颈髓肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨如何提高颈髓肿瘤的手术治疗效果。方法 显微手术切除71例颈髓肿瘤，其中髓内23例，髓外48例，根据其部位和病理类型采取不同入路和手术方法。结果 髓内肿瘤全切16例(69．6％)，髓外肿瘤全切44例(91．7％)。18例髓内肿瘤(78．3％)和43例髓外肿瘤(89．6％)术后脊髓功能改善或保持稳定。结论 对颈髓肿瘤应该积极采用显微神经外科手术治疗。应根据肿瘤位置、大小、范围和病理学类型选择手术入路和方法。     

颈髓肿瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨颈髓肿瘤的手术治疗问题。方法对１５６例颈髓肿瘤（髓内１００例，髓外５６例）行手术切除，根据肿瘤部位和类型，选择手术入路和处理方法。１１例使用运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）技术行术中运动功能监护。采用回顾性调查的方式，对治疗方法及手术疗效进行总结。结果１５６例颈髓肿瘤手术全切率８７２％（髓内８４０％，髓外９２８％），运动功能改善率８０８％（髓内７６０％，髓外８９３％）。结论颈髓肿瘤宜积极手术治疗。对不同部位和病理类型肿瘤的切除要遵循不同的原则和方法，术中运动诱发电位监护有助于提高手术效果     

脊髓肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的　探讨脊髓肿瘤的手术治疗效果。方法　回顾 3 8例脊髓肿瘤患者的诊断及显微手术切除方法。其中髓外 3 4例 ,髓内 4例。结果　肿瘤全切除 3 2例 (84 2 % ) ,次全切除 2例 ,大部分切除 4例 ,无手术死亡及严重致残 ,良性髓外及髓内肿瘤全切除后 ,多数患者脊髓功能在短期内即获改善 ,但是术前脊髓功能越差术后恢复越困难。结论　脊髓肿瘤应早期诊断并尽早手术治疗 ,术者娴熟的显微手术技巧可避免或减轻脊髓损伤。     

显微手术治疗颈髓髓内肿瘤

报道显微手术治疗５８例颈髓髓内肿瘤。获全肿瘤切除者５０例，占８６．２％；术后神经系统状态改善者４５例，占７７．６％。表明颈髓髓内肿瘤适宜作肿瘤全切除，手术时机选在患者处于中度神经系统障碍时为好；描述了不同种类肿瘤的手术方法，认为激光手术对脂肪瘤切除最有帮助。提出了术中注意事项和肿瘤全切除的判断标准；阐述了术前放疗的危害性；对治疗后脊髓变细也作了简要讨论。     

颈髓肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颈髓肿瘤的显微外科治疗方法. 方法 根据肿瘤的不同部位和病理类型,对36例肿瘤(髓内12例,髓外24例)选择不同的手术人路和方法.结果 髓内肿瘤12例中10例获得全切,7例术后神经功能明显改善或稳定.髓外肿瘤24例中22例获得全切,23例术后神经功能明显改善或稳定.结论 颈髓肿瘤应采用显微外科技术治疗,能有效的保护脊髓组织及神经,减少神经功能障碍的进一步加重,提高手术全切率,改善预后.手术入路的选择应根据肿瘤的部位、大小、发展方向和病理类型选择不同的手术入路.     

显微外科治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤(附16例报告)

目的 探讨应用显微神经外科技术切除脊髓髓内肿瘤的方法、技巧和临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院1998～2002年16例行显微神经外科手术的脊髓髓内肿瘤病例的临床资料。结果 62．5％全切除，31．2％部分切除，术后临手术症状改善率87．5％。结论对脊髓髓内肿瘤病人积极应用显微外科技术分块切除肿瘤，同时注意保护脊髓组织，可取得良好的疗效。     

延颈交界处肿瘤的临床特点及手术治疗(附39例报告)

目的探讨延颈交界处肿瘤的临床特点及手术治疗。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的延颈交界处肿瘤39例病人的临床资料，其中行经后正中入路手术35例，经远外侧入路4例。结果髓外肿瘤34例，以神经鞘瘤和脊膜瘤为主；髓内肿瘤5例。全切除33例，次全切除5例，部分切除1例。出院时好转及治愈34例，无变化3例，死亡2例。结论延颈交界处肿瘤以髓外良性肿瘤多见。根据病变特点选择合适的手术入路，尽量减少对延脊髓的牵拉，是提高疗效的关键。     

