单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的二期整复

目的：观察单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形二期整复手术的效果。方法：选择自1997年3月－2001年2月在本科求医的单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形患者中的78例，全部采用鼻小柱基部的飞鸟形切口进路行鼻翼软骨内侧脚上移悬吊术，进行鼻畸形的二期整复，结果：所有病例术后鼻外形有明显改善，鼻小柱居中，双侧鼻孔大小基本相等，鼻翼鼻底丰满，鼻尖高挺。结论：鼻小柱基部飞鸟形切口进路的患侧鼻翼软骨内侧脚上移悬吊术是单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的二期整复有效的手术方法之一。     

鼻翼软骨外侧脚悬吊术联合牙槽嵴植骨整复唇裂鼻畸形

目的:探讨单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复的有效方法及牙槽嵴裂植骨同期手术的效果。方法:通过经鼻小柱基底的“U”型切口行患侧鼻翼软骨外侧脚悬吊术联合牙槽嵴植骨,整复13例唇裂鼻畸形患者,观察近、远期效果。结果:13例创口全部一期愈合,随访12～38月,鼻翼软骨外侧脚悬吊术联合牙槽嵴植骨对唇裂鼻畸形患者的鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻孔及鼻小柱畸形矫治术后外形满意,同时矫治了鼻底畸形和牙槽嵴裂。结论:该术式对整复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形是一种可靠的方法,可推广应用。     

单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术的临床分析

目的：通过对单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形整复方法的研究和改进,探讨其理想的手术方式。方法：以61例单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形患者为研究对象,其中男性36例,女性25例,年龄分布范围3～34岁,平均年龄14.6岁。根据不同的鼻畸形程度进行鼻唇肌肉的解剖复位,鼻翼及鼻中隔软骨悬吊复位固定,以及肋软骨塑形后移植,纠正鼻翼和鼻小柱的畸形。结果：61例单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形患者术后外形均得到明显改善,移植肋软骨未发生明显吸收,患者局部伤愈合良好。结论：单侧完全性唇裂术后患者鼻畸形的手术治疗应注重强调个性化处理。针对鼻畸形的原因,从软组织及鼻翼和鼻中隔软骨等多方面进行矫正治疗,才能获得更为理想的整复效果。     

硬三角软骨支架植入矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的　探讨一种纠正唇裂术后鼻畸形的新术式。方法　在回顾单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术中各种软骨悬吊、移植等方法的基础上,创新性地提出了外鼻畸形的硬三角软骨支架的植入整复方法。结果　经15例临床病例的验证,该法可以较好地一次整复唇裂术后患侧鼻翼塌陷、鼻堤缺乏、鼻小柱偏斜等。结论　硬三角软骨支架植入能矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻翼塌陷畸形,术后短期效果满意。     

单侧唇裂继发鼻下端畸形张力平衡的重建

目的：探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻下端畸形两侧张力平衡重建的手术方法及临床意义。方法：通过健侧降鼻中隔肌的处理及＂C＂形鼻中隔的纠正,重建鼻小柱两侧的肌张力及软骨弹性张力平衡;将鼻翼软骨外侧脚充分游离,解除鼻翼软骨周边组织的病理影响;用三点缝合二点高位悬吊法重塑外鼻下端软骨支架结构;最后施鼻翼外侧脚软组织的移位。结果：32例患者鼻下端形态恢复满意、持久。结论：用重建鼻下端两侧组织张力平衡的手术方法整复单侧唇裂继发鼻下端畸形,可获得可靠的治疗效果。     

单侧唇裂术后的鼻软骨解剖学研究

为探讨组织错位及组织发育不足与单侧唇裂鼻畸形的关系，对３８例伴有鼻畸形的单侧唇裂术后患者在鼻畸形修复术中的健患侧鼻翼软骨大小及相对位置进行观察和测量，发现均存在患侧鼻翼软骨错位，若伴有患侧鼻软骨发育不足则鼻畸形更加严重。说明患侧鼻软骨组织错位及发育不足是造成唇裂鼻畸形的局部因素。     

单侧唇裂术后的鼻有解剖学研究

为探讨组织错位及组织发育不足与单侧唇裂鼻畸形的关系，对３８例伴有鼻畸形的单侧唇裂术后患者在鼻畸形修复术听健患侧鼻翼软骨大小及相对位置进行观察和测量，发现均存在患侧鼻翼软骨错位，若伴有患侧鼻软骨发育不足则鼻畸形更加严重。说明患侧鼻软骨组织错位及发育不足是造成唇裂鼻畸形的局部因素。     

单侧唇裂鼻翼软骨定位术与再定位术的设计及应用

鼻畸形矫正日益成为唇裂治疗关注的重点,其术后高复发问题是亟需解决的技术难点.笔者前期提出了依据中国人群鼻翼形态特点建立的鼻翼软骨二焦点固定技术(鼻翼软骨内固定术),之后在单侧唇裂整复中又建立了鼻小柱侧方软组织增量的理论与技术.基于对这两种技术的应用和总结,笔者将其进一步相结合从而发展出新的鼻畸形整复方法,称之为鼻翼软骨...     

