of grade A blastocysts (i.e., fully expanded blastocysts with an inner cell mass and grade A or B trophectoderm) were retrospectively assessed in embryos. Cleavage-stage embryos with <50% blastomere survival were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Logistic regression analysis showed that vitrification and grade 1 were independent predictive factors of embryo intactness and developmental potential (all p<0.05). On day 3, embryos with 4-6 cells or blastomere damage had lower developmental potential than those with 7-9 cells or intact blastomeres (all p<0.05). NGS results showed that the chromosomal status was completely normal in 8 embryos that developed into expanded blastocysts, whereas 4 out of 5 embryos in which development was arrested were abnormal. The results of this study suggest that vitrification is a better choice than slow freezing for embryo cryopreservation. Embryos showing poor quality (fragmentation >30% and/or a non-stage-specific cell size) and lower cell numbers (4-6 cells) on day 3 should be cultured to the blastocyst stage and then vitrified if they develop into good-quality blastocysts. The developmental potential of non-intact embryos is lower than that of intact embryos; however, after they are cultured to the fully expanded blastocyst stage, embryos with <50% blastomere survival appear to be better candidates for transfer.

Abbreviations ART: assisted reproductive technology; grade A blastocyst: fully expanded blastocyst with an inner cell mass and grade A or B trophectoderm; NGS: next-generation sequencing; IVF: in vitro fertilization; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; FET: frozen-thawed embryo transfer     

Clinical outcome of cycles with oocyte degeneration after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

There are variant rates of oocyte degeneration after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) among different patients. Oocyte degeneration after ICSI may reflect the cohort of oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development capacity and clinical outcome. This retrospective study analyzed 255 cycles with at least one degenerated oocyte after ICSI (degeneration group) and 243 cycles with no degenerated oocytes after ICSI (control group). Basic characteristics like female age, body mass index, duration of infertility, hormone (FSH, LH, E₂) levels on day 3 of menses, and primary infertility patient rate were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). Total dose of gonadotropin and length of stimulation were also similar between the two groups (p > 0.05), but the degeneration group exhibited a more exuberant response to ovarian stimulation as reflected by more oocytes retrieved (p < 0.05). The number of 2PN embryos available and high quality embryos were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05), but the high quality embryo rate, early cleavage embryo rate, and available embryo rate were all statistically lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Embryo developmental kinetics seemed to be disturbed and embryo fragmentation rate increased in the degeneration group (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of graded embryos transferred, and there were no statistical differences in the pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and abortion rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). We deduce that the presence of oocyte degeneration after ICSI may be associated with decreased embryo quality with embryo development kinetics disturbed. However, the clinical outcomes may not be affected if the premise that sufficient high quality degeneration group embryos are available for transfer.     

38岁以上不孕女性ART新鲜周期优选移植策略的探讨

目的 探讨≥38岁不孕女性在辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)新鲜周期优选单囊胚移植与双卵裂期胚胎移植的效果.方法 回顾性分析2019年1～12月在广西壮族自治区生殖医院≥38岁不孕女性新鲜周期双卵裂期胚胎(A组:2D3,621例)和单囊胚(B组:1D5-6,71例...     

Effects of endometrial preparations and transferred embryo types on pregnancy outcome from patients with advanced maternal age

We explored the strategy of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in the women with advanced maternal age (AMA). We first determined the age cut-off point of AMA by retrospective analysis of pregnancy outcomes in the patients undergoing FET. The patients with AMA were divided into 3 groups including natural cycle (NC) group, controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) group, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) group, and simultaneously were divided into 2 groups including cleavage-stage embryo transfer (CET) group and blastocyst-stage embryo transfer (BET) group. The clinical pregnancy, embryo implantation, abortion and live birth rates were compared between the 3 groups and the 2 groups, respectively. We found that in the women aged 38 years or over, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were all significantly decreased as compared with the younger than 38-year-old women (all P < 0.05), so the women aged 38 years or over were regarded as the patients with AMA in this study. In the patients with AMA, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were 22.95% and 18.03% in NC group, 23.68% and 15.79% % in COS group as well as 24.58% and 15.92% in HRT group, and there were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the 3 groups. However, the clinical pregnancy rate (42.96% vs 15.87%) and embryo implantation rate (32.26% vs 9.67%) were all significantly higher in the BET group than in the CET group (all P < 0.01). We conclude that in the women aged 38 years or over, the choice of endometrial preparation protocols may depend on the individual specific conditions because the endometrial preparation protocols do not affect FET outcome, but BET can obtain better FET outcomes as compared with CET.

