Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in 23 adult patients with hematologic malignancies: a single-center experience

We describe a single-center experience of 23 consecutive patients (median age, 35 years) with hematologic malignancies who received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplants (alloPBSCTs) from HLA-identical siblings. Ten patients had standard-risk disease and 13 had high-risk disease. Twenty-one patients received alloPBSCT as a primary transplant, and the remaining 2, with high-risk disease, as a second transplant after posttransplantation relapse. All donors received daily subcutaneous injections of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor at a dose of 10 microg/kg, and peripheral blood stem cells were collected by 1 to 3 aphereses. Median numbers of CD34+ and CD3+ cells infused were 5.8 x 10(6)/kg (range, 1.3-19.7 x 10(6)/kg) and 4.9 x 10(8)/kg (range, 1.9-8.6 x 10(8)/kg), respectively. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporin A (CyA) and methotrexate (18 patients) or CyA and methylprednisolone (5 patients). Rapid hematologic engraftment was observed in 20 of the 23 patients. Median days to absolute neutrophil counts >0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelet counts >20 x 10(9)/L were 12 (range, 9-18 days) and 14 (range, 10-128 days), respectively. Acute GVHD of grade 2-4 was observed in 6 of 20 evaluable patients (30%) and extensive chronic GVHD in 8 of 15 evaluable patients (53%).Ten of the 23 patients (44%) were surviving in continuous complete remission 191 to 1492 days (median, 643 days) posttransplantation. Treatment-related death within 100 days posttransplantation was observed in 6 of the 23 patients (26%). Six of the 23 patients (26%) developed relapse at a median 81 days (range, 38-160 days) posttransplantation. Further study is needed to assess the precise benefits of alloPB-SCT compared with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病(附9例报告)

9例恶性血液病患者 ,采用异基因外周血干细胞移植 ( allo- HSCT)治疗 7例 ,外周血与骨髓干细胞混合移植 2例 ;供者均为人白细胞相关抗原 ( HL A)完全相合同胞兄妹。预处理方案用马利兰 ( BU)、环磷酰胺( CY) ,环孢霉素 A ( Cs A)联合短程甲氨蝶呤 ( MTX)预防移植物抗宿主病 ( GVHD)。结果 :患者治疗后均重建造血 ,中性粒细胞≥ 0 .5× 10 9/ L 的中位数为 14天 ,血小板≥ 2 0× 10 9/ L 的中位数为 16天。发生急性 GVHD5例 ,慢性 GVHD2例 ,肝静脉闭塞病 ( VOD) 1例 ,巨细胞病毒血症 9例。2例 ABO血型不合者移植后未发生溶血及纯红再障。1例耐药复发淋巴瘤 ,供、受者均为乙肝病毒携带者 ,移植后达完全缓解。中位随访时间 15个月 ,无病生存 8例。认为 allo- HSCT是治疗恶性血液病 (尤其是耐药复发者 )的有效方法 ,ABO血型不合及乙肝供者不是移植的障碍     

Allogeneic bone marrow vs. peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a long-term retrospective single-center analysis in 329 patients

