WR-2721对不同比例中子与γ线混合照射小鼠的防护效果

小鼠经不同比例中子γ(中子约占90%、50%-15%)混合射线和⁶⁰Coγ线照射.照前15-20分钟腹腔注射WR-2721 10毫克.Wlt-2721对受照小鼠的肠型死亡和造血型死亡都有防护作用。     

低剂量辐射适应性反应对辐射诱发小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤的影响

目的 探讨低剂量辐射对致癌剂量辐射诱发小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤的影响及其免疫学机理。方法 采用4次1.75GyX射线全身照射C57BL/6J小鼠诱发胸腺淋巴瘤模型, 观察不同剂量照后6个月小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤发生率, 照后1个月脾脏NK细胞毒活性、IL-2和γIFN分泌活性、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及其TNFα分泌活性以及胸腺细胞分化的变化。结果 每次1.75Gy照射前6h或12h接受25mGy或75mGy全身照射均可降低胸腺淋巴瘤发生率, 且预先接受75mGy全身照射的作用效果更为明显; 每次1.75Gy照射前12h接受75mGy照射小鼠, 上述免疫指标均比单纯1.75Gy照射组增强, 且多数指标接近假照射组; 其胸腺CD4^-CD8^-和CD4^-CD8⁺细胞较单纯1.75Gy照射组减少、CD4⁺CD8⁺细胞增多。结论 低剂量辐射可诱导辐射诱发胸腺淋巴瘤适应性反应, 对致癌剂量辐射诱发小鼠胸腺淋巴瘤有抑制作用, 其抑制作用的免疫学机理可能与低剂量辐射的免疫增强效应及诱导的免疫学适应性反应, 减轻致癌剂量辐射对机体免疫功能的损伤, 使胸腺淋巴瘤前体细胞在形成胸腺淋巴瘤之前被免疫系统清除有关。     

5-烷基-1, 2-二硫环戊烷-3-羧酸及其衍生物的合成和辐射防护作用

本文道了5-烷基l, 2-二硫环戊烷-3-羧酸及其衍生物的台成和辐射防护作用。划接受900R⁶⁰Coγ线照射的小鼠照前10分钟或照后立即腹腔注射化台物4, 6、10、13、11或15可提高活存率40～50%.其中胺基脂类化合物10和12照后立即给药的效果优于照前给药。酰胺类化合物17不仅腹腔注射给药有效, 而且口服给药也可提高存活率80%.     

氮氧自由基化合物对60Co γ射线致BALB/c小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用

目的 观察氮氧自由基化合物NHCOCH3-TEMPO对雄性BALB/c小鼠电离辐射损伤的防护效果。方法 将120只雄性BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法分成4和7 Gy照射组,每组60只,每组再按随机数字表法分成6组,每组10只,分别为生理盐水对照组、生理盐水照射组、低剂量TEMPO照射组、中剂量TEMPO照射组、高剂量TEMPO照射组和阳性对照(WR-2721)组。⁶⁰Co γ射线照射前0.5 h动物腹腔注射防护药物,剂量分别为:WR-2721组200 mg/kg、低、中、高剂量TEMPO组分别为100、200和400 mg/kg、生理盐水对照组和生理盐水照射组给予等量生理盐水。4 Gy全身照射组用于观察小鼠照后8和15 d骨髓有核细胞数、骨髓DNA含量和外周血象的变化;7 Gy全身照射用于观察小鼠照后30 d生存率。结果 4 Gy照射后,TEMPO预处理组小鼠骨髓有核细胞计数、骨髓DNA含量较生理盐水照射组均明显增加(t=2.53~6.13,P<0.05);中剂量TEMPO预处理组小鼠外周血白细胞数较生理盐水照射组明显增加(t=4.34,P<0.05),但外周血红细胞数与生理盐水照射组相比,差异无统计学意义。7 Gy照射后,低剂量TEMPO预处理组小鼠30 d存活率较生理盐水照射组明显增加(χ²=5.934,P<0.05)。结论 氮氧自由基化合物NHCOCH3-TEMPO对雄性BALB/c小鼠γ射线辐射损伤有一定的防护作用。     

氚水诱发小鼠胎肝嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率变化的比较研究

本研究选用10～12周龄NIH小鼠, 妊娠10天对每天以恒定剂量分别接受氘永和⁶⁰Coγ射线照射, 连续照射3天。停照后12小时脱颈椎活杀孕鼠, 制备胎肝涂片, 计数嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核细胞率。     

60Coγ射线一次和分次照射的生物效应

小鼠受⁶⁰Coγ射线一次(12.90×10^-2C/kg)和分次(2.58×10^-2C/kg连续5天)照射, 停照曰2天两组股骨骨髓多能造血=干细胞CFU—S数明显低于正常对照组, 两分次照射明显高于一次照射组, 其恢复前者也较后者快, 分次照射组骨髓基质功能的损伤也轻于一次照射组；两组小肠粘膜上皮细胞与正常对照组照比无明显差异；孕鼠分次照射后出生3个月的兄性仔鼠的睾丸提伤从多以此照射组。     