Abbreviations: AMA: advanced maternal age; FET: frozen-thawed embryo transfer; NC: natural cycle; COS: controlled ovarian stimulation; HRT: hormone replacement therapy; CET: cleavage-stage embryo transfer; BET: blastocyst-stage embryo transfer; LH: luteinizing hormone; HCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; HMG: human menopausal gonadotropin; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; BMI: body mass index     

剖宫产后瘢痕子宫对IVF/ICSI-ET临床结局的影响

目的：比较剖宫产后瘢痕子宫患者与非瘢痕子宫患者在体外受精/胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植（IVF/ICSI-ET）治疗中的临床结局。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年12月在我中心行首次IVF-ET的患者共3 331个周期,其中A组249个周期（剖宫产后瘢痕子宫组）,B组3 082个周期（非瘢痕子宫组）,比较2组患者的总体临床特征,并分别比较在行囊胚或卵裂期胚胎移植时2组患者的妊娠结局。结果：在囊胚移植及单卵裂期胚胎移植者中,2组患者的优胚移植率、胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、异位妊娠率、流产率、活产率和多胎率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,A组早产率高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在双卵裂期胚胎移植者中,A组患者的优胚移植率、胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、活产率和多胎率均低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,2组患者异位妊娠率、流产率和早产率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：在胚胎条件类似的情况下,行单胚胎移植的剖宫产后瘢痕子宫的患者除早产率升高外,可获得与非瘢痕子宫患者类似的临床妊娠结局。双胚胎移植的临床结局仍需进一步研究。     

辅助生殖技术中移植胚胎数目、级别与妊娠结局关系的探讨

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术中新鲜周期移植胚胎数目、级别与妊娠结局的关系.方法:回顾性分析1261个新鲜移植周期患者的临床资料.按照年龄分层后依据移植胚胎数目分组(<35岁:A组,移植1枚胚胎;B组,移植2枚胚胎;≥35岁:a组,移植1枚胚胎;b组,移植2枚胚胎;c组,移植3枚胚胎),每组再依据移植Ⅰ级胚胎数分亚组,A组分为...     

IVF-ET中移植管距宫底距离与临床妊娠的关系

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植术中(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)胚胎移植内管距宫底距离(transfer distance from the fundus,TDF)与临床妊娠的关系。方法:选择常规长方案取卵患者759个周期,胚胎移植时阴道B超测量TDF,依据TDF分A、B、C 3组:即<1 cm组、1～1.5 cm组、>1.5 cm组,比较各组IVF-ET的相关指标及其临床结局。结果:①3组在平均年龄、不孕年限、基础血FSH、体重指数、Gn总量、获卵数、受精数、可利用胚胎数、优胚数、移植胚胎数比较,均无统计学差异(P>0.05);②C组胚胎种植率(33.6%)高于B组(23.5%)(P<0.05);A、B、C 3组间的临床妊娠率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),但A组最低,C组最高;B组流产率高于C组(P<0.05);各组之间异位妊娠率无统计学差异。结论:在B超引导下进行胚胎移植时,移植内管距宫底>1.5 cm更有助于提高临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率,降低流产率。     

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment of resistant thin endometrium in women with frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer

The aim of the study was to assess the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) effect on unresponsive thin (<7 mm) endometrium in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage. A total of 62 women with thin unresponsive endometrium were included in the study, of which, 29 received a G-CSF infusion and 33 who opted out of the study served as controls. Patients in both groups had similar endometrial thickness at the time of the initial evaluation: 6.50 mm (5.50-6.80) in the G-CSF and 6.40 mm (5.50-7.0) in the control group. However, after the infusion endometrial thickness increased significantly in the G-CSF group in comparison with the controls (p=0.01), (Δ) 0.5 (0.02-1.2) (p=0.005). In the G-CSF group endometrium expanded to 7.90 mm (6.58-8.70) while in the control group to 6.90 mm (6.0-7.75). Five women in each group conceived. The clinical pregnancy rate was 5/29 (17.24%) in the G-CSF treated group and 5/33 (15.15%) in the control group (p>0.05). The live birth rate was 2/29 (6.89%) in the G-CSF group and 2/33 (6.06%) in the control group (p>0.05). We concluded that G-CSF infusion leads to an improvement in endometrium thickness but not to any improvement in the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Until more data is available G-CSF treatment should be considered to be of limited value in increasing pregnancy rate. Abbreviations: G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; M-CSF: macrophagecolony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; FET: frozen embryo transfer; IVF: in vitro fertilization     

激光辅助孵化对冻融卵裂期胚胎和囊胚移植妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨激光辅助孵化（LAH）对玻璃化冻融卵裂期胚胎和囊胚移植妊娠结局的影响。方法：回顾性分析565个玻璃化冻融移植周期,根据是否行LAH,将426个卵裂期胚胎移植周期分为AH组和非AH组,139个囊胚移植周期分为AH1组和非AH1组。比较患者一般情况和妊娠结局。结果：卵裂期胚胎AH组和非AH组患者的临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率、多胎率、流产率、异位妊娠率比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。囊胚AH1组的胚胎种植率和多胎率高于非AH1组（P＜0.05）,2组的临床妊娠率、流产率和异位妊娠率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：LAH可提高玻璃化冻融囊胚移植的胚胎种植率和多胎率,但并不能提高玻璃化冻融卵裂期胚胎移植的临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率。     

选择性单囊胚移植在降低多胎率中的应用

目的：探讨选择性囊胚培养与单囊胚移植（eBC-SBT）对妊娠结局、多胎妊娠率和单卵双胎率的影响。方法：按实施选择性囊胚培养与单囊胚移植技术的前、后,分为干预组（对预后良好、高危多胎妊娠风险的患者建议行选择性囊胚培养,自愿者行囊胚培养,其余患者于第3天移植）和非干预组（全部患者移植第3天卵裂期胚胎）。第5天或第6天对接受eBC-SBT患者的囊胚进行评级,评为BB及其以上级别的囊胚,予单囊胚移植;评为BC及以下级别的囊胚,予双囊胚移植。分析eBC-SBT对种植率、临床妊娠率、多胎率及单卵双胎率等的影响。结果：①干预组和非干预组患者的年龄、获卵数及受精率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,干预后移植胚胎数降低（[1.60±0.56）vs（.2.17±0.51）,P〈0.01],种植率（33.75%vs.25.69%）和临床妊娠率（47.31%vs.40.84%）均提高（P〈0.05）,多胎率降低（15.38%vs.29.37%,P〈0.01）。②干预后,选择性单囊胚移植组移植胚胎数低于卵裂期胚胎移植组（[1.09±0.28）vs（.1.96±0.40）,P〈0.01],前者种植率提高（43.99%vs.30.18%,P〈0.01）,2组临床妊娠率差异无统计学意义（47.35%vs.47.29%,P〉0.05）,但多胎率降低（0.86%vs.24.59%,P〈0.01）。③干预组和非干预组的单卵双胎发生率差异无统计学意义（1.32%vs.1.67%,P〉0.05）。在干预组中,选择性单囊胚移植患者的单卵双胎率与卵裂期胚胎移植组的差异亦无统计学意义（2.59%vs.1.09%,P〉0.05）。结论：eBC-SBT能显著降低多胎率,有效维持总体临床妊娠率,且未见单卵双胎率异常增高。     

