齐拉西酮和喹硫平对急性期精神分裂症的疗效和血浆非酶类抗氧化物水平的短期影响

目的比较齐拉西酮和喹硫平对首次住院精神分裂症患者的疗效及血浆非酶类抗氧化物水平的短期影响。方法 77例首次住院的精神分裂症患者按分层随机分成齐拉西酮组(n=39)和喹硫平组(n=38),齐拉西酮和喹硫平最低日剂量分别定为40 mg·d~(-1)和100 mg·d~(-1),最高日剂量分别限定为160 mg·d~(-1)和800 mg·d~(-1),每日分2次服用,治疗4周。以阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,检测患者治疗前后的血浆白蛋白、总胆红素及尿酸水平。结果治疗4周后,两组PANSS总分、阳性症状和阴性症状评分与治疗前相比均显著降低(P<0.05),组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。齐拉西酮组和喹硫平组临床疗效比较无显著差异(67%vs.58%,P>0.05)。治疗4周后,两组血浆白蛋白、总胆红素水平组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),齐拉西酮组尿酸水平高于喹硫平组(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,喹硫平组血浆白蛋白、总胆红素和尿酸水平均显著降低(P<0.05),齐拉西酮组与治疗前比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论齐拉西酮和喹硫平对急性期精神分裂症的治疗均有效;齐拉西酮对氧化应激影响比喹硫平小,两药对血浆非酶类抗氧化系统的影响与临床疗效无关。     

利培酮、奥氮平和喹硫平对女性精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素浓度的影响

目的探讨利培酮、奥氮平和喹硫平对女性精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素浓度的影响。方法选取2012年3月—2014年3月常熟市精神卫生中心收治的女性精神分裂症患者126例,将患者随机分为利培酮组、奥氮平组和喹硫平组,各42例,分别给予利培酮、奥氮平和喹硫平治疗。观察3组患者治疗前与治疗5周后血清泌乳素浓度。结果治疗5周后利培酮组与奥氮平组血清泌乳素浓度高于治疗前(P<0.05);喹硫平组血清泌乳素浓度与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论喹硫平对女性精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素浓度的影响较小,治疗效果较好。     

奥氮平和利培酮治疗精神分裂症合并慢性乙肝患者的疗效分析及其对糖脂代谢的影响研究

目的 研究奥氮平与利培酮运用于精神分裂症合并慢性乙肝中的价值。方法 选择我院收治的精神分裂症合并慢性乙肝患者82例,随机分成研究组和对照组,各41例。研究组予利培酮治疗,对照组予奥氮平治疗,用药前、用药后6周测定空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白,并进行阳性和阴性症状(PANSS)评分调查,同时测评用药后6周的总有效率,比较两组用药结果。结果 用药前,两组的糖脂代谢指标相比无差异(P>0.05),用药后,研究组空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白均低于对照组(P<0.05);用药前,两组PANSS评分相比无差异(P>0.05),用药后两组阴性症状、阳性症状、总分均显著降低,但两组对比无差异(P>0.05);研究组总有效率与对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 奥氮平与利培酮在疾病中疗效相当,有效减轻相关症状,但利培酮对患者糖脂代谢的影响较小,更适合精神分裂症合并慢性乙肝的治疗。     

利培酮与奥氮平对不同性别精神分裂症患者甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的 探讨利培酮和奥氮平对不同性别精神分裂症患者甲状腺激素水平的影响.HT5"H方法 将86例精神分裂症患者随机分成服用利培酮和奥氮平两组,其中利培酮组43例,使用剂量范围为1日4~6mg.奥氮平组43例,使用剂量范围为1日12.5~20mg.两组的年龄、男女性别比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),均为中国汉族人.两组患者均在用药前及用药4周末测定促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)及血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平.结果 利培酮及奥氮平组在治疗后均有FT3及FT4的下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组对FT3及FT4的影响大小无显著差异(P>0.05).利培酮组及奥氮平组不同性别间甲状腺功能的变化无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 利培酮及奥氮平均会引起FT3及FT4等甲状腺功能指标的下降,与性别无明显关系.     

