导管引导下泡沫硬化剂疗法治疗大隐静脉曲张

目的 探讨导管引导下的泡沫硬化剂疗法治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果.方法 选择2008年4月至8月间有微创治疗意愿的30例(条)中重度下肢静脉曲张患者.其中男性11例,女性19例;年龄34-85岁,平均年龄52岁.病史2～30年,平均20年.对其进行导管引导下患肢大隐静脉主干内注射1%聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂,观察大隐静脉主干的闭合情况.结果 30条患肢均在导管引导下成功注射硬化剂,平均每条患肢应用6.2 ml泡沫硬化剂,27条(90%)大隐静脉主干治疗后即刻可见反流消失.术后早期大隐静脉走行轻微浅静脉炎5例(条),2周内自行缓解,无严重的并发症发生.平均随访3个月,27例患者下肢活动后酸胀、乏力感消失,下肢明显的曲张畸形静脉消失;27条患肢(90%)于治疗后2周、3个月后复诊血管超声时大隐静脉主干闭塞.4例(条)患者(15%)仅有小腿局限的轻度曲张.结论 导管引导的泡沫硬化剂疗法治疗下肢静脉曲张的大隐静脉主干闭合率较高,是微创治疗下肢静脉曲张有效的新方法.     

大隐静脉高位结扎联合导管泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的观察大隐静脉高位结扎联合数字减影血管造影(DSA)导管引导下的泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法选取本院2012年10月至2013年4月下肢静脉曲张患者26例(26条患肢),大隐静脉高位结扎并在DSA导管引导下对患肢大隐静脉主干内注射1%聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂,观察大隐静脉主干的闭合情况。结果患者均在DSA导管引导下成功注射1%聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂,平均每条患肢应用26.5ml泡沫硬化剂。24例大隐静脉主干治疗后即可见反流消失。治疗2周及3个月后随诊下肢静脉超声示大隐静脉主干闭塞。患者下肢活动后酸胀、乏力感消失,大隐静脉走形迂曲、扩张、畸形静脉消失,无严重并发症发生。结论大隐静脉高位结扎联合DSA导管引导下泡沫硬化剂疗法是一种安全、有效、微创治疗大隐静脉曲张的方法,但其远期效果仍然需要进行进一步的随访观察。     

静脉腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效观察

目的　评价静脉腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效。方法　 46例患者共 5 4条患肢行单纯激光治疗或大隐静脉高位结扎加激光治疗。结果　所有患者的静脉曲张均闭塞。 19.5 %患者出现肢体淤斑 ,81.5 %患者肢体发生沿大隐静脉行程条索状硬结或硬块 ,11.1%患者皮肤局部麻木 ,1例患者发生皮肤浅表烧伤。所有患者均获随访 ,平均随访 6个月 (3～ 8个月 ) ,均痊愈。无深静脉血栓 ,无局部复发 ,疗效满意。结论　静脉腔内激光治疗是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗方法 ,选择大隐静脉高位结扎加激光治疗则更安全。     

腔内射频闭合术联合旋切术治疗下肢静脉功能不全

目的 评价静脉腔内射频闭合术联合静脉旋切术(TriVex)治疗下肢静脉功能不全的疗效.方法 对392例原发性下肢静脉曲张患者共413条患肢的大隐静脉主干采用数控射频静脉闭合系统治疗,并联合TriVex术治疗属支曲张静脉.结果 下肢静脉曲张均临床治愈.随访12～48(平均32)个月,患者曲张静脉均未见复发.结论 腔内射频闭合术联合TriVex微创刨吸术是一种新的治疗下肢静脉曲张的方法,具有术式简单、微创、康复快且疗效可靠等优点.     

