原发性闭角型青光眼房水免疫球蛋白的测定及意义

应用单向琼脂免疫扩散法测定原发性闭角型青光眼(PCAG)房水免疫球蛋白水平。53例53眼PCAG房水中均可测出IgG,53眼中仅有7眼房水测出IgA,3眼房水测出IgM,PCAG房水IgG及IgA水平均高于对照组老年性白内障,且有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。PCAG房水IgG滤过系数为1/67.826,较正常人眼高。结果表明PCAG之血房水屏障功能有破坏,房水免疫反应参与PCAG之发生与发展。     

晚期青光眼的房水动力学变化

目的：观察晚期青光眼高眼压对睫状体功能的损害作用及对角膜透明性的影响。方法：应用扫描荧光光度计及Ｓｃｈｉｏｔｚ电子眼压计分别测定１５只正常眼和１５只晚期原发性青光眼眼压、房水排出率和房水流畅系数,并观察角膜的透明性。结果：晚期青光眼眼房水排出率显著下降,下降程度与眼压水平及病程成正比。房水排出率降低至０．８μｌ／ｍｉｎ。角膜出现水肿混浊,房水排出率下降愈甚,角膜透明性改变愈明显。结论：持续高眼压将     

青光眼房水引流装置的研究进展

青光眼房水引流装置植入术是目前临床上广为推崇的一种治疗难治性青光眼的有效方法。各引流装置在设计、材料、引流盘的面积和形状及有无阀门或限流器上存在差异。现就临床常用的青光眼房水引流装置的结构特点、作用机制、并发症、不足之处以及当前研究进展做一简要概述。     

青光眼患者血清及房水一氧化氮浓度的测定

目的 测定青光眼患者血清及房水一氧化氮(NO)浓度并探讨其在青光眼发病中的作用。方法 实验患者分为青光眼组和白内障组,应用硝酸还原酶法分别测定两组患者血清及房水NO浓度。结果 两组患者血清NO浓度无显著性差异,青光眼组内各类型之间血清NO浓度亦无显著性差异。原发性开角型青光眼患者房水NO浓度较对照组及其他类型青光眼显著降低,闭角型青光眼患者房水NO浓度较对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。 结论 眼压升高可引起房水NO浓度升高,过多的NO可损伤小梁网及邻近的葡萄膜及视网膜组织。开角型青光眼患者由于房角原生型一氧化氮合成酶的减少引起房水NO浓度的降低,此可能为眼压升高的原因之一。     

原发性闭角型青光眼房水蛋白含量的测定及意义

原发性闭角型青光眼房水蛋白含量的测定及意义潍坊医学院眼科教研室尤毓陆，王继兵，杨连洲，李兴英潍坊市人民医院检验科赵中珩正常人眼房水蛋白含量极少，约为０．０５～０．Ｚｇ／Ｌ，为血浆蛋白的１／４００—３００，一旦房水蛋白的含量增高，则可说明血——房水屏障...     

青光眼患者房水中细胞因子的研究进展

房水由睫状突上皮细胞产生,是前房的重要组成部分,为角膜、晶状体、小梁网等无血管组织提供营养.相较于血液,房水能更好地反映眼内的环境,因此近几年房水中细胞因子检测成为眼科研究的热点之一.研究者已经在多种眼部疾病中发现了房水细胞因子的改变,包括青光眼.一些研究认为,房水中细胞因子的改变可能与青光眼的发病机制有关,甚至可能影响青光眼滤过术的预后.本文总结了几类细胞因子在青光眼房水中的变化,并分析它们与青光眼的关系.     