非典型抗精神病药物奥氮平 利培酮与阿立哌唑对肝功能的影响

目的研究奥氮平、利培酮和阿立哌唑3种非典型抗精神病药物治疗对精神分裂症患者肝功能的影响。方法临床纳入上海市金山区精神卫生中心2014年1月至2016年12月收治的456例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,按选用不同药物治疗分为3组。其中152例患者采用奥氮平治疗作为奥氮平组;另156例患者采用利培酮治疗作为利培酮组;剩余148例采用阿立哌唑治疗作为阿立哌唑组。观察3组患者治疗效果、症状评分以及肝功能水平。结果奥氮平组、利培酮组以及阿立哌唑组治疗总有效率分别为92.11%、92.31%以及86.49%,3组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前和治疗后3组患者阳性量表、阴性量表及一般精神量表评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3组患者症状评分均显著降低(P<0.01),治疗前3组患者丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3组患者ALT、AST水平显著高于治疗前(P<0.01),且治疗后3组间ALT、AST水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),利培酮组ALT、AST水平显著高于其他2组(P<0.01)。治疗后3组精神分裂症患者较治疗前自我管理能力升高(P<0.05),但3组患者间自我管理能力评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论奥氮平、利培酮及阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症效果相似,但利培酮对肝功能影响更大。     

不同抗精神病药物对精神分裂症血清催乳素和体重的影响

目的研究利培酮、奥氮平、氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者血清催乳素（PRL）、体重的影响。方法 68例精神分裂症患者随机分成利培酮组（23例）、奥氮平组（22例）、氟哌啶醇组（23例）,分别在治疗前、治疗8周末测血清催乳素、体重、身高,计算体重指数,并同时做阳性与阴性症状量表评分（PANSS）,观察治疗前后各测量指标的变化及不同药物组的差异。研究期间由医院提供相同饮食。结果 （1）3组治疗后较治疗前PANSS评分均明显下降（P〈0.01）,但3组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（2）治疗前患者血清催乳素水平与PANSS总分、各因子分无明显相关性。（3）与治疗前比较,利培酮组、氟哌啶醇组血清PRL明显增高（P〈0.01）,而奥氮平组治疗后与治疗前比较,PRL差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。血清催乳素的升高为利培酮〉氟哌啶醇〉奥氮平。（4）治疗前后3组体重变化,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。3组BMI治疗后与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义[利培酮组（P〈0.01）,奥氮平组（P〈0.01）,氟哌啶醇组（P〈0.05）],3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对体重的影响作用奥氮平〉利培酮〉氟哌啶醇。（5）体重的增加和阴性症状评分相关。结论利培酮有明显升高PRL的作用,而奥氮平对体重影响明显。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗老年痴呆精神行为症状的疗效对比探究

目的 对比分析奥氮平与利培酮治疗老年痴呆精神行为症状的疗效.方法 本研究选取100例老年痴呆患者为对象,将其随机分为利培酮组和奥氮平组.对比分析两组患者治疗效果和治疗前后患者阿尔茨海默病病理行为评分表(BEHAVE-AD)总分和阳性与阴性症状量表(PA NSS)评分的差异、不良反应.结果 利培酮组患者总有效率为82.00％,奥氮平组患者总有效率为84.00％,经X2检验差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者治疗前BEHAVE-AD总分、PANSS评分无明显差异(P＞0.05);治疗后2用、4周,奥氮平组BEHAVE-AD总分、PANSS评分明显优于利培酮组,经t检验差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后8周,两组患者BEHAVE-AD总分、PANSS评分无明显差异(P＞0.05).奥氮平组不良反应明显少于利培酮组,经x2检验差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 奥氮平与利培酮治疗老年痴呆均可有效改善患者精神行为症状,但奥氮平起效更快,药物安全性高,值得推广.     

探讨利培酮与奥氮平对精神分裂症急性期患者的应用疗效

目的比较利培酮与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症急性期患者的临床效果及其安全性。方法70例精神分裂症急性期患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组患者采用奥氮平治疗,观察组患者采用奥氮平联合利培酮治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前,两组患者阳性症状、阴性症状以及一般病理评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗8周后,两组患者阳性症状、阴性症状以及一般病理评分均低于本组治疗前,且观察组阳性症状评分(15.8±2.3)分、阴性症状评分(19.2±2.4)分以及一般病理评分(24.9±6.2)分均低于对照组的(18.0±3.2)、(21.8±4.1)、(32.8±6.5)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12周后,两组患者阳性症状、阴性症状以及一般病理评分均低于本组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者活动减退、嗜睡、肌强直、震颤、静坐不能、口干与便秘发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者肝功能异常、体重增加发生率分别为2.86%、8.57%,低于对照组的20.00%、28.57%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症急性期患者采用利培酮联合奥氮平治疗的价值优于单纯奥氮平治疗,能够对患者的病情起到快速控制的作用,且肝功能异常、体重增加的不良反应较少。     