Correlation between aneuploidy and blastocyst quality

ObjectiveTo carry out a detailed investigation of the impact of aneuploidy on blastocyst quality.Methods1 257 cleavage-stage embryos from 203 patients underwent IVF treatment with aneuploidy screening were investigated. Comprehensive chromosome analysis involved the use of microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) method on single blastomere biopsied on day 3 of embryo development. Embryo morphology was assessed and recorded on days 3 and/or 5–6 post-fertilisation. Morphologic grade A-C was assigned to the blastocysts with grade A being the highest grade and grade C the lowest.ResultsAmong the 1 257 embryos that were analyzed, 474 (38%) were euploid, and 783 (62%) were aneuploid. 315/474 (66.5%) of euploid embyos developed into blastocysts, while 57/783 (32.8%) of aneuploid embryos grew to blastocysts (P<0.01). At the blastocyst stage, the best quality embryos (grade A) were in their majority (164/241 or 68%) euploid. Of the 219 fair quality blastocyts (grade B) 129 were euploid (59%) and 22/112 (20%) of poor quality blastocysts (grade C) were euploid.ConclusionBlastocyst morphology showed a significant link to aneuploidy (P<0.05). However, grading morphology alone can not replace preimplantation aneuploidy screening. Morphology screening or other markers for embryo competence, combined with preimplantation genetic screening for 24 chromosomes may produce the best results.     

输卵管积水对新鲜胚胎移植和冻融胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨输卵管积水对体外受精新鲜胚胎移植和冻融胚胎移植临床结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年6月因输卵管因素在郑州大学第二附属医院生殖中心行常规体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF-ET)治疗的496例不育患者的资料,按IVF-ET前患者输卵管积水的发生和移植情况分为：A组无积水组并新鲜胚胎移植181例;B组新鲜胚胎移植当天行输卵管积水抽吸术51例;C组因输卵管积水行胚胎冷冻,积水治疗后首次复苏移植,根据复苏距离取卵时间分为C1(≤1年)136例,C2(>1年)84例;D组为暂行胚胎冷冻,复苏移植当日行积水抽吸术44例。比较各组妊娠结局。结果 A组的临床妊娠率(69.1%)明显高于B组(54.9%)和C、D组(55.0%和54.5%)(P<0.05),A组的种植率(41.9%)也高于其他组(B组34.5%,C组33.0%,D组32.9%)(P<0.05),获卵数A组(9.4±6.1)低于其他各组(P<0.05),多胎妊娠率A组(15.2%)高于B组(3.9%),受...     

玻璃化冷冻胚胎和新鲜胚胎移植的临床结局比较

目的 探讨玻璃化冷冻胚胎移植(FET)和新鲜胚胎移植(NET)的临床结局。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年3月在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院行体外受精-新鲜胚胎移植(IVF-NET)577个周期及单精子卵细胞浆内显微注射-新鲜胚胎移植(ICSI-NET)118个周期、FET 175个周期共870个周期的临床资料,比较NET组和FET组(曾经NET未成功妊娠,后行FET者)的临床特征和助孕结局,再将FET组分为妊娠亚组和未妊娠亚组进一步分析比较。采用二分类logistic回归分析影响妊娠结局的因素。结果 FET组的种植率(26.27% vs. 31.98%,P=0.01)、临床妊娠率(47.43% vs. 65.18%,P<0.001)均明显低于NET组,差异均有统计学意义;FET组的流产率(P=0.63)、生化妊娠率(P=0.17)和胎儿出生体重(P=0.33)与NET组相比差异均无统计学意义。FET组中妊娠亚组与未妊娠亚组女方年龄(30.69岁±3.37岁 vs. 32.00岁±5.09岁,P=0.03)的差异有统计学意义;BMI、不孕年限、基础内分泌等指标的差异均无统计学意义。二分类logistic回归分析显示是否行FET(P<0.001)、女方年龄(P<0.001)、BMI(P=0.011)和优质胚胎数(P<0.001)为影响妊娠结局的因素。结论 曾经行NET未成功的妊娠者,随后使用FET者其种植率和妊娠率均较低,但不增加流产率,未影响胎儿出生体重,未发现FET对妊娠结局有不良影响。     

Effects of different open cryo-carriers on embryo survival and clinical outcome in frozen embryo transfer cycle patients