房水引流与原发性开角型青光眼的关系

原发性开角型青光眼（ＰＯＡＧ）的发病机制一直是人们致力研究的问题。本文回顾大量文献，对正常房水通路的主要阻力部位以及ＰＯＡＧ房水通路的改变进行了详尽的综述，提示在ＰＯＡＧ的发生发展中所产生的重要影响。     

不同方式白内障手术后房水免疫球蛋白及细胞学检查的分析

目的：探讨白内障手术后炎症反应对后发障的影响在不同术式组有无显著性差异。方法：将24例实验动物随机分为A,B,C,D4组。A组行晶状体超声乳体摘出术,B组行超声乳化摘出联合后囊连续环形撕囊术,C组行超声乳化摘出联合后囊连续环形撕囊及前部玻璃体切割术,D组为空白对照组。术后1天,1周,3周,1月时取各组的房水行免疫球蛋白及细胞学检查。结果：各手术组的房水免疫球蛋白及细胞增较对照组高,且A,B组较C组高。术后3周各组均恢复到对照组水平。术后1月各组才有后发障发生。结论：在各组房水免疫球蛋白及细胞有显著性差异的时期内尚无后发障的发生,术后炎症反应对后发障的影响在各手术组无显著性差异。     

三种青光眼房水引流物治疗难治性青光眼

目的：三种青光眼房水引流物治疗难治性青光眼,评价三种不同类的青光眼房水引流物的临床治疗效果。方法：４９例难治性青光眼其中新生血管性青光眼１９例,２５例继发性青光眼,２例先天性青光眼,３例恶性青光眼,均施行颞上象限前房到赤道部区域的青光眼房水引流物的植入术,其中用ｍｏｌｔｅｎｏ植入６例,用Ｂａｅｒｖｅｌｄｔ植入８例,用Ａｈｍｅｄ植入３５例。结果：用ｍｏｌｔｅｎｏ植入术后一个月,４例眼压在１．３７ｋＰ     

抽空房水C3F8充填前房中期全眼球湿房角膜保存的实验研究

采用抽空房水Ｃ３Ｆ８（全氟丙烷）充填前房全眼球湿房保存角膜内皮细胞活性。通过内皮细胞显微照相、内皮细胞活性染色（锥蓝联合茜素红染色）、扫描电镜、保存后的兔角膜行实验性同种异体穿透角膜移植，证实保存７天内皮细胞结构完整，功能良好。     

Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Historical Perspective

In antiquity the aqueous humor was seen as essential to moisten and nourish the lens— the actual organ of vision—and therefore any loss was believed to lead to blindness. The recuperation of the eye after some aqueous loss during cataract couching and experimental loss in animals slowly undermined this idea in the 16^th and 17^th centuries. In the 18^th century production of aqueous from the ciliary region and its outflow from the anterior chamber, and thus its circulation, was generally accepted. Early in the 19^th century the aqueous was thought to be encapsulated, but by the end of the century the general dynamic principles of aqueous flow as we know them today were experimentally and clinically confirmed. The controversy concerning its mode of production and circulation that took place early in the 20^th century was resolved with the discovery of the aqueous veins and advances in molecular biology.     

柔红霉素脂质体的制备及兔房水中柔红霉素及其脂质体浓度的测定

目的:探讨药物柔红霉素(daunorubicine,DNR)及其脂质体在房水中维持的浓度及时间。方法:20只兔眼于晶体囊外摘除术中分别注入0.1ml之1mg/ml DNR及其脂质体(LDNR),术后12、24、48小时和1周时间采集房水,应用高效液相色谱法测定房水中DNR的浓度。结果:术后12、24、48小时注入DNR和LDNR眼均可测出DNR,且LDNR眼浓度明显高于DNR眼,术后1周LDNR眼仍可测出DNR,但注入DNR眼无法测出。结论:应用高效液相色谱法可测定兔房水中的DNR浓度,且LDNR眼浓度明显高于DNR眼,有明显的缓释延时效应。眼科学报1998;14:232～235。     

Effect of Chronically Administered Timolol on Aqueous Humor Flow in Patients with Glaucoma