奥氮平治疗老年精神分裂症患者的疗效观察及对心电图的影响

目的:比较奥氮平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症患者的疗效及对心电图的影响。方法:选取120例老年精神分裂症患者,随机分为奥氮平组(研究组)和利培酮组(对照组),各60例,分别于治疗前及治疗后第2、4、6、8周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,并进行心电图检查,统计异常心电图的数目和相关信息。结果:两组PANSS评分治疗后均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05)。研究组有效率和显效率分别为78.3%和56.7%,对照组分别为75.0%和51.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。奥氮平组以嗜睡为主,利培酮组以锥体外系副反应和转氨酶升高为主,两组在锥体外系副反应和转氨酶升高两方面有统计学差异(P<0.05)。治疗第2周时,心电图异常数奥氮平组较利培酮组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:奥氮平和利培酮对治疗老年精神分裂症的疗效相近,安全性较高,尤其是奥氮平的副作用更少,并且两种药物对心电图无明显影响,较适用于老年精神障碍患者。     

奥氮平、利培酮及阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血脂血糖的影响

目的 比较奥氮平、利培酮、阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血脂、血糖的影响.方法 将90例男性精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平组、利培酮组、阿立哌唑组共3组,每组各30例,分别于治疗前及治疗后4周、12周检测空腹血搪和血脂.结果 奥氮平组血脂、血糖升高,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01):利培酮组血脂升高,与治疗前比...     

Serum adiponectin concentrations during treatment with olanzapine or risperidone: a pilot study

Adiponectin is a recently identified adipocyte-derived protein, which is associated with glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and adiposity. The aim of this study was to explore the alterations in serum adiponectin concentration during treatment with olanzapine or risperidone. Serum concentrations of adiponectin were investigated in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2)- and age-matched groups of non-diabetic, non-obese schizophrenic patients receiving a stable dose of olanzapine (n = 18) or risperidone (n = 15) for 4 weeks or more, and of mentally and physically healthy volunteers (n = 17). Patients undergoing treatment with olanzapine or risperidone had significantly higher adiponectin concentrations than the healthy volunteers, even after controlling for BMI. Adiponectin concentrations decreased with increasing BMI in patients taking olanzapine, while elevated levels were observed in patients taking risperidone, regardless of adiposity. This preliminary cross-sectional study indicates that adiponectin is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and weight in schizophrenic patients during treatment with olanzapine or risperidone, presumably showing a normalizing effect on metabolic abnormality.     

血胆红素、尿酸及血脂水平在糖尿病血管病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨血清胆红素、尿酸及血脂水平在糖尿病（DM）血管病变中的作用及应用价值。方法采用全自动化分析仪,检测46例DM血管病变患者血清胆红素、尿酸及血脂水平,并与50例对照组比较分析。结果DM性血管病变患者血清总胆红素（TBIL）和间接胆红素（NDBIL）含量明显低于无并发症组（P〈0．01）,血清尿酸（UA）含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,大、微血管组TBIL、UA比较均无差异;血管病变组总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）含量与无并发症组和对照组比较显著升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）则降低（P〈0．01）。结论低胆红素血症、尿酸升高及血脂异常与DM血管病变密切相关,检测三者含量对DM并发血管病变有判断价值。     

The early effect of olanzapine and risperidone on insulin secretion in atypical-naïve schizophrenic patients

Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to the potential diabetogenic effect of atypical antipsychotics. The goal of this prospective study is to evaluate the early effect of olanzapine and risperidone treatment on pancreatic beta-cell function in atypical-naive schizophrenic patients. Twenty-six subjects were assigned randomly to therapy with olanzapine or risperidone for 14 days. The metabolic parameters were quantitatively assessed by using the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profiles, and leptin were also assessed. There were no significant within-group changes in weight or body mass index for both groups after 2 weeks of treatment. The levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, cholesterol, or leptin did not change in both groups. The triglyceride level significantly increased in olanzapine group. Glucose disappearance rate and insulin sensitivity did not change in both groups. Insulin secretion significantly decreased in olanzapine group. After 2 weeks of olanzapine treatment, schizophrenic patients decreased insulin secretory response to a hyperglycemic challenge. The results of this study support the hypothesis that olanzapine might directly impair pancreatic beta-cell function.     