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different open cryo-carriers: the CryoloopTM, CryotopTM, and CryoleafTM, in embryo survival and clinical outcome in patients with frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle. We analyzed the embryo survival rate and clinical outcome in 325 patients of 348 FET cycles vitrified with the CryoloopTM (160 cycles), CryotopTM (105 cycles), or CryoleafTM (83 cycles). No significant differences were observed in embryo survival rate (98.8% vs. 100% vs. 97.7%, p > 0.05), HCG positive rate (58.8% vs. 63.8% vs. 57.8%, p > 0.05), biochemical pregnancy rate (6.9% vs. 11.4% vs. 9.6%, p > 0.05), or implantation rate (33.2% vs. 37.4% vs. 34.1%, p > 0.05) in the three groups respectively. The early abortion rate of the CryoloopTM group was significantly higher than that of the CryotopTM and CryoleafTM group (27.1% vs. 3.6% and 7.5%, p < 0.05). At the same time, the average female age of the CryoloopTM group was significantly older by 1 year than that of the CryotopTM and CryoleafTM group (33.29 ± 4.71 years vs. 31.96 ± 4.27 years and 31.1 ± 4.28 years, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in take home baby rate (38.1% vs. 46.7% vs. 43.4, p > 0.05) or birth weight among the groups (2893.5 ± 780.8 g vs. 2778.4 ± 710.0 g vs. 2724.5 ± 838.8 g, p > 0.05). No case of neonatal malformation was observed in the present study. Overall, CryotopTM and CryoleafTM were effective for embryo vitrification at both the cleavage and blastocyst stage according to the results of clinical outcome and infant characteristics. However, CryoloopTM led to a decreased positive HCG rate and increased early abortion rate, heightened at the cleavage stage.

Abbreviations: LN₂: liquid nitrogen; CPA: cryoprotectant; ART: assisted reproductive technology; IVF: in vitro fertilization; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; BMI: body mass index; FSH: follicular stimulation hormone; COH: controlled ovarian hyperstimulation; FET: frozen embryo transfer; mm: millimeter; HCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; RCT: randomized clinical trial; NC: natural cycle; AC: artificial cycle; EM: equilibration medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulphoxide; EG: ethylene glycol; VM: vitrification medium; WM: warming medium     

囊胚移植对增加单卵双胎风险的研究

目的 比较囊胚期胚胎移植和卵裂期胚胎移植单卵双胎的发生率. 方法 回顾性分析2009年1月—2011年12月在本院生殖中心行体外受精-胚胎移植/卵胞浆内单精子显微注射患者的资料,根据移植胚胎的发育阶段,分为卵裂胚移植组和囊胚移植组.比较两组单卵双胎的发生率及其临床结局. 结果 卵裂期胚胎移植组移植胚胎的数目多[（2.0±0.3）个],多胎率高（32.1％）,与囊胚移植组比较,差异有统计学意义;卵裂期胚胎移植组和囊胚移植组的单卵双胎率（2.6％和3.6％）、流产率（33.3％和29.4％）、活胎分娩率（66.7％和70.6％）、早产率（75.0％和66.7％）及低体重儿出生率（50.0％和78.3％）差异均无统计学意义. 结论 囊胚移植不增加单卵双胎发生率的风险.     

不同胚胎移植策略对体外受精临床结局的影响

目的：比较人类胚胎体外培养第3天4种胚胎移植策略的临床结局。方法：回顾性分析了本中心2010年1月—2012年12月收治的≤35岁患者的第3天胚胎移植周期,均为第一次促排卵周期,采用控制性促排卵长方案和短方案,排除供精周期和遗传性疾病患者,获卵数≥2个。根据移植胚胎数及评分（评为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为高评分胚胎,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级为低评分胚胎）分为4组：A组移植1枚高评分胚胎,B组移植2枚高评分胚胎,C组移植1枚高评分胚胎和1枚低评分胚胎,D组移植2枚低评分胚胎。比较4组的临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率、双胎率、流产率和活产率。结果：4组的流产率分别为8.67%、10.34%、13.54%、20.00%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=4.146,P=0.246）;B组的每周期临床妊娠率和活产率分别为55.94%、49.38%,均高于A组（32.05%、28.63%）和C组（42.86%、37.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.000 1）,C组的每周期临床妊娠率和活产率高于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;然而,B组的双胎率（36.31%）高于A组（0.67%）和C组（27.60%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：选择1枚高评分胚胎与1枚低评分胚胎协同移植,可获得可接受的每周期临床妊娠率和活产率,亦未提高双胎率。     