Objectives: Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides a valuable and increasingly used alternative to bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This retrospective study aimed at determining whether the stem cell source is predictive for outcome, relapse incidence, non‐relapse mortality, and severity and incidence of both, acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Patients and methods: Between 1983 and 2007, 329 adult patients (median age 40, range 18–76) received a first allogeneic HSCT from either sibling (n = 203) or volunteer unrelated donors (n = 126) at our institution. The source of stem cells was bone marrow in 177 (54%) and peripheral blood in the remaining 152 (46%) patients. Results: Overall survival was 37% (31–43%, 95% confidence interval, CI), the relapse incidence was 30% (25–36%, 95% CI), and the non‐relapse mortality was 43% (38–49%, 95% CI) for the entire cohort with no significant differences between peripheral blood stem cell or BMT. In patients receiving myeloablative conditioning, peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) was associated with a significantly lower non‐relapse mortality (32% vs. 46%, P = 0.05), which, however, was restricted to standard‐risk disease (23% vs. 42%, P = 0.02). The overall cumulative incidences of acute GVHD II–IV were 51% and 54% following bone marrow and PBSCT, respectively. Severe acute GVHD III–IV was significantly more frequent after BMT (24% vs. 14%, P = 0.04), whereas chronic GVHD was significantly more frequent following PBSCT (48% vs. 24%, P = 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, PBSCT was only predictive for chronic GVHD (RR 2.29, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Although we failed to demonstrate any advantage of PBSCT over conventional BMT with regard to overall survival, relapse incidence and non‐relapse mortality PBSCT were associated with a significantly higher incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. Therefore, and by virtue of observations, that some patient groups might benefit from either stem cell source, there is still need for prospective randomized trials with special emphasize on quality of life in long‐term survivors.     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from two- or three-loci-mismatched related donors in adult Japanese patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies

With the increasing frequency of haploidentical transplantation, it is becoming more important to establish the degree of HLA mismatch that can be accepted. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 50 adult Japanese patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from two- or three-loci-mismatched related donors with HLA class I and II gene disparities in the graft-versus-host direction. They were treated at 20 transplant centers between 1996 and 2002. In all, 18 patients received unmanipulated PBSC, while 32 received purified CD34+ blood cells. Conventional (n=31) or reduced-intensity (n=19) conditioning regimens were used. Of the 39 patients (78%) who survived for > or =28 days after transplant, 37 (95%) achieved neutrophil engraftment, while graft failure and rejection occurred in two of 39 (5%) and three of 37 (8%) patients, respectively. Stepwise Cox regression analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD in patients receiving purified CD34+ cells (hazard ratio 0.32; 95% CI 0.12-0.84; P=0.022). By 1 year post transplant, 28 patients (56%) had died of transplant-related problems, including infectious complications (30%). Although the number of patients is small, our data suggest that transplant-related problems, particularly infectious complications, are major obstacles to the success of this therapy.     

Autologous blood stem cell transplantation in hematologic malignancies

Circulating stem cells (CSC) are well documented in animals and humans. Though their function in normal conditions remains obscure, autologous CSC seem capable of restoring hemopoiesis after myeloablative treatment. With cell separators CSC may be harvested in adequate number, and collection may be further improved giving chemotherapy and/or GM-CSF that mobilize stem cells into the circulation. Due to the high number of progenitor cells infused, hematologic reconstitution is more rapid with CSC than with marrow cells. Autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) is increasingly employed in a variety of hematologic malignancies and in some solid tumors. CSC allow transplantation in patients previously irradiated on the sites of harvest or with marrow tumor involvement, and probably decrease the risk of infection by shortening the duration of post-graft aplasia. Their use is also encouraged by a belief that, along with CSC, a large number of immunocompetent cells are infused that may exert an anti-tumor effect. A lower tumor contamination of CSC as compared to marrow is an attractive matter, but remains to be demonstrated. Standardization of cell cloning assays, identification of monoclonal antibodies to recognize the surface antigens expressed on progenitor cells, and definition of advantages of ABSCT are items of future work.     

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation compared to peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of hematologic malignancies: a meta-analysis based on time-to-event data from randomized controlled trials