耳甲软骨在鼻畸形整复术中的应用

目的：探讨应用耳甲软骨移植修复唇裂术后鼻畸形的手术可行性皮临床效果。方法：对10例单侧唇裂鼻畸形患者根据缺损的大小,切取相等的耳甲软骨进行修复。结果：本组10例,手术后随访2年,全部病例鼻畸形矫正效果满意。结论：运用耳甲软骨修复唇裂鼻畸形断裂不全的鼻翼软骨,是一种简便易行的手术方式。     

应用下鼻甲黏膜瓣整复唇裂鼻畸形15例报告

目的 :应用下鼻甲黏膜瓣整复完全性唇裂鼻畸形。方法 :唇裂修复术中用下鼻甲黏膜瓣及颊黏膜瓣修复鼻底的同时作鼻畸形整复 ,游离鼻翼软骨并复位固定。把鼻唇作为一个整体结构进行修复 ,观察修复后的远期疗效。结果 :修复后的鼻翼畸形得到很好改善 ,鼻翼塌陷基本消失。结论 :用下鼻甲黏膜瓣在唇裂手术中同期整复鼻畸形临床效果好。     

Single-stage repair of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformity in adults

Correction of cleft lip-nose deformity in adult patients is different from that in children. One-stage correction has proved to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft-lip nose deformity. This study aimed to explore a particular single-stage method and evaluate the effect of simultaneous reparation of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.Cleft lip patients who had previously undergone nasolabial surgery with residual poor nasal/lip appearance were included. The alveolar bone defect was repaired with granular costal cortical bone. Lip revision and rhinoplasty were performed using diced costal cartilage. The lip, nose, and alveolar deformities were corrected in one stage.From 2011 to 2017, 53 cases were treated. The vermilion discrepancy was corrected in all cases. Fifty-one patients were successfully treated, with primary healing in the bony recipient area. Cancellous bone exposure occurred in two cases. The wounds were healed after debridement and drainage. Appearances were improved in all patients. The mean change in columella–labial angle ranged from 82.50 to 92.78° (p < 0.001).This one-stage correction appears to have led to a distinct improvement in the nasal tip projection and lip. The method is considered to be effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.     

Unilateral cleft lip-nose repair: a 33-year experience

A 33-year experience with a proven method of repair for primary unilateral cleft lip-nose is presented. The technique used by the authors has been improved by modifications that have led to better symmetry and balance with less scarring. The technique involves ignoring the abnormal skeletal base, use of perisurgical passive orthopedics, and primary surgical correction of the nose and lip. Improved results can consistently be achieved by approaching the nose laterally through an inferior turbinate incision, freeing completely the lip and nose components so they can be translocated to match the normal side. Accurate positioning and symmetry of the alar base and sill is aided by limiting the transverse incision in the lip. This results in less scarring and improved sill reconstruction. The technique for floor-of-the-nose reconstruction avoids a small nostril without discarding any tissue. It is important to leave tissue in the floor to compensate for the skeletal deficiency. The senior author has performed this procedure in more than 750 patients. Approximately 35% have or will require minor secondary reconstruction at age 5 years. An aesthetic rhinoplasty is performed on most patients after growth is complete. Self-esteem is enhanced by early nasal reconstruction and has become the authors' standard of care for rehabilitation of the unilateral cleft lip and palate. Many surgeons remain reluctant to perform primary nasal repair. With careful proper technique, any experienced cleft surgeon can learn this procedure. For the beginner, conservatism is recommended.     

单侧重度唇裂鼻畸形整复的临床研究

目的:探讨单侧重度唇裂鼻畸形的整复方法。方法:对单侧重度唇裂患者,采用鼻内切口、整改畸形组织、调整定位、整复鼻外形,以达到一期修复鼻部畸形、关闭裂隙的目的。结果:唇裂伴鼻畸形整复手术85例,经13年随访,取得满意效果。结论:鼻内切口整改畸形组织是一种值得推荐的一期修复鼻部畸形关闭裂隙的手术方法。     

应用鼻翼基部内侧组织瓣修复单侧完全性唇裂

目的 探讨利用鼻翼基部内侧组织瓣修复单侧完全性宽唇裂的方法。方法 选择单侧完全性唇裂78例,手术时确保健患侧唇边长相等,利用患侧鼻翼基部内侧组织瓣增加患侧唇高,使健患侧的唇高对称。其余操作同“Millard”术式。结果 66例术后健、患侧上唇对称,唇高及唇边长两侧相等,瘢痕不明显。唇珠形态好。术后1．5年复诊,84．6％效果比较理想;10例术后效果一般;2例需Ⅱ期修复。结论 对于较宽的单侧完全性唇裂,利用翼基部内侧组织瓣代偿组织缺损。是又一种行之有效的修复方法。     

