Treatment results of chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I (T1N0M0) esophageal carcinoma

PURPOSE: In 1991, we started a clinical prospective trial for operable esophageal carcinoma, foreseeing organ preservation, to assess the treatment results after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for clinical Stage I (T1N0M0) esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2003, 63 patients were enrolled in this study. Tumor depth was mucosal cancer (T1a) in 23 and submucosal cancer (T1b) in 40. CRT consisted of 55-66 Gy/50-60 fractions (median, 59.4 Gy); from 1 to 3 cycles (median, 2) of concurrent chemotherapy (Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil), followed by high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy 10-12 Gy/2-3 fractions. RESULTS: The 5-year overall and cause-specific and disease-free survival rates were 66.4%, 76.3%, and 63.7%, respectively. The 5-year cause-specific survival rates for T1a and T1b cancer patients were 85.2% and 70.0%, respectively (p = 0.06). The 5-year disease-free survival rates for T1a and T1b were 84.4% and 50.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). Esophageal fistula as a late toxicity occurred in 2 patients (G4: 1; G5: 1), and esophageal stricture requiring a liquid diet occurred in 2 patients. Pericardial effusion was observed in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that patients with T1N0M0 esophageal carcinoma had their esophagus preserved in 89.2% of cases after definitive CRT, and the survival rates were equivalent to those of previous reports of surgery.     

晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗+同步放化疗与诱导化疗+放疗疗效比较

目的 比较诱导化疗+同步放化疗与诱导化疗+放疗在T3～4N0～1M0和T1～4N2～3M0期鼻咽癌患者的疗效.方法 对2002-2005年间收治的92分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳa期的400例鼻咽癌患者随机分为诱导化疗+同步放化疗组和诱导化疗+放疗组,其中对T3～4N0～1M0(197例)和T1～4N2～3M0(203例)期分别进行亚组分析.放疗采用常规分割方案,化疗采用氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷+卡铂.结果 中位随访3.9年,随访率96.2%.T3～4N0～1M0期鼻咽癌患者诱导化疗+同步放化疗组(104例)和诱导化疗+放疗组(93例)的3年总生存率、无瘤生存率、无局部区域复发生存率、无远处转移生存率分别为84.0%和85.9%(χ2=0.08,P=0.780)、77.0%和72.0%(χ2=0.44,P=0.510)、89.5%和92.3%(χ2=0.65,P=0.420)、84.9%和77.0%(χ2=1.59,P=0.210);T1～4 N2～3 M0期(97例和106例)的分别为67.4%和82.2%(χ2=3.48,P=0.060)、61.5%和68.0%(χ2=1.86,P=0.170)、86.2%和87.0%(χ2=0.57,P=0.450)、66.2%和75.6%(χ2=2.07,P=0.150).急性毒副反应只有白细胞减少诱导化疗+同步放化疗比诱导化疗+放疗严重,其余相似.结论 采用诱导化疗+同步放化疗方案未能较诱导化疗+放疗进一步提高T3～4N0～1M0、T1～4N2～3M0期鼻咽癌总生存率.     

A long-term follow-up study of survival in stage I (T1N0M0) and stage II (T1N1M0) breast carcinoma

This study was undertaken to investigate the long-term survival and the probability of "cure" in a group of 644 patients treated by mastectomy for T1 breast carcinoma. After a median follow-up of 18.2 years, 23% were dead of recurrent breast carcinoma, 3% were alive with recurrent disease, and 74% had not experienced a recurrence. The probability of recurrence was directly related to the initial extent of the disease. Overall, 16% of recurrences and 25% of deaths due to disease occurred in the second decade of follow-up. The proportion of recurrences detected in the second decade was inversely related to the stage of the primary tumor at diagnosis. When stratified by tumor size, T1N0M0 patients with tumors 1.0 cm or less in diameter had a significantly better 20-year recurrence-free survival (86%) than did T1N0M0 patients with tumors 1.1 to 2.0 cm (69%). When observed and expected survival curves were compared by the method of Brinkley and Haybittle, it appeared that 80% of T1N0M0 patients with tumors 1 cm or less might be cured at 20 years, whereas for those in the 1.1- to 2-cm group, the proportion cured was indeterminate, but might be as high as 70%. A potentially cured group could not be identified among T1N1M0 patients, but an estimated 52% of these patients did not have a recurrence within the nearly 20-year follow-up period. These data are important when one considers the proper role of adjuvant therapy for stage I disease. Patients with tumors larger than 1 cm and those with axillary lymph node metastases may have an improved recurrence-free survival as a result of systemic adjuvant treatment, while women in the T1N0M0 group with an especially favorable recurrence-free survival, particularly those with tumors 1 cm in diameter or smaller, might be spared adjuvant therapy.     