A randomised controlled study of risperidone and olanzapine for schizophrenic patients with neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenic patients with intolerant extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) on first generation antipsychotics. We conducted an 8-week, rater-blinded, flexible dose study. Seventy patients with schizophrenia, who met the DSM-IV research criteria of having neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism, were randomly assigned to risperidone or olanzapine group. The primary outcome was a comparison of the incidence of concomitant anticholinergic drugs usage between the groups to manage their acute dystonia and parkinsonism. The average doses of risperidone and olanzapine from baseline to study end point were 1.8-3.5 mg/day and 7.7-11.7 mg/day, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic data, severity of EPS or psychotic symptoms between the groups at baseline assessment. Patients taking risperidone had significantly higher incidence of using anticholinergic drugs to manage acute dystonia or parkinsonism overall during the study (OR = 5.17, 95%CI = 1.49-17.88, P = 0.013). There was no significant between-group difference in the changing of rating scales of EPS and psychotic symptoms. The results of our study favour olanzapine as a better choice in schizophrenic patients with intolerant EPS. Double-blinded, fixed dose and different ethnical study for EPS-intolerant schizophrenic patients is needed to confirm the results of our study.     

A crossover study on lipid and weight changes associated with olanzapine and risperidone

Rationale The results from case–control and retrospective studies revealed that olanzapine might be associated with more increased risks of metabolic dysfunction than risperidone. The crossover design can minimize the influence of individual variation in metabolic profiles and demographic variables, such as age, sex, concomitant medication use and personal life styles.Objectives We design a crossover study to evaluate the metabolic effect of olanzapine and risperidone.Methods Fifteen schizophrenic patients were shifted from olanzapine and risperidone or from risperidone and olanzapine due to poor treatment response. The body weights, lipid profiles and fasting glucose levels were assessed before medication switch and 3 months after crossover.Results In the seven patients taking risperidone at the time of inclusion (risperidone-first group), after shifting to olanzapine, there was a significant increase in triglyceride level (p=0.048) and body weight (p=0.008). In the other eight patients (olanzapine-first group), after shift to risperidone, there was a decrease in triglyceride level (p=0.009), body weight (p=0.049) and body mass index (BMI; p=0.04). When comparing the metabolic profiles in all patients after olanzapine and after risperidone (irrespective of the order of treatment), the mean triglyceride level (p=0.001), body weight (p=0.001) and BMI (p=0.015) were significantly higher in patients receiving olanzapine than in those receiving risperidone. Furthermore, there was a small increase in total cholesterol level (p=0.091) and a small decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (p=0.061) in olanzapine group, but the differences did not reach a significant level. There was no significant difference between olanzapine and risperidone in fasting glucose and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).Conclusions This study confirms that elevated levels of triglyceride and body weight could be associated with the use of olanzapine as compared with risperidone. The changes in body weights and lipid profiles should be closely monitored in patients during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs.     

A randomized, 1-year follow-up study of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine compared with risperidone in negative symptoms, after 1 year of treatment, in schizophrenic outpatients with prominent negative symptoms. METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, monitored, open-label, parallel, dose-flexible, 1-year study of outpatients with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria) with prominent negative symptoms (Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [SANS] summary score > or =10) previously treated with conventional antipsychotics. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with an initial dose of olanzapine 10 mg/d or more (n = 120) or risperidone 3 mg/d or more (n = 115). The primary efficacy measure was the SANS summary score. Secondary efficacy measures included Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, and Social Functioning Scale. The response rate was defined as 30% or more of improvement in the SANS summary score. RESULTS: The mean dose throughout the study was 12.2 mg/d (+/-5.8 mg/d) for olanzapine and 4.9 mg/d (+/-2.0 mg/d) for risperidone. At 1 year, olanzapine patients showed significantly higher improvement than risperidone patients on the SANS summary (P = 0.015) and on the affective flattening (P = 0.007) and avolition/apathy (P = 0.028) SANS subscales. There were also significant improvements in favor of olanzapine in the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms summary (P = 0.021), Clinical Global Impression of Severity (P = 0.008), and Social Functioning Scale total (P < 0.001) scores. The response rate was greater (P = 0.001) in the olanzapine cohort (69.2%) than in the risperidone cohort (48.7%). Olanzapine patients reported less extrapyramidal side effects but a higher incidence of clinically important body weight increase than risperidone patients. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with olanzapine was associated with significantly better improvement in negative symptoms as compared with risperidone-treated schizophrenic outpatients with prominent negative symptoms.     