高颈髓髓内肿瘤显微外科治疗分析

目的 探讨显微神经外科手术治疗高颈髓髓内肿瘤的方法及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析我院显微外科手术切除15例高颈髓髓内肿瘤的临床资料.其中达到镜下全切除9例,次全切除3例,部分切除或活检3例.结果 术后病理显示:室管膜瘤8例,星形细胞瘤5例,血管母细胞瘤2例.平均随访25个月,症状好转13例,无变化1例,1例症状加重.结论 对脊髓髓内病变应早期诊断,显微手术治疗高颈髓髓内肿瘤可取得较好疗效.     

脊髓髓内肿瘤显微手术疗效的长期随访

目的：总结脊髓髓内肿瘤的手术经验，对手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤的价值及疗效进行评价。方法：对两个神经外科中心手术治疗的123例脊髓髓内肿瘤进行回顾性分析，对肿瘤部位、病理类型、手术切除程度、手术 前后临床症状与体征的变化，进行长期随访，以评估手术疗效。结果：本组室管膜瘤占脊髓髓内肿瘤的34．1％，手术全切除率为90．5％，次全切除率为7．1％，部分切除及活检率为2．4％；星形细胞瘤占26．8％，全切除率为30．3％，次全切除率为39．4％，部分切除及活检率为30．3％；脂肪瘤占14．6％，全切除率为11．1％，次全切除率为38．9％，部分切除或活检率为50．0％；血管网状细胞瘤占10．6％，全切除率为76．9％，次全切除率为23．1％；其它肿瘤占13．9％，全切除率为82．4％，次全切除率为11．7％，部分切除及活检占5．9％。94例经平均38．6个月长期随访，89例存活，5例死亡。结论：脊髓髓内肿瘤以良性及低恶性度肿瘤多见，早期手术预后较好，应力争在脊髓功能未出现严重损害前手术，以争取得到较好的手术疗效。     

显微手术治疗高颈髓肿瘤(53例报告)

本文报告53例高颈髓肿瘤,计髓外肿瘤31例,髓内肿瘤22例。总的肿瘤全切除率达88.7％,临床改善率为81.1％。无手术死亡病例。作者认为,临床诊断高颈髓肿瘤时,需与运动神经元疾病,多发性硬化,脑干脑炎和颈椎病等相鉴别;MR对确诊高颈髓肿瘤最有帮助。本文还分析了影响肿瘤切除程度的相关因素和描述了手术方法与注意事项,指出显微手术能提高肿瘤全切除率和术后疗效。     

伊文氏蓝染色对大鼠脑内肿瘤生物学标记方法的研究

目的研究在大鼠脑内肿瘤模型中生物学染色标记脑内肿瘤的方法。方法选择F344大鼠,移植体外培养的RG2胶质瘤细胞制作脑内肿瘤模型,移植18d后经大腿静脉注射伊文氏蓝(Evans blue,EB)染色肿瘤组织,探讨生物学染色对脑内肿瘤的标示作用和手术中对肿瘤和周围正常脑组织鉴别的意义。结果EB浓度在100mg/kg时,肿瘤组织染色成鲜明蓝色,同时大鼠的皮肤和所有器官都被染色成蓝色;当浓度低于10mg/kg时,仅染色肿瘤组织而皮肤和其他器官不被染色;肉眼可鉴别的最低静注浓度为1.25mg/kg。肿瘤组织的染色效果持续到静注后96h。血清中EB浓度在静注后3h内迅速减少,之后呈缓慢代谢过程,静注后24h减少到静注浓度的38%,静注后24h EB在血清和肿瘤组织中的浓度差达到最大值。染色后在手术显微镜下进行肿瘤切除手术操作较未染色对照组明显容易,手术后切片组织学观察肿瘤被完全切除。结论EB生物学染色标记脑内肿瘤效果可靠,手术中作为肿瘤的标示鉴别肿瘤和周围正常脑组织的界限有效。     

Primary lumbar epidermoid tumor mimicking schwannoma.

A case of a primary lumbar epidermoid tumor is described. Intraspinal epidermoid tumors are rare. The differential diagnosis on this case was a nerve sheath tumor, such as aschwannoma, as the tumor entered the dural sac and caused dural ectasia. The diagnostic pitfalls of this feature of the tumor are discussed.     

