复方广东土牛膝含片制备工艺及质量控制研究

目的:建立复方广东土牛膝含片的制备工艺及其质量控制方法.方法:以口感为考察指标,对辅料进行筛选.采用薄层色谱法对复方广东土牛膝含片中的广东土牛膝、水杨梅、岗梅和野菊花进行定性鉴别.结果:乙醇沉淀法提取有效成分,按淀粉-糊精-蔗糖(1:1:2)配比,过14日筛,80℃条件下干燥制成颗粒,压片.复方广东土牛膝含片中的广东土牛膝、岗梅、水杨梅、野菊花和对照药材薄层色谱主斑点位置一致,且定性鉴别斑点圆整、分离度好、易于区别.结论:该制备工艺稳定可行.所建立的方法简便、灵敏、准确、专属性强,可作为复方广东土牛膝含片的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定广东土牛膝中腺苷的含量

目的 测定广东土牛膝中腺苷的含量.方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:DiamonsilTM C18柱,流动相:甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液(体积比12:88),流速:1. 0 mL·min-1 ,检测波长260 nm,柱温30 ℃.结果 腺苷的平均回收率为99.5%,RSD值为1.69%;方法 精密度试验RSD值为1.15%(n=6).结论 该法可用于广东土牛膝中腺苷的含量测定.     

牛膝微波提取工艺的研究

目的研究牛膝中有效成分的微波提取工艺。方法以蜕皮甾酮为指标成分,采用正交设计方法,筛选微波提取牛膝中有效成分的最佳工艺条件。结果优选出的最佳工艺条件为:60目牛膝细粉,微波功率250 W,16倍量水,提取2次,每次15 min。结论微波提取技术能够快速高效地提取牛膝中的蜕皮甾酮。     

正交试验法优选牛膝的提取工艺

目的优选牛膝的最佳提取工艺。方法以牛膝总皂苷含量为评价指标,采用正交试验法筛选牛膝的最佳工艺条件。结果牛膝的最佳提取工艺条件为药材10倍量80％的乙醇,提取3次,每次1h。结论优化的提取工艺科学、合理,可以作为牛膝的最佳提取工艺方法。     

复方土金颗粒中甘草酸提取工艺研究

目的:优选复方土金颗粒中甘草酸提取工艺的最佳工艺。方法:通过正交设计试验,设定对水浸出物得率,甘草酸含量影响较大的3因素即煎煮次数、时间、加水量,各因素设定3水平,研究甘草酸提取的最佳工艺。结果:复方土金颗粒中甘草酸最佳工艺条件为:加水量为总药材的10倍,煎煮3次,每次1h。结论:此条件得率高,稳定性好,适合于复方土金颗粒的生产。     

复方沙棘油凝胶剂中紫草的提取工艺研究

目的:优选复方沙棘油凝胶剂中紫草的提取工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交实验设计,以料液比、提取时间、提取次数为因素进行考察,以出膏率和左旋紫草素有效成分含量为评价指标,优选出复方沙棘油凝胶剂中紫草的提取工艺。结果:复方沙棘油凝胶剂中紫草最佳提取工艺为95%的乙醇,料液比1:10,提取时间1.5小时,提取次数2次提取的有效成分最高。结论:验证试验表明,复方沙棘油凝胶剂的紫草优选出的工艺合理、可行。     

复方决明子口服液的制备工艺研究

目的 :用正交法优选复方决明子口服液的最佳工艺条件。方法 :以决明子中蒽醌的含量及浸出物的含量为指标 ,应用L9(3′)正交试验法优选复方决明子口服液的最佳工艺条件。结果 :最佳提取条件为 :加 1 0倍量水 ,煎煮 3次 ,每次 1 .5h。结论 :优越工艺验证表明 ,最佳提取工艺为A1 B2 C1 。说明优选工艺稳定可靠。     

蓝刺头喷雾剂的提取工艺设计

目的筛选出对于蓝刺头喷雾剂的一种较好的提取工艺,找出如何对于蓝刺头喷雾剂的提取工艺设计方法。方法使用正交设计的相关方法对于蓝刺头总黄酮的提取工艺相关条件进行了相应的优化。结果在本次研究中,通过自行设计的蓝刺头总黄酮的提取工艺能够较好的对于蓝刺头喷雾剂进行有效成分的提取,同时这种工艺的效果及时有效,切实可靠。结论在临床对于蓝刺头喷雾剂进行提取的过程中,使用自行设计的提取方法能够更加有效的进行提取,在临床上值得推广应用。     

中药复方降脂颗粒提取工艺条件优选实验

目的:优化中药复方降脂颗粒的提取工艺条件。方法:采用正交试验探讨乙醇浓度、加醇量、回流次数、提取时间等因素对中药复方降脂颗粒提取工艺中药物有效成分总黄酮的影响。结果:优选出乙醇回流提取最佳工艺条件为用20倍量70%乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1.5 h。平均得膏率为12.5%,总黄酮含量为4.49%。结论:经工艺验证证明该工艺稳定可行。     

活络效灵丹中四种有效成分提取工艺研究

目的：以阿魏酸、藁本内酯、丹酚酸B及丹参酮ⅡA四种有效成分为指标,优选活络效灵丹的提取工艺。方法：采用高效液相法测定当归中阿魏酸、藁本内酯及丹参中丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA的含量,用正交试验方法综合评分优选复方提取工艺条件。结果：建立了同时测定当归中的两种有效成分阿魏酸、藁本内酯的方法,以及同时测定丹参中的两种有效成分丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA的方法。经正交试验方法综合评分优选出最佳提取工艺为加8倍量、50%乙醇、提取时间0.5 h、提取3次。结论：正交试验优选出的最佳提取工艺为加8倍量50%乙醇、提取时间0.5 h、提取3次,按上述工艺将当归及丹参合并提取,该工艺简便易行,重现性好,四种有效成分的提取率均达到80%以上。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.