四种络合剂对241Am促排效果的比较

应用200只天鼠研究了²⁴¹Am内污染时四种络合剂(Ca-DTPA, Zn-DTPA,嗤胺酸钠盐和H-73-IO)钓促排效果.实验目的是为²⁴¹Am内污染治疗确定首先促排药物及制定最佳促排方案.实验结果表明:在四种结合剂中Ca-DTPA和Zn-DTPA促排效果为最佳,能使骨²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的10%,肝²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的5%左右.喹胺酸钠盐在降低骨、肝²⁴¹Am含量方面也有效(统计上与DTPA无显著差别),但能导致肾脏²⁴¹Am蓄积,甚至略高于对照组.H-73-10虽有-些效果,但远不及DTPA.     

深圳特区土壤和建筑材料中的放射性水平

应用200只天鼠研究了²⁴¹Am内污染时四种络合剂(Ca-DTPA, Zn-DTPA,嗤胺酸钠盐和H-73-IO)钓促排效果.实验目的是为²⁴¹Am内污染治疗确定首先促排药物及制定最佳促排方案.实验结果表明:在四种结合剂中Ca-DTPA和Zn-DTPA促排效果为最佳,能使骨²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的10%,肝²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的5%左右.喹胺酸钠盐在降低骨、肝²⁴¹Am含量方面也有效(统计上与DTPA无显著差别),但能导致肾脏²⁴¹Am蓄积,甚至略高于对照组.H-73-10虽有-些效果,但远不及DTPA.     

京津冀接壤区域土壤中238U放射性空间分布研究

目的 调查京津冀接壤区域土壤中²³⁸U的放射性水平,绘制²³⁸U活度浓度空间分布精细图。方法 以10 km×10 km网格法采集京津冀接壤区域土壤样品,用HPGe γ能谱仪测量土壤样品中²³⁸U的活度浓度,借助MAPGIS软件绘制京津冀接壤区域表层土壤中²³⁸U的活度浓度分布图。结果 共采集和测量了416份土壤样品,²³⁸U的活度浓度范围为0.1~106.0 Bq/kg,平均值为34.7 Bq/kg,²³⁸U活度浓度分布图显示京津冀接壤区域表层土壤大部分地区²³⁸U活度浓度在15~55 Bq/kg之间。结论 绘制京津冀接壤区域²³⁸U的放射性空间分布,以图形显示²³⁸U活度浓度分布,对该区域环境放射性评价以及放射性物质转移研究等具有重要意义。     

宁夏土壤中238U、232Th、226Ra、40K和137Cs浓度及其γ辐射剂量的估算

1984～1985年,我们对全自治区土壤中的放射性核素水平进行了调查,在全区选取有代表性的土壤样品44份,用NaI(T1)γ谱仪分别测定了土壤中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K、¹³⁷Cs含量,其算术平均值(Bq·kg^-1)²³⁸U为31.13,²³²Th43.30,²²⁶Ra30.14,⁴⁰K534.13,¹³⁷Cs7.10.根据这些值估算得地而一米处空气吸收剂量率为6.47x10^-8Gy·h^-1,年有效剂量当量为5.21X10^-4Sv.     

黑龙江省土壤中238U、226Ra、232Th、40K和137Cs含量的研究

用Ge(Li)γ谱仪分析了黑龙江省的60个土壤样品中的²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs含量,其均值分别为:32.3、32.6、46.9、638.5及13.8Bq·kg^-1.鸡东县哈达大队土壤的²³²Th高达699Bq·kg^-1,是全省²³²Th均值的14倍.根据土壤中²³⁸U、²³²Th和⁴⁰K含量计算出的地表1米处γ辐射空气吸收剂量率(×10^-8Gy·h^-1)全省均值为7.1、人口加权均值7.3、面积加权均值为7.3.与用FD-71微伦仪调查的地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率(7.0)、TLD累积照射量空气吸收剂量率的调查结果(7.1)相符合.     

125I 131I 132I在大鼠甲状腺内的代谢参数及累积吸收剂量

本文报道¹²⁵I、¹³¹I、¹³²I在大鼠甲状腺内的代谢参数并计算了甲状腺对上述3种同性豢的最大吸收率,有效半减期和累积吸收剂量及其它有关的参数。在大鼠腹腔内分别注入¹²⁵I(NaI)溶液8.08μCi,¹³¹I溶液0.99μCi,¹³²I溶液12.2μCi,然后测得甲状腺的吸碘率分别为33%,17%和12%,最后计算得出犬鼠甲状腺的累积吸收剂量分别为7.94,3.09和2.58Gy,每注入1μCi的放射性碘同位索,大鼠甲状腺的平均吸收剂量分别为0.98、3.12和0.2lGy.     