A prospective analysis of the effect of chronically administered timoloi on the rate of aqueous humor flow through the anterior chamber was performed in 15 eyes of 13 subjects with chronic openangle glaucoma. After one week's treatment, the flow of each treated eye was lower than it had been prior to treatment. After one year's treatment, the flow of 13 of 15 treated eyes was lower than it had been prior to treatment. However, the flow was higher in 12 of 15 eyes after a year's treatment than it had been after a week's treatment. These data suggest that the ciliary body or other structures in the eye must partly adapt to the chronic administration of this drug. The mechanism of the adaptation is unknown.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者房水蛋白质组学分析

目的：探究不同眼压的原发性急性闭角型青光眼（PAACG）患者房水蛋白的差异性表达,寻找青光眼性视神经损伤的可能机制,为青光眼性视神经保护的可能作用靶点提供实验依据。方法：病例对照研究。通过简单随机抽样选取2019年3月至2020年9月期间于吉林大学第二医院眼科中心入院治疗的PAACG患者共88例（88眼）。根据PAACG患者的眼压将88个选定的样本分为2组：A组36个样本,眼压≥50 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）;B组52个样本,眼压≤21 mmHg。以上样本被分为2个队列：发现队列（A组26个样本;B组37个样本）和验证队列（A组10个样本;B组15个样本）。分别通过数据独立采集（DIA）方法和平行反应监测（PRM）方法分析房水蛋白。采用独立样本t检验分析蛋白表达差异。结果：本研究从发现队列的A、B组中63个房水样本中共检测出636个蛋白,去除默认蛋白后得到506个蛋白用于后续分析,其中51个蛋白在发现队列A、B组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.020）在这51个差异蛋白中,A组存在17个蛋白表达上调,B组存在34个蛋白表达上调。抽取上述51个差异蛋白中APOA2、TIMP1、LRP2和VASN进行PRM验证,结果显示这4个差异蛋白在发现队列及验证队列中保持一致。结论：PAACG患者房水中差异蛋白的表达与炎症反应以及小梁网细胞外基质重塑、神经损伤相关,可能是导致青光眼患者眼压升高以及视神经损伤的重要原因。     

A Mathematical Model of Aqueous Humor Production and Composition

PurposeWe develop a mathematical model that predicts aqueous humor (AH) production rate by the ciliary processes and aqueous composition in the posterior chamber (PC), with the aim of estimating how the aqueous production rate depends on the controlling parameters and how it can be manipulated.MethodsWe propose a compartmental mathematical model that considers the stromal region, ciliary epithelium, and PC. All domains contain an aqueous solution with different chemical species. We impose the concentration of all species on the stromal side and exploit the various ion channels present on the cell membrane to compute the water flux produced by osmosis, the solute concentrations in the AH and the transepithelial potential difference.ResultsWith a feasible set of parameters, the model predictions of water flux from the stroma to the PC and of the solute concentrations in the AH are in good agreement with measurements. Key parameters which impact the aqueous production rate are identified. A relevant role is predicted to be played by cell membrane permeability to K+ and Cl-, by the level of transport due to the Na⁺-H⁺ exchanger and to the co-transporter of Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻; and by carbonic anhydrase.ConclusionsThe mathematical model predicts the formation and composition of AH, based on the structure of the ciliary epithelium. The model provides insight into the physical processes underlying the functioning of drugs that are adopted to regulate the aqueous production. It also suggests ion channels and cell membrane properties that may be targeted to manipulate the aqueous production rate.     

原发慢性闭角青光眼房水动力学改变与房角关闭范围,眼压及视功能损害的关系

对40例57眼原发性慢性闭角型青光眼(PCACG)和正常对照组30例60眼,进行了房水荧光素浓度曲线的测定。结果显示,PCACG房角关闭≥:180°组,房水荧光素下降率比对照组减少30.21%,所致视功能损害为青光眼早期和中期改变。而房角关闭≥270°组,房水荧光素下降率比对照组减少58.95%,所致视功能损害主要是青光眼晚期改变。证明PCACG房角关闭范围越大,房水荧光素下降率越低,眼压越高,视功能损害也就越严重。