Controversy remains regarding the transplant outcomes of human leukocyte antigen-identical related bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. To provide an estimate of the effect of BMT and PBSCT on clinical outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies, we conducted a meta-analysis based on time-to-event data from 17 randomized controlled trials. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), from 1972 through July 2010, and conference proceedings through July 2009 and reference lists, without any language restriction, of randomized trials that compared the transplant outcomes after BMT and PBSCT in patients with hematological malignancies were searched for details. Two independent reviewers extracted the data. The outcomes examined were engraftment, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, transplant-related mortality (TRM), leukemia-free-survival (LFS), and overall survival (OS). Compared to PBSCT, BMT had lower neutrophil (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.80 to 2.42; p < 0.00001) and platelet (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.78 to 4.30; p < 0.00001) engraftment. BMT was associated with a significant decrease in the development of grades II–IV (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.90; p = 0.002) and III–IV (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.84; p = 0.001) acute GVHD as well as overall (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.83; p < 0.0001) and extensive (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.91; p = 0.002) chronic GVHD. BMT was associated with a higher incidence of relapse (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.74; p = 0.0004). Comparable TRM (1.08; 95% CI, 0.56 to 2.10; p = 0.81), LFS (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.30; p = 0.73), and OS (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.39; p = 0.65) were demonstrated for both treatments. An inverse linear relationship was observed between the acute GVHD difference (PBSCT minus BMT) and the outcome of OS (p = 0.016). Our meta-analysis suggest that BMT leads to slower hematological recovery, increasing rates of relapse, and a lower risk of GVHD, but no significant difference in LFS and OS. A lower incidence of acute GVHD is associated with a superior OS.     

用低强度Bu/Cy预处理方案进行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的疗效观察

目的探讨使用低强度Bu/Cy预处理方案进行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的疗效。方法在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院采用低强度的Bu/Cy方案,进行异基因造血干细胞移植,治疗5例恶性血液病,预处理方案是:马利兰3~4mg/(kg·d)×3,环磷酰胺50mg/(kg·d)×2,阿糖胞苷2g/(m2·d)×1~2d,移植前7d开始环孢素A(CsA)3mg/(kg·d),霉酚酸酯(MMF)1g/d。结果5例病人均重建造血,未发生预处理相关严重并发症,5例病人已无病存活3~22个月(中位时间10·5个月)。结论低强度的Bu/Cy预处理方案,移植相关毒性减小,该方法治疗恶性血液病是安全可行的。     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗血液恶性肿瘤231例临床观察

目的观察自体外周血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗血液恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法2001年3月至2007年2月对第三军医大学新桥医院231例血液恶性肿瘤患者施行APBSCT,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)45例,急性髓性白血病(AML)34例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)100例,霍奇金淋巴瘤(HD)31例,多发性骨髓瘤(MM)21例,观察临床疗效和并发症。结果除1例ALL外,230例患者移植后造血功能均快速重建。ALL首次完全缓解(CR1)28例患者中无病存活(DFS)13例,带病存活4例,死亡11例;ALL二次缓解(CR2)17例患者中DFS3例,带病存活4例,死亡10例。AMLCR120例患者中DFS11例,带病存活3例,死亡6例;AMLCR214例患者中DFS6例,带病存活2例,死亡6例。NHLCR159例患者中DFS43例,带病存活7例,死亡9例;NHLCR230例患者中DFS18例,带病存活5例,死亡7例;NHL未缓解(NR)11例患者中DFS2例,带病存活4例,死亡5例。HDCR110例患者中DFS10例;HD部分缓解(PR)15例患者中DFS12例,带病存活3例;HD疾病复发(RE)6例患者中DFS3例,带病存活2例,死亡1例。MM21例患者中DFS7例,带病存活6例,死亡8例。结论APBSCT是一种安全有效的血液肿瘤治疗方法。     

Survival after HLA-identical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The impact of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) on survival relative to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) remains poorly defined. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HLA-matched related PBSC- and BMT for patients with hematologic malignancies have been published, yielding differing results. We conducted a meta-analysis of published RCTs to more precisely estimate the effect of PBSCT on survival. Seven trials that assessed survival were identified and included in our analysis. Using a fixed effects model, and combining the results of all seven trials, the summary odds ratio for mortality after PBSCT was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.62-1.05) when compared to BMT. Subgroup analysis revealed no association between the median PBSCT 34+ cell dose and relative risk for morality after PBSCT. However, there was an association between the proportion of patients enrolled with advanced-stage disease and the summary odds ratio for mortality. The pooled estimate was 0.64 for studies where patients with intermediate/advanced disease comprised at least 25% of enrollment, and was 1.07 for the studies enrolling a smaller proportion. This finding substantiates results from previously published studies that have demonstrated a survival advantage with PBSCT limited to patients with advanced disease.     