238Puα粒子辐射体体外诱发大鼠肺成纤维细胞恶性转化

本文报告了²³⁸Puα粒子辐射体体外诱发成年Wistar大鼠肺成纤维细胞(WAL-F₁)转化的特征.初步结果表明,在0.01～1.0Gy剂量范围内,细胞的剂量-存活曲线符合单次击中单靶模型:S=e^-D/Do,Do=0.172Gy,没有肩峰剂量(D_q).高LETa粒子(5.25MeV)辐射后早期(第2代)细胞增殖能力明显受抑制,传至第11代后,增殖能力增强,并观察到细胞形态学和生物学的某些转化特征.转化后的细胞经免疫抑制的同种动物体内接种可形成肿瘤.²³⁸Puα粒子与X射线比较,以Do值为生物学终点,α粒子的相对生物效应(RBE)约1l～13.     

239PuO2在大鼠呼吸道中的沉积与廓清规律的观察

为了阐明PuO₂在大鼠呼吸道中沉积与廓清规律,提出肺及肺门淋巴结(TLN)剂量计算公式,供有关的剂量一效应研究参考。使160只大鼠吸入²³⁹PuO₂气溶胶(AMAD:1.4μm:og=1.8),然后于378天内分期分批活杀,测定肺、TLN、股骨的²³⁹Pu量。结果表明,PuO₂在大鼠肺泡中：的初始沉积率为24.9±7.2%.肺中PuO₂2的廓清规律呈二项指数函数,其80%和20%分别以122.7和373天的有效半排期廓清。随着肺中钚含量的不断减少,TLN中钚的蓄积量不断增加,两者呈一定的函数关系。从而推导出肺和TLN剂量计算公式。骨中含钚量很少。本文还斌肺中PuO₂向TLN转移的问雹进行了讨论。     

ICP-MS法分析尿中总铀和235U/238U比值及其不确定度评价

目的 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）快速测量尿中总铀含量和²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值的方法,并进行不确定度评价。方法 尿样经浓HNO₃和H₂O₂处理后,一部分定容直接进入ICP-MS测定总铀含量;一部分经磷酸三丁酯（TBP）萃淋树脂分离富集铀,采用ICP-MS测定其中²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值。以人尿样为例,通过样品前处理、测量、标准曲线计算,建立数学模型分析总铀及²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值的不确定度来源,进行不确定度合成。结果 该方法分析尿中总铀加标回收率为98.4%~102.4%,方法检出限为0.002 μg/L。经过不确定度评价,尿样中总铀含量的相对扩展不确定度为 0.26（k=2）;²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值的相对扩展不确定度为0.001 1（k=2）。结论 该方法加标回收率高,检出限低,精密度较好,能够实现尿中总铀的定量和²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值的快速分析,适用于放射职业照射或核应急的公众照射中尿铀及²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值的分析;尿中总铀及²³⁵U/²³⁸U比值不确定度评定结果准确可靠。     

239pu在土壤中的转移模式

本文根据实测资科提出了一个描述沉降到地面上的²³⁹Pu在未扰动土壤中向垂直和水平方向转移的模式。该模式可以预测²³⁹Pu在表层和不同深度土壤层中的分布状态及²³⁹Pu在土壤中沉积总量随时间的变化。这些资料对估算²³⁹Pu由于雨水冲刷、风化所致的向河流等表面水体的转移是重要的,对估计²³⁹Pu的长远影响有一定参考意义。该模式是基于一个特定地点的土壤样芯样品的实测数据,将模式直接应用于具有不同土壤成分和降水量的其他未扰动土壤时应该谨慎。本模式的计算机程序是用Fortran语言编写的,可在PDPF-11/34等机上运行。     

Uptake of hexakis(t-butylisonitrile) technetium (I) and hexakis(isopropylisonitrile) technetium (I) by neonatal rat myocytes and human erythrocytes

The uptake mechanism of two potential cardiac imaging agents [99mTc]hexakis(t-butylisonitrile) technetium (I) (TBI) and [99mTc]hexakis(isopropylisonitrile) technetium (I) (IPI) has been studied using neonatal rat myocytes and human erythrocytes. Uptake of these complexes was rapid, of greater magnitude than seen previously for 42K, and was unaffected by either 0.15 mM ouabain or 10 mM KCI. Both [99mTc]isonitrile complexes had a high affinity for the membranes of the myocytes and erythrocytes. The data suggest that the uptake is not dependent on the membrane Na+/K+ ATPase but may be related to the lipophilicity of these agents as evidenced by the rapidity, tenacity, and quantity of the binding observed.     