Nonmammary malignant neoplasms in patients with stage I (T1N0M0) and stage II (T1N1M0) breast carcinoma. A long-term follow-up study

We have recently updated the follow-up of 644 women with pathologically determined Stage I (T1N0M0) (474 patients) and Stage II (T1N1M0) (170 patients) breast carcinoma treated by modified or radical mastectomy from 1964 through 1970 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Median follow-up was 18.2 years with over 90% of surviving patients followed for 15.7 years. Recurrences occurred in 166 (26%) with 148 (23%) dead of disease and 18 (3%) alive with recurrence when last seen. A nonmammary malignant neoplasm (NMMN) was confirmed in 86 (13%) of the 644 patients. Of these, 55/86 (64%) were diagnosed after and 27 (32%) were diagnosed before the breast carcinoma. Four patients (5%) had a NMMN before and after the breast carcinoma. The most frequent sites of prior carcinoma were the cervix (n = 8), colon-rectum (n = 7), and oropharynx (n = 5), whereas the more common locations of subsequent NMMN were the ovary (n = 11), colon-rectum (n = 10), lung (n = 9), stomach (n = 6), and lymphoma-leukemia (n = 5). There was not a statistically significant difference in the frequency of subsequent NMMN when patients who received adjuvant radiation were compared with those who received adjuvant thiotepa or no adjuvant therapy. There was no excess of lymphoma or of other NMMN in the treated region or of contralateral breast carcinoma among adjuvant radiation treated patients. The overall hazard rate for subsequent NMMN was 7/1.000 women at risk per year. The risk was fairly stable over the first 15 years of follow-up but rose to 12/1,000 in the 15-20-year period. The observed frequency and time distribution of NMMN were very similar to the expected frequency determined by comparison with a population of age-matched women. Most fatal NMMN arose in the ovaries, stomach, women. Most fatal NMMN arose in the ovaries, stomach, pancreas, and lungs. There were 35 deaths due to NMMN detected subsequent to the diagnosis of breast carcinoma (15% of all cancer deaths and 64% of 55 subsequent NMMN). In this series, subsequent NMMN were as frequent as contralateral breast carcinoma, and they were responsible for seven times more deaths. Hence, an important goal of any follow-up program for breast cancer patients should be the early detection and treatment of NMMN.     

Analysis of the Prognosis for Patients with Stage T3N0-1M0 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated by Chemotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the therapeutic modality and prognostic factors for the patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS The clinical data from 127 cases of T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with initial treatment, during the period from January 4th, 2000 to November 12th, 2001, were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into Group A with simple radiotherapy (90) and Group B with the radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy (37), based on various patients' conditions. In group B, inductive chemotherapy was conducted for 18 cases, inductive chemotherapy plus homochronous chemotherapy for 5 and homochronous chemotherapy for 14. RESULTS The 5-year overall survival (OS) in the groups A and B was 73.4% and 72.3% respectively (P>0.05); the cancer-correlated survival (CCS) in the 2 groups was 76.4% and 72.3% respectively (P>0.05); the disease-free survival (DFS) in group A and B was 65.5% and 71.7% respectively (P<0.05). A multiple analysis showed that the mode of radiation therapy plus chemotherapy was a favorable independent impact factor for DFS. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy can improve the DFS of patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but fails to prolong the survival time of the patients. The modality of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy is not the necessary choice in treatment of patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