血清炎症细胞因子与多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者IVF-ET助孕妊娠结局的相关性分析

目的分析血清炎症细胞因子与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕妊娠结局的相关性。方法选取2016年6月-2018年3月就诊于银川市妇幼保健院行IVF-ET助孕的PCOS不孕症患者100例为研究组,同期行IVF-ET助孕的非PCOS不孕症患者100例为对照组。根据体质指数(BMI),将两组患者分别分为PCOS肥胖组(A组,50例)、PCOS非肥胖组(B组,50例)、非PCOS肥胖组(C组,50例)、非PCOS非肥胖组(D组,50例)。4组均采用短效长方案超促排卵,检测血清核因子-κB(NF-κB)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR),分析IVF-ET助孕妊娠结局。结果4组患者血清hs-CRP、NLR、TNF-α及NF-κB水平比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。NF-κB是评估PCOS患者低度慢性炎症较敏感的指标,TNF-α次之。4组患者卵子成熟率、受精率、优胚率、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率、早期流产率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果表明:血清NF-κB水平与PCOS不孕症患者卵子成熟率、受精率、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率均显著相关(P<0.05)。结论PCOS患者体内慢性炎症反应可能通过胰岛素抵抗导致卵子质量及子宫内膜容受性下降,进而对患者的妊娠结局造成不良影响。     

严重自发空泡化对胚胎发育潜能的影响

目的:探讨授精后第5天(D5)严重自发空泡化的形成对胚胎发育潜能的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月-2017年12月于本中心行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)或卵细胞胞质内单精子注射术(ICSI)治疗患者的临床资料,选取授精后D5出现严重自发空泡化的873个胚胎作为空泡组,同期形态无异常的5709个胚胎作为对照组。比较两组第6天(D6)胚胎的可利用囊胚率、优质囊胚率及临床结局。结果:空泡组D6可利用囊胚率(8.3%)及优质囊胚率(22.2%)均低于对照组(27.9%、65.2%)(P<0.05)。临床结局方面,无论是单胚复苏移植还是与正常胚胎的联合复苏移植,空泡组与对照组的妊娠率、活产率和流产率均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:授精后D5严重自发空泡化的形成虽然影响D6可利用囊胚率及优质囊胚率,但可利用囊胚与对照组有相似的临床结局。     

不同内膜准备方案对多囊卵巢综合征患者冻融胚胎移植周期临床结局的影响

目的：探讨不同子宫内膜准备方案对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者冻融胚胎移植（FET）周期临床结局的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月—2017年12月于南京医科大学附属妇产医院生殖中心行FET的633例PCOS患者的病历资料，根据内膜准备方案分为促排卵组（A组，61例）、激素替代组（B组，347例）、降调节+激素替代组（C组，225例），比较3组患者的基本情况及妊娠结局。结果：3组患者的年龄、不孕时间、体质量指数（BMI）、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平、雌二醇（E2）水平、移植胚胎数、优质胚胎数、囊胚占比差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。C组基础黄体生成激素（LH）水平高于B组，FET周期始用药时LH、FSH、E2水平均明显低于A、B组，转化日子宫内膜厚度高于A、B组（P＜0.05），3组间胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率和多胎妊娠率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。A组早期流产率低于B、C组，B组的异位妊娠率低于C组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。B组与C组间雌激素用量及用药时间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：对于PCOS患者，促排卵、激素替代、降调节+激素替代3种内膜准备方案均能获得较好的FET临床结局，促排卵和激素替代方案在降低早期流产率和异位妊娠率方面各具优势。