Excitation functions of (alpha,xn) reactions on (nat)Rb and (nat)Sr from threshold up to 26 MeV: possibility of production of (87)Y, (88)Y and (89)Zr.

Excitation functions were measured by the stacked-foil technique for (nat)Rb(alpha,xn)(87m,87m+g,88)Y and (nat)Sr(alpha,xn)(86,88,89)Zr reactions from their respective thresholds up to 26 MeV. The samples for irradiation were prepared by sedimentation and pellet pressing techniques. The measured data were compared with those available in the literature. From the excitation functions, integral yields of the products were calculated. The suitable energy ranges for the production of (87)Y and (88)Y via (nat)Rb(alpha,xn) processes and of (89)Zr via the (nat)Sr(alpha,xn) process are E(alpha)=26-->20 MeV, E(alpha)=26-->5 MeV and E(alpha)=20-->8.5 MeV, respectively. The respective yields amount to 8.2, 0.08 and 0.9 MBq/microA h. Production of (88)Y is feasible if a waiting time of about 2 months is allowed to let the impurities decay out. Also, (87)Y can be produced with a relatively low impurity of (88)Y. The yields of both (88)Y and (87)Y via the present routes are, however, appreciably lower than those via the (nat)Sr(p,xn) processes. There is a possibility to produce (89)Zr via the alpha-particle irradiation of (nat)Sr. The yield is rather low but would be considerably increased if enriched (86)Sr would be used as target material. The radionuclidic impurity levels in all the three products are discussed.     

Simultaneous analysis of six novel hallucinogenic (tetrahydrobenzodifuranyl)aminoalkanes (FLYs) and (benzodifuranyl)aminoalkanes (DragonFLYs) by GC-MS,LC-MS,and LC-MS-MS

Six novel hallucinogens classed as (tetrahydrobenzodifuranyl) aminoalkanes or (benzodifuranyl)aminoalkanes, which are known by the common names of “FLY” and “DragonFLY,” respectively, were synthesized. These compounds were simultaneously analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and LC-MS-MS. GCMS analysis of their free bases was not satisfactory for both mass spectral and chromatographic measurements, and thus trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatization was employed. However, it was found that the usual TFA derivatization procedure using trifluoroacetic anhydride caused dehydrogenation of FLYs to the corresponding DragonFLYs. Therefore, TFA derivatization of FLYs was reinvestigated; the presence of triethylamine could almost inhibit such dehydrogenation. LC separation of the analytes was successfully achieved by using a phenyl-type semimicro column with methanol gradient elution, while 1-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]difuran-4-yl)-2-methylaminopropane (N-methyl-DOB-FLY) and 1-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane (DOB-FLY) were not separated on an octadecylsilica (ODS)-type column. Specific product ion spectra for all compounds were also obtained using LC-MS-MS, which enabled sensitive and reliable identification.     

Synthesis and characterization of (99m)Tc- and (188)Re-complexes with a diamido-dihydroxymethylenephosphine-based bifunctional chelating agent (N(2)P(2)-BFCA).

A diamido-dihydroxymethylenephosphine (N(2)P(2)) bifunction chelating agent (BFCA) was shown to form well-defined (99m)Tc- and (188)Re-chelate structures. The 4, 4-bis [bis-hydroxymethyl-phosphonyl-propylcarbonmoyl]-butyric acid bifunctional chelating agent (N(2)P(2)-BFCA) formed stable complexes with (99m)Tc and (188)Re in >95% yield with high radiochemical purity (RCP). The biodistribution of the (99m)Tc- and (188)Re-N(2)P(2)-BFCAs after intravenous injection studied in normal mice showed the activity was excreted primarily via renal-urinary pathway indicating their use for labeling peptides with (99m)Tc and (188)Re.     