Prolactin fluctuation over the course of a day during treatments with three atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients

Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent consequence of treatment with some antipsychotic agents. Although prolactin secretion varies over the course of a day and during psychological circumstances, there is little information in the literature regarding the time dependence of the prolactin response to antipsychotics. We evaluated prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients receiving risperidone (3 mg twice daily), olanzapine (10 mg twice daily), or perospirone (16 mg twice daily) for at least 4 weeks. The subjects were compared to matched healthy controls. Plasma sample collection for quantification of drug and prolactin levels was conducted before and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after the morning dosing. Prolactin concentrations before dosing during risperidone treatment were significantly higher than during treatment with olanzapine and perospirone in females. The daily fluctuation of prolactin concentration after perospirone treatment was larger than that observed after risperidone and olanzapine treatments. Areas under the plasma concentration‐time curves was greatest in subjects treated with risperidone, followed by perospirone and finally by olanzapine. These findings suggest that daily fluctuations in prolactin concentration after perospirone treatment are larger than following treatment with risperidone and olanzapine. The plasma concentration of prolactin during perospirone treatment therefore depends on the time of sampling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Serum ghrelin concentrations in patients receiving olanzapine or risperidone

Rationale Although enhanced appetite and weight gain are potential side effects of treatment with antipsychotic agents, particularly olanzapine and clozapine, the mechanism is poorly understood.Objectives To test the hypothesis that ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone that enhances appetite, is involved in increased food intake and weight gain during treatment with antipsychotics.Methods Serum ghrelin concentrations were investigated in schizophrenic patients receiving olanzapine or risperidone, and in healthy volunteers.Results Serum ghrelin concentrations did not increase, but rather decreased, in patients treated with olanzapine or risperidone in comparison with healthy volunteers. No significant difference was found in serum ghrelin concentration between patients treated with olanzapine and risperidone.Conclusions Our results indicate that ghrelin is not a direct cause of increased food intake and weight gain during treatment with olanzapine or risperidone, whereas ghrelin is associated with metabolic change in patients receiving these agents.     

Differential effects of olanzapine and risperidone on plasma adiponectin levels over time: Results from a 3-month prospective open-label study

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGA), especially clozapine and olanzapine, are associated with an increased metabolic risk. Recent research showed that plasma adiponectin levels, an adipocyte-derived hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, vary in the same way in schizophrenic patients as in the general population according to gender, adiposity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether different SGAs differentially affect plasma adiponectin levels independent of body mass index (BMI) and MetS status.113 patients with schizophrenia (65.5% males, 32.3 years old) who were free of antipsychotic medication were enrolled in this open-label prospective single-center study and received either risperidone (n = 54) or olanzapine (n = 59). They were followed prospectively for 12 weeks. Average daily dose was 4.4 mg/day for risperidone and 17.4 mg/day for olanzapine. Plasma adiponectin levels as well as fasting metabolic parameters were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks.The two groups had similar baseline demographic and metabolic characteristics. A significant increase in body weight was observed over time. This increase was significantly larger in the olanzapine group than in the risperidone group (+ 7.0 kg versus + 3.1 kg, p < 0.0002). Changes in fasting glucose and insulin levels and in HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance, were not significantly different in both treatment groups. MetS prevalence increased significantly more in the olanzapine group as compared to the risperidone groups where the prevalence did not change over time. We observed a significant (p = 0.0015) treatment by time interaction showing an adiponectin increase in the risperidone-treated patients (from 10,154 to 11,124 ng/ml) whereas adiponectin levels decreased in olanzapine treated patients (from 11,280 to 8988 ng/ml). This effect was independent of BMI and the presence/absence of MetS.The differential effect of antipsychotic treatment (risperidone versus olanzapine) on plasma adiponectin levels over time, independent of changes in waist circumference and antipsychotic dosing, suggests a specific effect on adipose tissues, similar to what has been observed in animal models. The observed olanzapine-associated reduction in plasma adiponectin levels may at least partially contribute to the increased metabolic risk of olanzapine compared to risperidone.