甲2巨球蛋白抑制O2-自由基释放和组织蛋白酶D活力的探讨

⁶⁰Coy射线(5～20Gy)照射正常人新鲜全血,1小时后多形核白细胞(PMN)释放超氧化物阴离子自由基(O₂^-)增加,血浆组织蛋白酶D活力也增加,且两者呈正相关关系(r=0.72152P<0.01),照射前1小时给予人血甲₂巨球蛋白(a₂M)制剂,PMN释放O₂^-减少(与照射组比较)和血浆中组织蛋白酶D活力降低也呈正相关关系(r=0.7160, P<0.01).推测a₂M治疗辐射损伤有效可能弓抑制蛋白永解酶,消除过多的^-₂,中止蛋白酶与O₂^-之间的相互作用有关。     

羊胎盘免疫调节因子对 60Co γ射线致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞免疫功能的促进作用

目的 研究羊胎盘免疫调节因子对⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射所致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞功能的影响。方法 5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线一次性全身照射建立BALB/c小鼠免疫损伤动物模型,MTT法测定ConA 诱导的T淋巴细胞的增殖反应;直接免疫荧光抗体标记,FACS分析测定脾淋巴细胞CD₃、CD₄、CD₈阳性细胞百分率、胸腺淋巴细胞CD₄ CD₈亚群细胞数目;ELISA法检测血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平。结果 羊胎盘免疫调节因子显著促进ConA 诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖,提高⁶⁰Co γ射线所致免疫损伤小鼠CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺和CD₈⁺阳性细胞百分率及胸腺细胞CD₄⁺ CD₈^-和CD₄^- CD₈⁺单阳性亚群数目,减少胸腺细胞CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺双阳性亚群数目,促进小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ的生成水平。结论 羊胎盘免疫调节因子对⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射所致免疫损伤小鼠T细胞免疫功能具有促进作用。     

槲皮素对X射线照射后大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨槲皮素(QN)对6 Gy X射线照射后大鼠免疫功能及肝脏氧化应激反应的影响。 方法40只大鼠随机分成4组,每组10只,第1组连续7 d 腹腔内注射生理盐水(0.5 ml/150 g体重)作为对照组,第2组(QN组)连续7 d 用槲皮素(40 mg/kg体重)腹腔注射,第3组用单次6 Gy X射线照射,第4组(6 Gy+QN组)连续7 d 腹腔注射槲皮素(40 mg/kg体重),在最后一次注射后1 h,给予单次6 Gy X射线照射。照射后24 h,将大鼠麻醉后断头处死,取其脾脏用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测淋巴细胞转化率,流式细胞术检测CD⁺₄、CD⁺₈及CD⁺₄/CD^＋₈T淋巴细胞的变化,取肝脏检测氧化应激反应并观察一般状态变化。 结果经QN预先处理组的大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化率显著高于6 Gy照射组,CD^＋₄、CD⁺₈及CD^＋₄/CD⁺₈ T淋巴细胞百分率亦显著高于单纯照射组(F值分别为8.455、22.644和18.911, P<0.01),尤其以增加CD^＋₄T淋巴细胞百分率为显著。同时发现QN预先处理的照射组大鼠肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于照射组(F=10.059, P<0.01),抗氧化酶类超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和抗氧化物质GSH含量显著高于照射组(F值分别为23.688、186.046和19.788, P<0.01)。6 Gy照射组大鼠肝脏肝小叶中心静脉扩张,肝血窦明显充血,并有炎性细胞浸润,而经QN处理后的照射组大鼠肝脏,肝小叶中心静脉轻度扩张,肝血窦充血较6 Gy照射组明显减轻。结论槲皮素对X射线照射后大鼠免疫功能具有明显增强作用,并显著改善了照射大鼠肝脏的氧化应激损伤,对6 Gy照射大鼠起到了一定程度的保护作用。     

量化分析早期肺癌和寡转移癌立体定向消融放疗过程中瘤体变化规律

目的 精确测算肺肿瘤立体定向消融放疗(stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, SABR)过程中瘤体的变化规律,优化SABR计划。方法 2011年10月至2014年10月,采集在河南省肿瘤医院放疗科接受SABR的66例早期肺癌和寡转移癌患者(共71枚肿瘤)的定位CT和验证CT图像,以首次治疗前肿瘤体积为基线,分别测算分次间肿瘤体积变化,用广义估计方程分析瘤体变化趋势。等效生物剂量(BED)60 Gy时瘤体变化超过25%的患者修订放疗计划,比较原计划和修正计划危及器官的受照剂量。结果 49枚瘤体缩小,21枚增大,1枚无变化,治疗过程中肿瘤体积变化差异无统计学意义(P=0.281)。当接受照射的BED达60 Gy时,26枚肿瘤体积变化超过25%(21枚缩小,5枚增大)。比较其修正计划和原计划,体积缩小的21枚肿瘤的肺V₅、脊髓D_max和D_{1.2 cm³}、食管D_max和D_{5 cm³}、胸壁D_{30 cm³}差异均有统计学意义(t=3.139~11.939,P<0.05),体积增大的5枚肿瘤的肺V₅和V₂₀、脊髓D_max和D_{1.2 cm³}、食管D_max、胸壁D_{30 cm³}差异均有统计学意义(t=-10.436~-2.518,P<0.05)。结论 SABR过程中肺肿瘤体积变化较大时,及时修订靶区和治疗计划可能使患者受益。     