Haemopoietic reconstitution after autologous blood stem cell transplantation in patients with malignancies: a multicentre retrospective study

A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) in terms of haemopoietic reconstitution after ablative chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. 55 patients with malignancies, observed in four Italian institutions from January 1987 to June 1991, were eligible for evaluation. This series included 19 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 11 multiple myeloma, nine ovarian cancer, seven Hodgkin's disease, seven non-lymphocytic leukaemia, one acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, one neuroblastoma. 522 PBSC collections were performed on 55 patients. Following ABSCT, the rate of engraftment was positively related to the dose of CFU-GM infused and negatively to the presence of bone marrow involvement at conditioning. 48 patients out of 55 transplanted (87%) had rapid, complete and sustained engraftment. Three patients (5%) died of transplant-related complications. Considering that 60% of the patients in this series were in partial remission or in progressive disease at the time of ABSCT, we conclude that ABSCT is a safe approach for the use of ablative conditioning therapy in patients with a wide scope of malignancies, provided that a large number of CFU-GM have been collected after mobilizing treatment.     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗难治性白血病(附1例报告)

对 1例难治性急性粒 -单细胞白血病 (AML - M4 b)患者施行异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (allo-PBSCT ) ,以 Cy/ TBI方案预处理后 ,输注 HL A完全相合的同胞供者经 G- CSF动员的外周血单个核细胞(PBMNCs) 9.0× 10 8/ kg,其中 CD34 细胞 6 .2 5× 10 6 / kg;移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)的预防用 Cs A MTX方案。结果 : 15天时 ,外周血中性粒细胞 >0 .5× 10 9/ L,血小板 >5 0× 10 9/ L; 30天时 ,外周血三系均完全恢复正常。仅有 度皮肤 GVHD发生。认为对于难治性白血病 ,如有 HL A相合供者 ,应及早行异基因造血干细胞移植 (allo-HSCT)特别是 allo- PBSCT,具有受者造血与免疫功能重建快等优点     

Role of antithymocyte globulin in matched sibling donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies

Background:High incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been a major drawback of matched sibling donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (MSD -PBSCT). This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as a standardized part of GVHD prophylaxis in patients receiving MSD -PBSCT.Methods:A total of 72 patients with hematological malignancies receiving MSD -PBSCT who displayed similar baseline characteristics were either given rabbit ATG ( n = 42) or no ATG (n = 30), in addition to cyclosporine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil as a standard GVHD prophylaxis regimen. Either patients or donors aged ≥40 years were included in the study. Thymoglobulin was administered at a daily dose of 1.5 mg/kg on day −5 and 3.5 mg/kg on day −4 prior to transplant (the total dose was 5 mg/kg)Results:After a median follow-up of 874 days, the 3-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 37.3% in the ATG group and 52.1% in the non -ATG group. The 3-year overall and disease-free survival probability were 71.0% and 62.0% (ATG versus non -ATG, P = .262) and 66.7% and 58.4% (ATG versus non -ATG, P = .334). No difference was found in the 2-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality and relapse between the ATG and non -ATG groups. This significant reduction in the incidence of cGVHD without increased relapse risk and nonrelapse mortality led to a 3-year GVHD-free, relapse-free survival probability of 66.7% and 40.0% in the ATG and non-ATG groups, respectively.Conclusions:These data suggested that rabbit antithymocyte globulin in the current protocol for GVHD prophylaxis was well tolerable and efficacious.The clinical trial was registered on January 1, 2016 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02677181","term_id":"NCT02677181"}}NCT02677181). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02677181","term_id":"NCT02677181"}}NCT02677181.     