Meningioma in a 20-month-old boy

A 20-month-old boy presented with a intraparenchymal mass in the right frontoparietal area manifesting as complex partial seizure, secondary generalization and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain showed inhomogeneously enhancing mass in the right frontoparietal area which has irregular margin and perilesional edema. Based on the radiological findings, a preoperative diagnosis was an intraaxial tumor, such as pilocytic astrocytoma or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. The patient underwent a surgery including frontal craniotomy. The tumor had a partially extreme adherence to the surrounding brain tissue but it showed no dural attachment. Gross-total resection of the tumor was achieved. Postoperative follow-up computed tomography scans showed no residual tumor. The pathological findings confirmed the tumor as a WHO grade I meningioma, transitional type. Nine months after the surgery, follow-up brain MRI showed no recurrence of the tumor, porencephaly in site where the tumor was resected; the patient's symptoms had fully recovered. We report the case of a meningioma in a 20-month-old boy.     

反义IGF-IR基因片段对裸鼠胶质瘤形成的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-I受体(IGF—IR)的反义基因片段对裸鼠胶质瘤的形成及其病理的影响。方法 体外用反义IGF—IR基因片段孵育胶质瘤细胞，并接种裸鼠体内，了解其肿瘤形成能力及其肿瘤组织学和IGF—IR的表达：结果 野生型C6细胞和正义寡核苷酸孵育的C6细胞在BALB／c裸鼠体内形成肿瘤的潜伏期均为4d，而经反义寡核苷酸孵育的C6细胞在裸鼠体内形成肿瘤的潜伏期为11～12d，肿瘤形成的潜伏期明显延长，肿瘤的生长得到抑制。肿瘤形成7d时，研究发现正义核酸组与野生组肿瘤病理组织学是一致的，且IGF—IR均呈高表达，反义核酸组肿瘤细胞变得稀疏，而且可见部分肿瘤细胞核固缩，染色质凝聚边缘化，甚至有细胞出现核碎裂等凋亡征象，IGF—IR表达明显减少。而在肿瘤形成的25d时，反义核酸组胶质瘤的病理表现和IGF—IR蛋白的表达与对照组和正义核酸组无明显差异。结论反义IGF—IR基因片段能抑制裸鼠胶质瘤的形成能力，但逃脱反义IGF—IR基因片段封闭的肿瘤细胞经过体内的增殖可形成肿瘤。     

恶性脑膜瘤临床,影像与病理特征

目的 探讨恶性脑膜瘤的临床影像与病理特征。方法 复习１９７９￣１９９９年经治的１０例恶性脑膜瘤,应临床表现、影像、肿瘤类型病理检查、复发、放射治疗及随访进行研究。结果 全组病例均属恶性脑膜瘤,除一例存活外均已死亡。结论 ＣＴ对诊断恶性脑膜瘤有其临床意义。如肿瘤组织学表现有坏死、脑浸润、间变、有丝分裂增多、颅外转移、临床过程短暂或短期复发应归属恶性,特别是血管外皮细胞脑膜瘤应属高危性。     

Immune response to murine neuroblastoma: Effects of in vitro culture of the tumor

The humoral and cellular immune response of neuroblastoma (NB)-bearing mice has been investigated and shown to be dependent on the treatment of the NB tumor cells before implantation. Established lines and clones derived from the original tumor, as well as C1300 cells passaged in vitro, provoke an immune reaction which differs markedly from the one induced by the original C1300 tumor. Indeed, only the latter induces the formation of high amounts of circulating immune complexes (CIC), is able to trigger peritoneal macrophages in the host and to induce suppression, as shown in mixed lymphocyte cultures. After subculture of the tumor cells in vitro, none of these effects were observed. The pattern of immune response produced by tumor cells grown in vitro can be converted into the original type of response by repeated passaging of the tumor cells in vivo.     