大鼠吸入239PuO2后的肺癌剂量效应关系

306只吸入²³⁰PuO₂气溶畦大鼠中,肺癌发生宰(Y,%)与肺累积平均吸收剂量(D,Gy)关系,符合于拟台方程Y=105exp[-3.57/(D+1.25)],由此方程推算出大鼠吸入。抽²³⁰PuO₂后肺癌终生危险度为2162／10⁶。吸入²³⁰PuO₂后死亡鼠肺癌累积发生率(F,％)与动物活存时问(T,天)及吸收剂量(D,Gy)三者的关系,可拟合为下列函数式：F=-1.35-0.069-1.58×10^-2D+(0.0236+2.18-10²D+1.68×10^-6D²)lnT 钚诱发肺癌的最短潜伏期为94天,11.3～17.6Gy可能是晟适致癌剂量。1只²³⁰PuO₂后37天死亡鼠,TLN发生原发性血管肉癌.     

吸入239PuO2对肺损伤效应的研究

本研究选用了806只Wistar大鼠(实验组584只,对照组222只)观察了吸入²³⁹PuO₂(初始肺负荷O.38～12.6kBq,AMADl.1～1.4μm,o_gl.9)后在呼吸道中的沉积与廓清规律,²³⁹PuO₂所致肺癌的量效关系及其组织学特征； 肺巨噬细胚(PAM).肺天然杀伤细胞(NK)及肺泡I型细胞(AT-I)在α粒子作用下功能与形状学改变。结果表明；大鼠终生肺癌的危险度岁,2162/10⁶火鼠·cGy,芏332例8种类型肺癌中以腺癌、鳞癌为主,同时观察到一例胸淋巴结的原发性血管肉瘤。PAM核受到1.0Gy照射后,细胞增殖功能受抑,非特异吞噬功能降低约需大于2.2Gy.在初始肺负荷量4.O～12.9kBq时,NK细胞对YAC-1肿瘤细胞的杀伤活力有下降趋势。通过微剂量学、体视学的研究,证实AT-I细胞可能是α粒子诱发肺癌的靶细胞之一,在初始肺负荷量为250～733Bq时,即可观察到细胞分化程度的下降。文中还对²³⁹PuO₂诱发人肺癌的危险度进行了讨论。     

238Puα粒子辐射体体外诱发大鼠肺成纤维细胞恶性转化

本文报告了²³⁸Puα粒子辐射体体外诱发成年Wistar大鼠肺成纤维细胞(WAL-F₁)转化的特征.初步结果表明,在0.01～1.0Gy剂量范围内,细胞的剂量-存活曲线符合单次击中单靶模型:S=e^-D/Do,Do=0.172Gy,没有肩峰剂量(D_q).高LETa粒子(5.25MeV)辐射后早期(第2代)细胞增殖能力明显受抑制,传至第11代后,增殖能力增强,并观察到细胞形态学和生物学的某些转化特征.转化后的细胞经免疫抑制的同种动物体内接种可形成肿瘤.²³⁸Puα粒子与X射线比较,以Do值为生物学终点,α粒子的相对生物效应(RBE)约1l～13.     

不同剂量照射对胸腺细胞四个亚组的影响

本实验采用双荧光流式细胞术研究了不同剂量x射线照射后24小时,昆明小鼠胸腺T细胞四个亚组的变化,结果表明：各亚组对辐射的敏感性有较大的差异。其辐射敏感性依次为CD₄⁺CD₈⁺CD₄^-CD₈^-CD₄^-CD₈⁺CD₄⁺CD₈^-,由于各亚组辐射敏感性的差异,导致了大剂量照射后各亚组之间比例的改变。     

239PuO2在大鼠呼吸道中的沉积与廓清规律的观察

为了阐明PuO₂在大鼠呼吸道中沉积与廓清规律,提出肺及肺门淋巴结(TLN)剂量计算公式,供有关的剂量一效应研究参考。使160只大鼠吸入²³⁹PuO₂气溶胶(AMAD:1.4μm:og=1.8),然后于378天内分期分批活杀,测定肺、TLN、股骨的²³⁹Pu量。结果表明,PuO₂在大鼠肺泡中：的初始沉积率为24.9±7.2%.肺中PuO₂2的廓清规律呈二项指数函数,其80%和20%分别以122.7和373天的有效半排期廓清。随着肺中钚含量的不断减少,TLN中钚的蓄积量不断增加,两者呈一定的函数关系。从而推导出肺和TLN剂量计算公式。骨中含钚量很少。本文还斌肺中PuO₂向TLN转移的问雹进行了讨论。     

1.5Gy X射线全身照射对小鼠胸腺细胞CD、CD4、CD8分子表达及

采用单克隆抗体免疫荧光技术,流式细胞术检测,观察了1.5GyX射线单次全身照射(剂量率0.286Gy/min)对小鼠胸腺细胞CD₃分子表达的影响,及胸腺细胞亚群和细胞周期的变化。结果表明,中等剂量照射后,胸腺细胞CD₃分子的百分率明显增高,胸腺细胞CD₃阳性细胞比例为对照组的177.61%.同时,胸腺中CD₄⁺及CD₈⁺细胞比例亦显着增加,分别为对照的202.5%及165.87%.然而,胸腺中CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺细胞的比例显着降低,为对照组的68.28%,与此同时,胸腺细胞周期中S期细胞比例明显降低,为对照组的55.14%.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。