Autologous transplantation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed bone marrow is effective in supporting myeloablative chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies and poor peripheral blood stem cell mobilization

We assessed the hematopoietic recovery and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) of patients who had failed peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and subsequently received high-dose chemotherapy supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed bone marrow (BM). Studied were 86 heavily pretreated consecutive patients with acute leukemia (n = 21), refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 41) and Hodgkin disease (n = 17), and multiple myeloma (n = 7). There were 78 patients who showed insufficient mobilization of CD34+ cells (< 10 cells/microL), whereas 8 patients collected less than 1 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg. BM was primed in vivo for 3 days with 15 to 16 microg/kg of subcutaneous G-CSF. Median numbers of nucleated cells, colony-forming unit cells (CFU-Cs), and CD34+ cells per kilogram harvested were 3.5 x 10(8), 3.72 x 10(4), and 0.82 x 10(6), respectively. Following myeloablative chemotherapy, median times to achieve a granulocyte count higher than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and an unsupported platelet count higher than 20 and 50 x 10(9)/L were 13 (range, 8-24), 15 (range, 12-75), and 22 (range, 12-180) days, respectively, for lymphoma/myeloma patients and 23 (range, 13-53), 52 (range, 40-120), and 90 (range, 46-207) days, respectively, for leukemia patients. Median times to hospital discharge after transplantation were 17 (range, 12-40) and 27 (range, 14-39) days for lymphoma/myeloma and acute leukemia patients, respectively. TRM was 4.6%, whereas 15 patients died of disease. G-CSF-primed BM induces effective multilineage hematopoietic recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and can be safely used in patients with poor stem cell mobilization.     

Allogeneic transplantation of CD34+-selected cells from peripheral blood in patients with myeloid malignancies in early phase: a case control comparison with unmodified peripheral blood transplantation

We compared fractionated total body irradiation (12 Gy)/cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) with busulfan (16 mg/kg)/cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) as preparative therapy in unrelated donor stem cell transplantation of CML patients. Fifty patients with CML (1.CP = 46; aP = 4) and a median age of 36 years (range 16-52) were enrolled in this sequential trial between 1994 and 1999. In both groups patients were well balanced with respect to age, disease status, stem cell source and CMV status. All patients received standard doses of cyclosporin A, methotrexate and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) as GVHD prophylaxis. No graft failures occurred in either group. The median day of leukocyte engraftment was earlier in the Bu/Cy than in the TBI/Cy group (day 15 vs 17; P = 0.006). The incidence of grade II-IV GVHD was 40% in the TBI/Cy and 36% in the Bu/Cy group, whereas severe grade III/IV GVHD was only observed in 12% of patients in both groups. The incidence of chronic GVHD (limited and extensive) at 1 year was higher in the Bu/Cy arm (65% vs 30%; P = 0.02). More toxicity grade I/II of the liver (88% vs 44%; P = 0.002) and more hemorrhagic cystitis (32% vs 8%; P = 0.02) were observed in the Bu/Cy regimen. Seven relapses in the TBI and no relapse in the Bu/Cy group were observed after a median follow-up of 44 and 15 months, respectively. The estimated 3 year OS and DFS was 72% (95% CI: 55-98%) and 58% (95% CI: 39-77%) in the TBI and 70% (95% CI: 51-89%) for DFS and OS in the Bu/Cy group. We conclude that the anti-leukemic effect of the Bu/Cy regimen seems to be at least as effective as the TBI/Cy combination in unrelated stem cell transplantation of CML patients, with no graft failures, but that it correlates with a higher incidence of liver toxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis and chronic GVHD. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the late relapse rate and late toxicity.     

异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床研究

目的　探讨异基因外周血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT）的植活情况,移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的发生率和临床结果。方法　回顾性分析1997年6月至1999年5月在我院实行的40例allo-PBSCT的临床资料。以粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)5μg/kg,12h1次,皮下注射动员外周血造血干细胞;输入CD