不同方法治疗下肢静脉曲张临床分析

目的探讨不同方法治疗下肢静脉曲张的效果. 方法 1994年1月～2005年1月对236例(319条患肢)下肢静脉曲张,分别采用大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥法136例(184条患肢)、高位结扎抽剥联合皮下连续环形缝扎法63例(86条患肢)、腔内激光照射法7例(9条患肢)、关节镜下微创刨削法30例(40条患肢)进行治疗,其中关节镜刨削法通过小腿2个小切口分别放置关节镜与刨削系统,对曲张成团的浅静脉刨削抽吸清除. 结果术后出现皮下血肿、局部轻度硬肿等不良反应,经处理后3～5周内消失.207例(87.7%)275条患肢术后随访3～12个月,平均10.6月,其中激光组7例与关节镜组30例全部随访.术后患肢酸胀坠痛感消失,疼痛及跛行消失,137条肢体慢性溃疡有125条在术后3～6周愈合. 结论 4种方法有其各自的适应证,关节镜下微创刨削清除下肢浅静脉曲张安全、有效、创伤小、并发症少,是治疗下肢浅静脉曲张的一种新方法.     

下肢静脉曲张术后复发原因和再手术探讨

目的 探讨下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因及治疗策略.方法 对本院2005年7月～2011年6月收治24例(31条患肢)下肢静脉曲张术后复发患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组复发的主要原因有大隐静脉残留18条患肢,小隐静脉曲张未处理5条患肢;激光闭合术后曲张静脉再通4条患肢;交通支静脉功能不全6条患肢;深静脉血栓形成后综合征(PTS)4条患肢;血管再生与深静脉交通1条患肢.21例患者(28条患肢)接受再手术治疗,25条反流性静脉曲张患肢外观曲张静脉消失,1例随访时死亡,死时患肢无复发.3例PTS患者治疗后,2例溃疡愈合,1例仍反复溃疡.结论 再手术前常规的影像学检查以此选择正确的手术方案是手术成功的关键.     

射频消融治疗大隐静脉曲张的近期有效性及安全性

目的观察射频消融(RFA)治疗大隐静脉曲张的近期有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析接受超声引导下RFA治疗的17例大隐静脉曲张患者(26条患肢)术前1周、术后即刻及术后1、3、6个月临床资料。结果 26条患肢中,术后即刻及术后1、3、6个月大隐静脉闭塞率均为100%(26/26)。术后3、6个月患肢活动能力较术前1周好转(P均0.05),术后6个月疼痛程度较术前1周缓解(P0.05)。术后1、3、6个月患肢临床-病因-解剖-病理生理(CEAP)临床分级及修订版静脉临床严重程度评分(rVCSS)与术前1周比较分级均降低(P均0.01)。术后6个月内7条患肢发生皮下条索僵硬静脉,1条隐股点不适,3条皮下出血。结论 RFA治疗大隐静脉曲张近期疗效好,且并发症少。     

腹腔镜交通静脉离断联合激光治疗下肢交通静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的:探讨腹腔镜静脉交通支离断(subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery,SEPS)联合静脉腔内激光(endovenouslaser treatment,EVLT)治疗下肢交通静脉瓣膜功能不全的可行性。方法:彩超诊断下肢静脉曲张合并交通静脉瓣膜功能不全患肢共82条,随机选择62条患肢行SEPS,联合大隐静脉EVLT为腔镜治疗组。20条患肢为对照组,行传统大隐静脉剥脱术。结果:腔镜治疗组曲张静脉团块及下肢静脉血淤滞均消失,色素沉着减轻,溃疡愈合,随访6~12个月无复发。与对照组相比,缝合创口平均减少4.8个,住院时间平均缩短6.8d,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:SEPS联合EVLT适于微创治疗下肢静脉曲张和交通静脉瓣膜功能不全者,患者创伤小,康复快。     

三种术式治疗大隐静脉曲张临床疗效对比分析

目的:观察和对比三种不同手术方法治疗大隐静脉曲张的疗效。方法:将近4年来收治的大隐静脉曲张患者156例(224条肢体),分为传统组(73条患肢),微创刨吸组(75条患肢),缝扎组(76条患肢),每组52例。比较3组单肢手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症的发生率、1年内复发率等指标。结果:微创刨吸组较传统组的单肢手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症发生率和1年内复发率均显著降低(P<0.05);缝扎组较传统组单肢手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均显著降低(P<0.05)。传统组与缝扎组1年内复发率无差别(P>0.05);1年内复发率微创刨吸组较缝扎组和传统组都低(P<0.05)。结论:微创刨吸术临床疗效最优,是治疗大隐静脉曲张的理想术式;大隐静脉高位结扎加缝扎术临床疗效优于传统剥脱术,适于基层医院推广。     