后程三维适形放射治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的：评价后程三维适形放射治疗食管癌的疗效。方法：从2003年5月-2005年5月，对70例经病理证实的食管癌患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各35例。对照组采用3个野等中心常规分割，总剂量70Gy，35分次，7周完成。治疗组前程照射方法同对照组，剂量40Gy，20分次，4周完成；后程采用三维适形照射3Gy／次，10分次，2周完成；总剂量70Gy，30分次，6周完成。结果：治疗组和对照组的近期有效率分别为88．6％和77．1％（P〈0．05），1、3年局控率分别为77．1％、57．1％和62．9％、31．4％（P〈0．05），1、3年生存率分别为68．6％、42．9％和54．3％、25．7％（P〈0．05）。两组毒副反应的差异无统计学意义。结论：三维适形放疗食管癌的近、中期结果优于常规方法，急性毒副反应无明显差别。     

卡莫氟联合三维适形放射治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的：研究卡莫氟联合三维适形放射治疗食管癌过程中患者对卡莫氟的耐受性、耐受剂量以及毒副反应与剂量的关系。方法：自２００５年１月～２００６年７月共有６４例食管癌患者,其中４例因卡莫氟的副反应停用,可评价患者６０例。放疗采用三维适形放射治疗。第一剂量组（１４例）卡莫氟１５０ｍｇ／次,每日口服３次;第二剂量组（５０例）卡莫氟２００ｍｇ／次,每日口服３次,放疗全程连续服用。结果：主要的毒副反应为食管炎、血液学毒性和皮肤反应,患者均能耐受。全组ＣＲ８例（１３.３％）,ＰＲ３９例（６５.０％）,ＳＤ９例（１５.０％）,ＰＤ４例（６.７％）,有效率７８.３％（４７／６０）。中位生存时间为１６个月,２年生存率为３０.７％。结论：卡莫氟联合三维适形放射治疗食管癌,采用卡莫氟剂量２００ｍｇ／次、每日３次口服,患者可以耐受。     

pT2-3N0-1M0期胸段食管鳞癌根治术患者的预后分析

目的 探讨pT2-3N0-1M0期胸段食管鳞癌患者根治术后的远期生存情况及其影响因素。方法收集南京医科大学第二附属医院2011年1月至2014年3月经手术病理证实的pT2-3N0-1M0期胸段食管鳞癌127例初治患者的临床及随访资料。采用单因素Kaplan Meier法和多因素Cox风险比例回归模型分析127例接受根治手术患者的总生存期（OS）及其影响因素,应用列线图模型实现对患者个体1、3、5年生存率的数值预估。结果 127例患者术后的1、3、5年生存率分别为81.8％、54.3％、38.4％,中位OS为40.0个月（95％CI：32.285～47.715个月）。Cox多因素分析显示,pT分期（pT2、pT3）、pN分期（pN0、pN1）、有无脉管瘤栓、肿瘤直径（≤3 cm、＞3 cm）是影响根治切除术后OS的独立因素,pT3、pN1、有脉管瘤栓和肿瘤直径＞3 cm分别较对应项的生存期缩短,风险倍数分别为2.207、2.157、1.758和1.607倍（均P＜0.05）。构建的列线图模型能够准确预测pT2-3N0-1M0期胸段食管鳞癌个体根治术后的生存率。结论 pT2-3N0-1M0期胸段食管鳞癌患者根治术后的1、3、5年生存率明显下降,预后差,其生存预后与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、肿瘤直径4个因素密切相关,值得临床继续深入研究。     