刺五加香薷合剂药理作用的观察

在实验期分别为10～110天的动物(小白鼠和大白鼠)和人体实验中,观察到合剂具有如下作用:增强小鼠对低温和酒精的耐受力,改善阴虚和阳虚小鼠的免疫功能,减少老龄雄性大鼠大脑皮质中去甲肾上腺素的含量,抑制老龄大鼠肝和大脑皮质的脂质过氧化反应,调节老龄雌性大鼠和高脂血症者的血脂,特别是增加血清HDL-C 的含量。合剂的抗脂质过氧化作用是刺五加和香薷配伍后出现的作用。合剂的调整血脂作用主要和刺五加有关     

F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

This study was done to evaluate if the accuracy of FDG-PET concerning the differentiation of benign and malignant pancreatic masses differs for patients with and without elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Three hundred-four patients (165 neoplasms, 98 chronic pancreatitis, and 41 benign lesions) received FDG-PET of the abdomen prior to planned resective surgery. CRP was unknown, normal, and elevated with 211, 71, and 22 patients, respectively. For differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, specificity was 87% for patients with unknown or normal CRP, and it was 40% for patients with elevated CRP (P < 0.01). Thirty-five percent of those patients with both a positive PET and elevated CRP were false positive. On the contrary, sensitivity was slightly higher in the group with elevated CRP (92% vs. 80%, NS). FDG-PET is a sensitive and specific test for patients with normal CRP, however, FDG-PET may be false positive if CRP is elevated. Proper patient selection is therefore important. CRP or other parameters indicative of active inflammation appear useful adjuncts for the interpretation of increased FDG-accumulation.     

Synthesis and radiopharmaceutical preparation of (ethylenediamine) (1-carbon-11-malonate) platinum(II) for PET studies

Interest in the distribution, biotransformation, and mechanism of action of anticancer platinum complexes has led to the microscale, semi-automated and remote-controlled synthesis of (ethylenediamine) (1-[11C]malonate) platinum(II) [( 11C]Ptenmal, EDMAL, JM40) from cyclotron-produced [11C]cyanide. Carbon-11 cyanoacetate is produced by reacting [11C]cyanide with bromoacetate. After hydrolysis, the resulting [11C]malonic acid is purified and complexed to (diaquo) (ethylenediamine) platinum(II). Each step of the synthesis was optimized by studying the influence of different variables like reaction time and temperature, pH, necessary purification of intermediates, concentration and ratios of the reactants. Purification of the endproduct is achieved using preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The total incorporation of the [11C]cyanide in the final product was 17-40%. After approximately 1 hr, approximately 40 mCi of [11C]Ptenmal are produced in 10 ml sterile and isotonic dextrose solution ready for i.v. injection. The specific activity is approximately 200 mCi/mumol at EOB.     

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Determination of the oxidation state of Tc in 99Tc(Sn)EHDP, 99mTc(Sn)EHDP, 99Tc(Sn)MDP and 99mTc(Sn)MDP complexes. Characterization of Tc(III)-, Tc(IV)- and Tc(V)EHDP complexes

The oxidation state of complexed Tc was determined, by performing paper and thin-layer chromatography during potentiometric titrations. Both titrations of Sn(II) with TcO₄⁻ and of TcO₄⁻ with Sn(II) were performed at pH 2.5, 7.0 and 12.0. Differences were found in the number of electrons transferred to 1 mol of TcO₄⁻, n, in the titration solutions at the end point of a direct and a reversed titration. The oxidation state of Tc changes during a titration with the titration degree. It was possible to obtain almost pure Tc(III)-, Tc(IV)- and Tc(V)EHDP complexes, depending on the pH, titration mode and titration degree. These TcEHDP complexes were analyzed by u.v./vis spectrometry, anion-exchange HPLC on Aminex A-28, gel chromatography on Biogel P₄ and extraction with oxine in chloroform. The spectra of the pure Tc(III), Tc(IV) and Tc(V) species were calculated. Adsorption of these complexes on calcium phosphate increased in the order Tc(V) < Tc(IV) < Tc(III). From the chromatographic characterizations it was concluded that in the ^99mTc(Sn)EHDP bone scanning agent Tc is tetravalent. An analogous (though less elaborate) investigation was performed on the Tc(Sn)MDP complex.