腔内激光结合高位结扎治疗大隐静脉曲张临床总结

目的 总结腔内激光结合高位结扎治疗大隐静脉曲张的经验及效果。方法 67例大隐静脉曲张患者（98条患肢）均采用腔内激光结合高位结扎治疗。结果 随访时间6－18个月，全部患肢曲张静脉消失，无复发，原有色素沉着减轻，溃疡愈合，无明显并发症。结论 腔内激光结合高位结扎治疗大隐静脉曲张安全、微创，恢复快，效果好。     

大隐静脉－股静脉转流治疗晚期髂股静脉栓塞

目的：报道１０例用大隐静脉－股静脉转流术治疗晚期髂股静脉栓塞的疗效。方法：从１９８５～１９９３年间，采用健侧大隐静脉与患侧股静脉吻合的新术式对１０例（其中男８例，女２例）晚期髂股静脉栓塞病例进行治疗。结果：显示术后第１日患肢明显消肿，术后７日肢体周径如同健侧。结论：该术式具有操作简便、疗效可靠等优点。     

Combined endovenous ablation and transilluminated powered phlebectomy: is less invasive better?

This study was undertaken to evaluate the evolution of operative vein approaches from combined "open" saphenous stripping-stab avulsion phlebectomy to combined "minimally invasive" endovenous ablation-transilluminated powered phlebectomy with a focus on comparing clinical outcomes. All patients undergoing a combined operative approach for concomitant saphenous vein insufficiency and associated varicose tributary veins between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2005 were identified. Patients were stratified by operative approach into 3 groups: combined saphenous vein stripping-stab avulsion phlebectomy (STRIP-PHLEB); combined saphenous vein stripping-transilluminated phlebectomy (STRIP-TPP); and combined endovenous ablation-transilluminated phlebectomy (EVAB-TPP). Clinical volume, indications, technical details, and complications were retrospectively reviewed. Over the 8-year period, there were 72 limbs in 59 patients treated with STRIP-PHLEB, 92 limbs in 81 patients with STRIP-TPP, and 99 limbs in 76 patients with EVAB-TPP, with a time-dependent transition in operative techniques noted. There was no difference in distribution of CEAP clinical classification between groups, overall with most limbs in the C2-C4 categories (93.1%) and fewer in the C5-C6 categories (6.9%). There was no difference in overall complication rates between STRIP-PHLEB and EVAB-TPP, although the distribution of complications did shift with a trend toward more wound problems noted in procedures involving saphenous stripping (STRIP-PHLEB 5.6%, STRIP-TPP 6.5%, EVAB-TPP 2.0%; P = NS), and more hematomas in procedures involving transilluminated powered phlebectomy (STRIP-PHLEB 5.6%, STRIP-TPP 16.3%, EVAB-TPP 6.9%; P < .05; see Table 2). Complications associated with the endovenous ablation portion were low including technical inability to cannulate 1.6%, saphenous re-cannulation 2.4%, hematoma 2.4%, severe phlebitis 3.1%, venous thromboembolism 0.8%, and no wound or thermal injury problems. With the shift of combined operative vein approaches for concomitant saphenous vein insufficiency and varicose tributary veins towards "minimally invasive" techniques the overall complication rate has remained unchanged. While combined endovenous ablation-transilluminated phlebectomy offers some advantage of "less" invasiveness, this perceived benefit should be balanced against unchanged overall risk over traditional operative approaches.     