食管癌同期放化疗的临床观察

目的:观察中晚期食管癌同期放化疗与单纯放疗的毒副反应及疗效.方法:将中晚期食管癌患者155例分为同期放化疗组77例和单纯放疗组78例,两组患者均接受三维适形放疗或调强放疗,中位处方剂量均为60 Gy.化疗方案为顺铂、5-FU和亚叶酸钙针,于放疗开始的第1、5周同期给予,观察患者治疗完成情况和急性毒副反应及生存率、局控率并进行亚组分析.结果:1)同期组白细胞、血小板、血色素减少情况均高于单放组,P＜0.05.两组≥2级急性放射性食管炎发生率分别为51.95％ (40/77)和24.36％(19/78),x2＝12.510,P=0.000,中重度急性放射性肺炎发生率分别为15.58％(12/77)和3.85％(3/78),x2 =6.108,P=0.013.2)同期组与单放组1、2、3和4年局控率和总生存率差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.亚组分析未寻找到加入同期化疗后局控和生存获益的患者.3)局部控制失败仍然是患者死亡的主要原因,同期组与单放组死于远处转移患者的比率分别为28.6％( 10/35)和32.6％(14/43),x2=0.144,P=0.704.结论:食管癌精确放疗联合同期化疗有可能出现较重的毒副反应,患者总生存率、局控率及中位生存期有提高的趋势,但均未达统计学差异,临床价值需要进一步探讨.     

三维适形与调强放疗治疗食管癌的临床对照研究

目的:探讨三维适形(3D-CRT)与调强放疗(IMRT)治疗T4期食管癌的疗效及预后因素.方法:170例T4期食管癌接受3D-CRT或IMRT,放疗剂量DT 54～70 Gy.采用前程常规后程3D-CRT者35例,全程3D-CRT者88例,IMRT者47例.SPSS 11.5软件进行预后分析.结果:全组放疗后食管造影评价CR 52例,PR 105例,NR 13例,总有效率(CR+PR)为92.4％(157/170);1、3年总生存率分别为61.2％和25.2％,中位生存期15.4个月.后程3D-CRT、全程3D-CRT和IMRT组1、3年生存率(x2=0.89,P=0.641)和局部无复发生存率(x2=0.24,P=0.886)差异均无统计学意义.分层分析结果显示,仅有淋巴结转移者后程3D-CRT与IMRT(x2=4.91,P=0.027)、胸中下段癌后程3D-CRT与全程3D-CRT(x2 =4.25,P=0.039)以及后程3D-CRT与IMRT(x2=4.35,P=0.033),亚组间1、3年生存率差异有统计学意义;其余各因素3组间比较生存率差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.全组预后COX分析结果显示,仅食管原发肿瘤部位、淋巴结转移和近期疗效为独立预后因素.结论:IMRT与3D-CRT治疗T4食管癌,生存优势不明显;原发肿瘤部位、淋巴结转移及近期疗效影响T4食管癌预后,结果有待进一步前瞻性研究证实.     

100例食管癌三维适形放疗疗效分析

%(χ2 =7.82,P=0.005).结论 食管癌3DCRT疗效确切,与历史资料比较局部控制率和生存率均有明显提高,治疗失败的主要原因仍然是局部未控制和复发,其次是远处转移.肿瘤穿透食管侵及邻近器官者治疗后穿孔、出血及远处转移的风险明显高于T分期较早者.     

132例食管癌三维适形放疗的疗效分析

目的 分析和评估三维适形放疗技术对食管癌患者的疗效及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾分析3年间采用三维适形放疗的132例未手术食管癌患者的临床资料,分析其生存率、局部控制率和影响预后的因素.结果 全组1、3、4年局部控制率分别为65.4.5%、52.9%、52.9%.全组1、3、4年生存率分别为50.7%、29.9%、25.7%,中位生存期为13个月.Ⅰ-Ⅲ期食管癌1、2、3、4年生存率分别为56.7%、36.7%、33.3%、30.3%,Ⅳ期1、2年生存率分别为35.2%、14.7%,没有3年生存,中位生存时间分别为15个月和9个月(x2=8.17,P=0.004).肿瘤长度≤8.0 cm、分期均为Ⅰ-Ⅲ期、疗前没有穿孔征象、接受全程三维适形放疗的1、3、4年生存率分别为67.6%、46.3%、40.6%,中位生存时间为27个月.单因素分析显示疗前进食情况、穿孔征象、病变长度、TNM分期、疗后食管x线片评价是影响预后的因素.多因素分析显示穿孔征象、肿瘤长度是独它预后因素.结论 三维适形放疗能明显提高部分食管癌患者的局部控制率和生存率.疗前是否有穿孔征象、肿瘤长度是影响预后的独立因素.     