Repair of bilateral cleft lip: review, revisions, and reflections

Rarely does the appearance of a child with a repaired bilateral cleft lip compare favorably with that of a child with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. However, there has been a major change in operative strategy during the past decade, and as a result, the typical bilateral cleft nasolabial stigmata are no longer so obvious. The senior author restates the principles for correction of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity, and underscores the essential role of preoperative premaxillary positioning. He reviews his method of single-stage closure of the cleft primary palate, including three-dimensional adjustments based on predicted four-dimensional changes. Operative modifications are described for variations of bilateral cleft lip. The authors emphasize the surgeon's obligation for periodic assessment. In a consecutive series of 50 patients with repaired bilateral complete cleft lip/palate, the revision-rate was 33% as compared with 12.5% if the secondary palate is intact. No revisions were necessary for philtral size or columellar length. The authors propose that nasolabial appearance and speech are the priorities in habilitation of the child with bilateral cleft lip/palate rather than the traditional emphasis on maxillary growth.     

Dynamic presurgical nasal remodeling in patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: modification to the original technique.

OBJECTIVE: To present technical modifications to the original presurgical nasal remodeling appliance introduced in 1991. The purpose of the modifications is to improve the cleft nasal deformity before unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair. METHOD: The principle behind this technique, known as dynamic presurgical nasal remodeling (DPNR), is the use of the force generated during suction and swallowing. A conventional intraoral plate is built with a nasal extension added to the labial vestibular flange. The nasal extension was modified and consists of three components. The palatal plate is left loose in the mouth to generate a discontinuous but controlled impact directed to the affected nasal structures during suction and swallowing. The principle aim of the DPNR technique in unilateral cases is to improve the deformation of nasal structures by straightening the columella, elevating the nasal tip, and remodeling the depressed cleft side alar cartilages. In bilateral cases, the aims are to elongate the columella and to obtain nasal tip projection. CONCLUSIONS: The modifications introduced in the appliance enhance the original DPNR technique and are effective in ameliorating the initial cleft nasal deformity. This facilitates primary surgical cleft lip and nose correction and improves surgical outcomes in patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate.     

Treatment of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity

The lack of tip projection on the affected side of a unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity can be difficult to correct due to lack of adequate structural support. A new technique for the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is described. The key components of the technique involve the use of a dorsally angulated unilateral spreader graft on the cleft side and the use of an L-shaped septal graft to provide support to the cleft nasal tip.     

Early and late treatment of unilateral cleft nasal deformity.

Surgical techniques have been developed to correct nasal deformity associated with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. This deformity can be significantly corrected during the primary cleft lip repair, as performed by the technique described by the author. Secondary corrective procedures focus mostly on skeletal support and lining distortions as well as on rearrangements of lower lateral cartilages. At the final stage, esthetic appearance can be significantly improved by contour remodeling with the addition of cartilage and/or bony implants. Choice of surgical technique depends upon the severity of the deformity and the experience and proficiency of the surgeon. At the present time, correction of the nasal deformity associated with a unilateral cleft is an integral part of primary cleft lip repair and part of multidisciplinary management of cleft deformities.     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的影响因素分析

目的：研究单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的影响因素。方法：收集2005年1月—2006年12月就诊于中国医科大学口腔医院的单侧唇裂术后患者150例,拍摄患者正位、侧位和仰位照片,根据鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻小柱、鼻中隔、鼻背和骨组织畸形程度,对150例患者单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的严重程度进行评价,分为轻度、中度、重度组,筛选性别、患侧、年龄、原有唇裂畸形严重程度、唇裂整复术术式、一期鼻整形术、牙槽突裂和上颌骨发育等因素,应用SPSS13.0软件包分析单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形形成中的影响因素。结果：鼻畸形严重程度分组符合评价一致率50%以上患者143例,轻度鼻畸形33例,中度鼻畸形65例,重度鼻畸形45例。性别和患侧对唇裂术后继发鼻畸形无显著影响（P〉0.05）,对唇裂术后继发鼻畸形有影响的因素为年龄（P=0.019）、唇裂严重程度（P=0.000）、唇裂整复术式（P=0.000）、一期鼻整形术（P=0.000）、上颌骨发育（P=0.000）和牙槽突裂（P=0.000）。结论：年龄、原有唇裂畸形的严重程度、唇裂术式选择、一期鼻整形术、上颌骨的发育程度及牙槽突裂是唇裂术后鼻畸形的影响因素。二期鼻整形术前,必须去除上述因素的影响,才能获得理想的术后效果。