Recurrent varicose veins following high ligation of long saphenous vein: a duplex ultrasound study

Duplex scanning was used to study recurrent varicose veins in 244 limbs with previous high ligation of the long saphenous vein. The recurrent varicose veins were classified into two types according to the presence or absence of a residual long saphenous vein. Varicose veins with a residual long saphenous vein (type I) occurred in 168 limbs (68.9%). A residual long saphenous vein with an incompetent saphenofemoral junction was present in 125 limbs and one without any residual saphenofemoral junction in 43 limbs. Besides the presence of an incompetent long saphenous vein in this group, an incompetent short saphenous vein was detected in 26 limbs, incompetent perforating vein(s) in 45 limbs and incompetent deep veins in 26 limbs. Varicose veins without a residual long saphenous vein (type II) occurred in 76 limbs (31.1%). An incompetent short saphenous vein was demonstrated in 44 limbs, incompetent perforating vein(s) in 18 limbs and incompetent deep veins in 32 limbs. Of the total 244 limbs with recurrent varicose veins, long saphenous vein incompetence was involved in 168 (68.9%), short saphenous vein incompetence in 70 (28.7%), perforating vein incompetence in 63 (25.8%) and deep venous incompetence in 58 (23.8%). Although saphenofemoral junction incompetence was found to be the main source of recurrence, a segment of incompetent residual long saphenous vein, an incompetent short saphenous vein, perforating vein and deep venous system incompetence are other common sources of recurrence. A precise assessment to identify underlying venous incompetence is important for the management of recurrent varicose veins.     

Venous ulceration and continuous flow in the long saphenous vein.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of continuous flow in the long saphenous vein in limbs with venous ulceration. DESIGN: Retrospective review. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Review of 1608 consecutive limbs undergoing colour duplex scanning for venous disease over a 43 month period. RESULTS: Continuous flow in the long saphenous vein is seen in 8% of limbs with venous ulceration and in 37% of limbs with deep venous obstruction. Sixty-six per cent of ulcerated limbs with continuous flow in the long saphenous vein had deep venous obstruction, 27% had deep venous reflux with cellulitis and 7% had lymphoedema in addition to venous ulceration. CONCLUSION: Continuous flow in the long saphenous vein in patients with venous ulceration should alert the clinician to the possibility of deep venous obstruction. Such limbs should be treated by compression bandaging with extreme caution.     

Selective stripping operation based on Doppler ultrasonic findings for primary varicose veins of the lower extremities

In 337 limbs (208 patients) with primary varicose veins, Doppler ultrasound was used to detect reverse flow in the saphenous veins caused by manual compression of the calf. According to the extent of reverse flow in the saphenous trunks, varicosities of the long saphenous vein were classified into five types and the short saphenous vein, into four types. Two hundred five (66.3%) of 309 limbs with varicosities of the long saphenous vein had reverse flow in the entire saphenous trunk from the groin to the ankle. In varicosities of the short saphenous vein, 37 (52.9%) of 70 limbs showed reverse flow from the popliteal fossa to the ankle. The other limbs demonstrated reverse flow only in some segments of the saphenous veins. On the basis of these Doppler ultrasonic findings, selective stripping operations were performed on 80 limbs, in which only the segments with venous reverse flow were selectively removed. Postoperative plethysmographic measurement of the venous reflux volume and follow-up studies showed that results of the selective stripping operations were as satisfactory as those of the standard stripping operations (189 limbs) in which the entire saphenous vein was removed. Furthermore, the selective stripping operation was advantageous in reducing the incidence of nerve injury.     

股腘动脉闭塞症的手术治疗

目的 探讨股腘动脉旁路移植术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(C、D级病变)的近中期疗效.方法 2005年1月至2009年2月,170例患者(191条肢体)行股动脉以远血管重建术.其中男性108例,女性62例;年龄45～85岁,平均67岁.症状包括间歇性跛行78例,静息痛62例,下肢缺血性溃疡19例,远端组织坏死11例.所有患者术前均行动脉造影检查,根据TASC Ⅱ分级:C级病变127条肢体,D级病变64条肢体.手术方法包括大隐静脉原位旁路移植术15条肢体,大隐静脉转位20条肢体,人工血管旁路移植术128条肢体,大隐静脉与人工血管组合旁路移植术28条肢体.结果 围手术期无死亡病例.术后随访6～36个月,平均(24±6)个月;76例失访,随访率57%(109/191).一期通畅率84.4%(92/109),其中人工血管旁路移植通畅率88.2%(75/85),大隐静脉(原位、转位、组合)旁路移植通畅率70.8%(17/24).二期通畅率89.9%(98/109).结论 人工血管旁路移植术是治疗严重股腘动脉闭塞症(TASC C和D级病变)的主要方法,手术疗效满意.     