临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.     

临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值

目的 比较3种非手术临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值.方法 回顾分析2001-2007年接受三维适形放疗的179例食管鳞癌患者临床资料,分别采用食管癌UICC2003分期、我国食管癌协作组分期(协作组分期)和本科分期(祝氏分期)方法进行临床分期,比较其一致性(Kappa系数分析)和对放疗预后判断的价值.结果 全组患者的协作组T分期与祝氏T分期一致性一般(Kappa=0.271),祝氏T分期偏早;协作组TNM分期与祝氏TNM分期一致性也一般(Kappa=0.167),协作组TNM分期偏早.98例患者的UICC-T分期与协作组T分期一致性一般(Kappa=0.261),协作组T分期偏早;UICC-T分期与祝氏T分期一致性更一般(Kappa=0.045),祝氏T分期明显偏早;UICC-TNM分期与祝氏TNM分期一致性最好(Kappa=0.597),UICC-TNM分期与协作组TNM分期一致性一般(Kappa=0.299),协作组TNM分期总体偏早.多因素分析均显示UICC分期、协作组分期和祝氏分期中T分期(χ2=11.58、26.00、51.05,P均＜0.01)、N分期(χ2=15.28、16.10、16.10,P均＜0.01)、M分期(χ2值分别为5.59、27.78、27.78,P均＜0.01)和临床TNM分期(χ2=15.77、34.35、51.10,P均＜0.01)为独立预后因素,UICC分期中T1～T3期难以准确分期且T1～T3期预后相似.结论 3种食管癌临床分期均能用于食管癌放疗预后评价,协作组分期和祝氏分期方法值得进一步推广应用,但准确性有待进一步提高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.     

鼻咽癌T3N0-1M0期单纯放疗和同期放化疗疗效回顾分析

 目的　回顾分析T3N0~1M0期鼻咽癌患者临床资料,探讨单纯放射治疗与同期放化疗两种治疗方式与预后的关系。方法　中山大学肿瘤防治中心2004年1月至12月收治的经病理学证实的初治鼻咽癌患者781例,均有完整鼻咽和颈部MRI资料,且均无远处转移。按照2008中国鼻咽癌分期标准重新分期,82例行单纯放疗或同期放化疗的T3N0~1M0期患者入组,分为单纯放疗（A组）46例,同时期放化疗（B组）36例。结果　两组患者的临床资料具有可比性,单因素分析显示A组和B组的5年总生存（OS）率分别为93.5 %和100 %（P＝0.046）,5年无瘤生存（DFS）率分别为85.2 %和91.7 %（P＝0.498）。N分期是鼻咽癌DFS的影响因素（P＝0.026）。分层分析显示：T3N0M0期患者A组和B组5年OS率分别为94.7 %和100 %（P＝0.432）;T3N1M0期A组和B组5年OS率分别为92.6 %和100 %（P＝0.066）;T3N1M0期A组和B组5年DFS率分别为73.7 %和89.3 %（P＝0.244）。多因素分析显示,同期放化疗不是 T3N0~1M0期鼻咽癌患者OS的独立预后因素（HR＝0.019;95 % CI 0～21.793）,N分期不是影响T3N0~1M0期鼻咽癌患者DFS的独立预后因素（HR＝0.203;95 % CI 0.135～1.231×104）。结论　T3N0M0期患者同期放化疗与单纯放疗疗效无差异, T3N1M0期患者行同期放化疗能否改善生存有待进一步研究。     