以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤病人术后癫癎预后分析

目的探讨影响以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤癫癎预后的因素。方法回顾性分析以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤病例,经手术切除肿瘤1年后的癫癎症状改善情况,本组研究数据应用SPSS17．0统计软件进行卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果术后癫癎预后为改良Engel I级102例（67．5％）,Ⅱ级以上49例（32．5％）。卡方检验显示：术前病人有语言障碍（P=0．038）、术前肿瘤累及岛叶（P=0．010）、肿瘤未全切除（P=0．001）对术后癫癎预后差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析：术前病人有语言障碍（P=0．022）、术前肿瘤累及岛叶（P=0．007）及肿瘤未全切除（P=0．002）均为影响术后癫癎发作的独立危险因素。结论术前病人有语言障碍、术前肿瘤累及岛叶及肿瘤未全切除是影响以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤病人术后癫癎预后的独立危险因素。     

Effect of nerve growth factor on C-1300 murine neuroblastoma tumor growth and catecholamine content in neonatally sympathectomized mice

The in situ C-1300 murine neuroblastoma (MNB) tumor model was used to investigate the influence of exogenously administered nerve growth factor (NGF) on tumor growth and tissue catecholamine concentration in mice sympathectomized with 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) on postnatal days 4-10. Mice were implanted with 1 x 10(6) disaggregated MNB cells 3 days after termination of 6-OHDA administration. NGF (12-15 micrograms/mouse/day) treatment was initiated at the time of MNB cell implantation and continued until sacrifice of the animal. The time interval between tumor cell implantation and detection of palpable tumor (tumor onset time), transverse tumor diameter, tumor weight, tumor weight to body weight ratio, and tumor catecholamine concentration were determined. Neonatal sympathectomy caused a decrease in myocardial norepinephrine concentration of 88% compared with vehicle-treated animals as well as a significant reduction in total body and organ weight. Average body, brain, heart, and spleen weights were decreased 31%, 16%, 25%, and 42%, respectively, below control values. The daily injection of NGF, from the time of MNB tumor implantation to sacrifice, did not prevent these effects of chemical sympathectomy from being expressed. Tumor onset time following implantation of MNB cells was significantly increased in neonatally sympathectomized mice and was not altered by treatment with NGF. In contrast, the decrease in MNB tumor growth rate observed in sympathectomized mice was reversed by administration of NGF. Mean tumor weight and mean tumor to body weight ratio were 89% and 115% of comparable control values, respectively, in sympathectomized mice receiving exogenous NGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Epithelial properties of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas determined in ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies

Summary Three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), one of which showed anaplastic evolution, are described. In all three the PXA tumors were well circumscribed and could be totally removed. Light-microscopically, pleomorphic tumor cells clustered gregariously and often formed alveolar structures. Electron microscopy revealed various epithelial properties, such as junctions and interdigitations between apposing tumor cells, and prominent basal laminae surrounding tumor nests. The circumscribed growth of PXA, as contrasted with an infiltrative growth of usual astrocytoma, can be attributed to the cellular cohesion based on the epithelial properties of the tumor cells. In the third patient, tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. Although the recurrent tumor retained the alveolar structures, pleomorphism and various degenerative features of the tumor cells diminished with advance in the proliferative activities.Supported in part by grant in aid 60480328 from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Japan     

Concurrent spinal nerve root schwannoma and meningioma mimicking single‐component schwannoma

We present a first case of concurrent tumors consisting of schwannoma and meningioma arising at the same spinal level in a patient without neurofibromatosis. A 49‐year‐old man without clinical evidence of neurofibromatosis presented with a 5‐month history of right neck pain. MRI demonstrated an extradural tumor involving the right‐sided C2 nerve root with a small intradural component. T1‐ and T2‐weighted and contrast‐enhanced MRI could not differentiate the intradural tumor as different from the extradural tumor. Total removal of the tumors was performed. No contiguity of the extradural tumor with the intradural tumor was seen. The intradural tumor attached strongly to the dura mater around the C2 nerve root exits. Intraoperative pathological diagnosis confirmed the extradural tumor as schwannoma and the intradural tumor as meningioma. We therefore thoroughly coagulated the dura mater adjacent to the intradural tumor and resected the dura mater around the nerve root exits together with the tumor. Pathological examination revealed that the resection edge of the extradural component consisted of a spinal nerve with thickened epineurium and was free of neoplastic cells. No schwannoma component was evident in the intradural tumor. No obvious transition thus existed between the extra‐ and intradural tumors. Distinguishing these tumors prior to surgery is critical for determining an optimal surgical plan, as schwannoma and meningioma require different surgical procedures. We therefore recommend a careful review of preoperative imaging with the possibility of concurrent tumors in mind.