下肢静脉曲张疾病腔内激光治疗并发症的防治

目的：探讨激光治疗下肢静脉曲张疾病的并发症原因及防治方法。方法：回顾性分析420例（525条肢体）下肢大隐静脉曲张患者的临床资料。其中单纯性大隐静脉曲张324例(422条肢体)，下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全96例(103条肢体)。采用单纯激光治疗263条肢体，激光加小切口静脉团点状剥脱159条肢体，激光治疗联合股浅静脉戴戒术25条肢体和激光加小切口静脉团点状剥脱联合股浅静脉戴戒术78条肢体。 结果：有331条肢体（占63.1%）术后出现与激光治疗有关的并发症，其包括：皮下淤斑268条肢体（占51.1%）, 隐神经损伤198条（占37.7%），腿部皮下血栓性静脉炎33条（占6.3%），小腿轻度皮肤灼伤26条（占5.0%）。全组无切口感染发生，无术后深静脉血栓形成的病例。术后380例(90.5%)获随访3~40个月，单纯性大隐静脉曲张者术后有27条肢体复发（复发率6.4%），下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全者术后有8条肢体复发（复发率7.8%）。结论：在应用激光治疗下肢静脉曲张疾病过程中应重视对其并发症的预防和治疗，以充分体现激光治疗安全和微创的特点。     

Surgical Correction of Main Stem Reflux in the Superficial Venous System: Does It Improve the Blood Flow of Incompetent Perforating Veins?

Fifty-seven limbs (33 patients) with chronic venous ulceration were selected for this study. The criterion for selection was the presence of isolated superficial venous reflux. Long saphenous vein reflux alone was observed in 39 (68.4%) limbs, short saphenous vein reflux alone in 4 (7.0%) limbs, and both long and short saphenous vein reflux in 14 (24.6%) limbs. Surgical correction of the refluxing saphenous system has allowed 46 (80.7%) ulcers to heal. The healing rates for all the ulcerated legs that had long saphenous vein reflux, short saphenous vein reflux, or a combination of the two were 85.4%, 75.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. Incompetent perforating veins (IPVs) were observed in 51 (89.5%) limbs; 74.5% of them regained their competence postoperatively (189 preoperatively vs. 59 postoperatively; p < 0.001), with a significant reduction in their mean diameter (p < 0.001). IPVs remained in 13 (25.5%) limbs: 3 limbs with persistent reflux in the tributaries of the saphenous system, 1 limb with a fixed ankle joint, and nine limbs with no evidence of macrovascular venous disease. In patients with a competent deep venous system, reflux in perforating veins is often abolished after eradication of saphenous reflux.     

一期大隐静脉动脉化治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎

目的：通过一期大隐静脉动脉化治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎。方法：通过利用自体头静脉在患肢大隐静脉与患肢股动脉或髂外动脉之间搭桥，为６６例９１侧下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者实施手术。结果：术后下肢缺血性疼痛消失，皮温皮色恢复正常，足趾及跖部创面愈合，多普勒超声探测及动脉造影提示患足血供良好。结论：本术式不影响静脉血回流，简易、经济，效果良好，使用头静脉搭桥可使本术式应用范围更广。     

腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张106例报告

目的 探讨腔内激光治疗（endovenous laser treatment, EVLT）下肢静脉曲张疗效. 方法 2004年3月～2006年3月对106例118条下肢静脉曲张,单纯采用EVLT 72例78条患肢、EVLT联合大隐静脉高位结扎术19例21条患肢、EVLT联合点式切口剥脱严重曲张浅静脉15例19条患肢. 结果 7条患肢小腿皮肤轻度灼伤,10条患肢有明显血栓性浅静脉炎样表现,26条肢体沿大隐静脉行程皮下小片淤斑,5条患肢出现大腿内侧大片皮下淤斑.74例80条患肢随访3～12个月,平均6个月,1例隐神经损伤,1例术后1个月复发,余73例症状均消失,多普勒超声检查大隐静脉主干闭塞,无血管再通,深静脉无血栓形成. 结论 EVLT治疗下肢静脉曲张损伤小,术后恢复快,近期疗效满意.