食管癌伴区域淋巴结转移三维适形与调强放疗疗效初步比较

目的 比较食管癌伴区域淋巴结转移(N1期)患者三维适形放疗(3DCRT)和调强放疗(IMRT)疗效及预后影响因素.方法 2001-2008年间112例N1期食管癌中60例接受3DCRT、52例接受IMRT,全组放疗总处方剂量DT56 Gy～70 Gy分28 ～ 35次5.6～7.0周完成.58例行顺铂、氟尿嘧啶为基础的化疗,其中40例同期放化疗、18例序贯放化疗.结果 全组放疗后总有效率为98.2％,其中3DCRT和IMRT的分别为96.7％和100％(x2=1.77,P=0.184).随访率为99.1％,其中随访满2、3年者分别为68、53例.全组1、3年总生存率、中位生存期分别为62.5％、23.7％、17.0个月.3DCRT和IMRT的1、3年总生存率、中位生存期分别为52％、19％、12.4个月和75％、40％、17.0个月(x2=4.74,P=0.030),1、3年无复发生存率分别为64％、45％和72％、59％(x2=2.27,P=0.132).Logrank单因素分析显示女性、≤65岁、颈胸上段癌、食管造影病变长度＞5 cm、瘤体CT最大径≤4 cm、T4期、疗前进半流及流食者的生存率IMRT明显高于3DCRT(x2=4.63、5.56、7.19、5.08、4.43、4.48、8.25,P=0.031、0.018、0.007、0.025、0.035、0.034、0.004),而男性、＞65岁、胸中下段癌、造影病变≤5 cm、CT瘤体最大直径＞4 cm、T1-3期、疗前进普食、化疗(是/否)、放疗剂量(＜66Gy/≥66 Gy)的生存率IMRT与3DCRT均无差别(x2=1.28、0.27、0.17、0.03、1.98、0.01、0.43、2.45、1.73、1.24、2.64,P=0.258、0.602、0.684、0.859、0.160、0.973、0.511、0.117、0.189、0.234、0.104).Cox回归模型多因素分析显示只有T分期是影响预后的因素(x2=9.50,P=0.002).结论 N1期食管癌IMRT较3DCRT有一定生存优势,但有待前瞻性研究证实.     

调强放疗联合化疗在T1-2N1M0期鼻咽癌患者中的作用回顾性研究

目的 探索调强放疗(IMRT)联合化疗在治疗T1-2N1M0期鼻咽癌患者中的作用。方法 收集2008—2016年间浙江省肿瘤医院和中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受根治性治疗的T1-2N1M0期鼻咽癌患者343例。所有患者均接受IMRT,分为单纯放疗组(RT组)和放化疗组(CRT组),后者又分为同步放化疗组(CCRT组)、诱导化疗+同步放化疗组(IC+CCRT组)和同步放化疗+辅助化疗组(CCRT+AC组)。采用Kaplan-Meier法评价局部区域无复发生存率(LRFFS)、远处无转移生存率(DMFS)、无进展生存率(PFS)、肿瘤特异生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)。Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 303例存活患者的中位随访时间为91个月(49~138个月)。CRT组∶RT组的5年OS、CSS、PFS、LRFFS、DMFS均相近(93.7%∶93.9%、93.7%∶93.9%、89.0%∶87.7%、93.8%∶92.8%、93.8%∶91.2%,均P>0.05)。T1N1期和T2N1期亚组分析也显示CRT组与RT组的治疗结果均相近(均P>0.05)。多因素分析显示只有年龄是OS、PFS、CSS和DMFS的独立预后因素,随年龄增长与上述结局呈负相关。CCRT组、IC+CCRT组、CCRT+AC组与RT组的治疗结局均未给患者带来生存获益,且上述3种联合治疗方式之间的疗效也相近(均P>0.05)。结论 T1-2N1M0期鼻咽癌患者接受单纯IMRT获得了满意的治疗效果,预后与联合化疗相当。但未来是否可在T1-2N1M0期人群中取消化疗仍需要前瞻性随机对照临床试验的进一步证实。     