尼尔雌醇照前多次给药对骨髓型急性放射病小鼠的防护作用及其机制研究

目的 了解抗放药尼尔雌醇照前不同给药方案对⁶⁰Co γ射线照射所致小鼠骨髓型急性放射病的防护效应的影响,并揭示其促造血恢复机制。方法 采用外周血象分析和存活率实验确定尼尔雌醇较优给药方案,再以骨髓造血干/祖细胞表面标志分析、多系骨髓细胞集落及骨髓HE病理切片等方法,分析尼尔雌醇照前2次间隔给药促进照后骨髓造血恢复的作用机制。结果 尼尔雌醇照前3次间隔给药与2次间隔给药均能提高9.0 Gy照射小鼠存活率至100%,明显优于1次给药(20%, χ²=21.66、21.66,P<0.05)。尼尔雌醇照前3次连续给药与2次间隔给药均能改善6.5 Gy照射小鼠外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板和红细胞的恢复(F=21.33、100.9、49.34、19.19, P<0.05),且比1次给药效果好(F=17.11、63.38、21.89、14.37, P<0.05)。尼尔雌醇2次间隔给药显著提高6.5 Gy照射后小鼠10 d骨髓造血干、祖细胞数(t=8.58、2.80, P<0.05);显著增强小鼠骨髓造血细胞集落形成能力,与1次给药相比,差异有统计学意义(t=4.29、6.34, P<0.05)。同时,2次间隔给药明显改善照射小鼠骨髓象的重建。结论 与传统的照前单次给药相比,尼尔雌醇照前多次给药可显著提升其对小鼠骨髓型急性放射病的辐射防护效果。考虑到核医学应急救援的实际情况,建议尼尔雌醇照前采用间隔1 d的给药方式,在减少尼尔雌醇给药次数情况下,以获得最佳的抗放效果。     

禁食对137Cs γ射线照射诱导小鼠肠道辐射损伤的代谢组学研究

目的 研究禁食对¹³⁷Cs γ射线照射诱导小鼠肠道辐射损伤的干预作用,通过非靶向代谢组学探究小鼠粪便代谢物的变化。方法 将小鼠分为健康对照组、γ射线照射（全身9 Gy或腹部15 Gy）组、禁食（24、48、72 h）+照射（全身9 Gy或腹部15 Gy）组。照射后,计算小鼠的生存率、脾脏指数和胸腺指数。非靶代谢实验测序分为4组,分别为健康对照组、禁食24 h组、腹部局部照射15 Gy组、禁食24 h组+腹部局部照射15 Gy组、每组6只。于照后3.5 d收集各组小鼠的粪便进行非靶向代谢组学检测。结果 9 Gy γ射线全身照射小鼠照射前禁食48和24 h,受照后的中位生存期提高了1和4 d;15 Gy腹部受照小鼠照射前禁食48和24 h的小鼠的存活率分别为16.67%和25%,照射前禁食24 h能够提高受照后3.5 d小鼠的体重（t=2.338,P=0.042）和脾脏指数（t=2.289,P=0.045）。非靶向代谢组学结果显示,禁食24 h和未禁食的受腹部局部照射小鼠粪便样本中有30个差异表达代谢物;代谢通路富集分析表明,类固醇激素生物合成的代谢途径存在着不平衡状态。结论 照射前禁食可以提高肠道辐射损伤小鼠的生存率,改变其肠道代谢产物,提示照射前禁食或短期内饮食营养变化参与调节肠道辐射损。     

长期低剂量率60Coγ线外照射对狗的生物效应及停照后恢复的动力学研究

本文研究了受1.78mGy/d和4.27mGy/d γ线连续照射三年(累积热量为1.314土0.78Gy和3.152±0.192Gy)的两组狗的生物效应,观察了停照后生物效应恢复的动力学规律。照射期间,受照狗的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增高而转化率降低,两者都与累积剂量呈明显的线性相关,受4.27mGy/d照射的狗睾丸有-定程度的损伤,但累积剂量达2.492Gy,精于计数为1×l0⁷/ml对仍有生殖能力。停照后的三年动态观察表明,受照狗在照射期间产生的生物效应或损伤是可逆的,经过不同时间可以恢复,停照后3～6个月恢复较明显,唯细胞免疫功能恢复较慢,2～3年才能完全恢复。     

红景天苷对急性辐射损伤小鼠骨髓脂肪细胞生成的影响

目的：探讨红景天苷抑制辐射诱导小鼠骨髓脂肪化、促进辐射后造血恢复的情况,并研究其可能的机制。方法：取6~7周龄健康BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法分为健康对照组、单纯照射组、药物干预组,每组各20只。辐射对照组和实验组均给予6.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射处理,实验组于辐射后12 h腹腔注射红景天苷（30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）至照后8 d,辐射对照组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。辐射后14 d观察小鼠的一般情况、体重变化、外周血象,并取股骨制作骨髓切片观察骨髓病理改变,测定脂肪细胞面积,分离骨髓单个核细胞后提取总RNA,荧光定量PCR（q-PCR）检测PPAR-γ和FABP4 mRNA的相对表达量。结果：单纯照射组小鼠在照射后均出现外周血白细胞降低、血小板减低,骨髓脂肪细胞过度增生,骨髓有核细胞减少等骨髓造血抑制改变。与单纯照射组小鼠比较,红景天苷能改善照射后小鼠一般情况,并通过抑制PPAR-γ、FABP4的表达（t=8.64、13.19,P<0.05）,抑制骨髓脂肪细胞的过度增生,减少脂肪空泡面积（t=13.31,P<0.05）;照后7 d,药物干预组小鼠外周血白细胞计数高于单纯照射组（t=5.80,P<0.05）;照后14 d,药物干预组小鼠外周血白细胞计数较单纯照射组及照后7 d药物干预组小鼠外周血白细胞计数均有增高（t=13.78、7.54,P<0.05）,同时血红蛋白较单纯照射组高（t=14.66,P<0.05）。结论：红景天苷能抑制急性辐射损伤小鼠骨髓脂肪细胞生成,调节骨髓微环境,从而促进辐射损伤后小鼠造血恢复。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.