T3N0M0期胸段食管鳞癌术后复发或转移的挽救治疗分析

目的 分析T₃N₀M₀期胸段食管鳞癌术后复发或转移者挽救治疗的疗效及影响因素。方法 回顾2008—2009年间第四医院收治的T₃N₀M₀期胸段食管鳞癌术后复发或转移者108例,其中局部区域复发59例、远处转移26例、局部复发+远处转移23例。复发后支持治疗53例,挽救性放疗32例、化疗9例、放化疗14例。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 随访率100%。全组复发后1、3、4年OS率和中位OS期分别为29.9%、16.5%、14.4%和6个月。单因素分析显示复发方式和挽救治疗与复发后OS有关(P=0.017、0.000),多因素分析显示仅挽救治疗是影响复发后OS的唯一因素(P=0.000)。与支持治疗相比,复发后化疗、放疗和放化疗能使死亡风险分别下降约76.7%、76.7%和86.1%。结论 T₃N₀M₀期胸段食管鳞癌术后复发后疗效不佳,挽救治疗能明显改善复发后OS。     

Long-term outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for Japanese patients with T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer

Background

The outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NAHT) in Japanese patients with T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer, with initiation of salvage hormonal therapy (SHT) at a relatively early phase, were analyzed.

Methods

Fifty-nine Japanese patients with T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer who received radical 3D-CRT between January 1999 and January 2003 were evaluated. The median age, initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and duration of NAHT were: 72 years, 9.4 ng/ml, and 6 months, respectively. Seventy Gy was given in 35 fractions confined to the prostate ± seminal vesicles. AHT was not administered after 3D-CRT in any patients.

Results

The median follow-up period was 89 months. The median PSA value at the time of initiation of SHT was 4.7 ng/ml (range 0.1?C21.6 ng/ml). The overall, disease-specific, PSA failure-free (based on the Phoenix definition), and SHT-free survival rates at 8 years were 82.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 72.4?C93.2), 100%, 62.4% (47.1?C77.8), and 82.6% (71.3?C94.0), respectively. Only one patient developed grade 3 late toxicity.

Conclusions

The PSA control rates in our series of Japanese patients with stage T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer treated with the standard dose of 3D-CRT combined with NAHT seemed at least comparable to those reported from Western countries; as well, the patients had excellent outcomes. The present outcomes can be used as basic data for evaluating the impact of dose escalation with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for Japanese patients with prostate cancer in the future.     

Stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy in stage I (T1-2 N0 M0) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Stereotactic Radiotherapy has the potential to produce high local control rates with low risk of severe lung toxicity. From December 2000 to January 2006, 68 inoperable patients (median age 76 years) with stage I NSCLC received definitive hSRT. A mean total dose of 37.5 Gy (24-40 Gy; 60%-isodose) in 3-5 fractions was applied. Immobilisation was carried out by means of a vacuum couch and low pressure foil (Medical Intelligence, Schwab München, Germany). Staging procedures were thoracic and abdominal CT-scan, FDG-PET and CT or MRI of the brain in all patients. Clinical target volume was the tumor as seen in lung windowing of CT and in FDG-PET. Organ movements (6-22 mm) and patient positioning in the couch (3-12 mm) were added as safety margin for the definition of the planning target volume (PTV), that was enclosed by the 60%-isodose. We observed four (6%) local tumor recurrences, resulting in an actuarial local tumor control rate of 96%, 88% and 88% after 1, 2 and 3 year follow-up. Nineteen patients died, with eight patients due to cancer (12%), two to local tumor progression alone. Cancer-specific survival is 96%, 82% and 73% at 1, 2 and 3 years. Eleven patients died from comorbidities, making a 53% overall 3-year survival. Fifty five percent of the patients were affected by mild acute and subacute side effects, with only 3% experiencing pneumonitis III degrees . Late effects were pneumonitis III degrees in 1%, rib fractures in 3%, and benign pleural effusion in 2 patients. Hypofractionated SRT is safe even in elderly patients with stage I NSCLC and significantly reduced lung capacity. It leads to high local control rates and should be offered to patients not amenable for curative resection.