福善美对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响

目的　评价福善美 (Fosamax)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的近期及中期疗效 ,以及改善骨量作用。方法　绝经 1年以上女性 80名 ,分成 4组 ,A组 :14例 ,年龄 5 4 . 97± 5. 5 1(47～ 6 2 )岁 ,绝经年限≤10年 ,疗程 6个月～ 1年 ;B组 :2 3例 ,年龄 5 5 . 5 5± 3. 6 6 (5 0～ 6 2岁 ) ,绝经年限≤ 10年 ,疗程 1年以上 ;C组 :18例 ,年龄 6 8. 18± 5 . 5 9(5 9～ 78岁 ) ,绝经年限 >10年 ,疗程 6个月～ 1年 ;D组 :2 5例 ,年龄6 7. 2 5± 6 .19(5 2～ 80岁 ,绝经年限 >10年 ,疗程 1年以上。患者每天接受口服福善美 10mg和元素钙5 0 0mg,疗程 6个月～ 2 8年。治疗前、后应用双能X线吸收仪 (HologicQDR 2 0 0 0型 )进行骨密度(BMD)测定。结果　 4组不论绝经年限长短 ,通过 6个月～ 2年以上福善美治疗 ,腰椎BMD平均增加百分率 3 74 %～ 5 4 5 % ,较基础值均有明显增加 (P <0 . 0 0 1) ,4组间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 . 0 5 )。股骨颈部位治疗后BMD平均增加百分率为 0 84 %～ 4 2 1% ,其中绝经年限相同时 ,疗程长者高于短者 ,即B组高于A组 ,D组高于C组 ;疗程相同时 ,绝经年限长者高于短者 ,即C组高于A组 ,D组高于B组 ,但 4组间差异无显著性 (P >0 . 0 5 )。大转子部位治疗后BMD增加平均变化百分率 1 4. 2 %～     

阿伦膦酸盐对绝经后骨质疏松妇女骨密度的影响

为了解阿伦膦酸盐对骨密度的影响及其安全性和耐受性,对２０名绝经后骨质疏松的妇女中进行阿伦膦酸盐（ａｌｅｎｄｒｏｎａｔｅ）１０ｍｇ／天和安慰剂的随机、双盲、前瞻性研究,为期一年。结果显示,１年后阿伦膦酸盐组与安慰剂组相比,骨密度平均增长率：椎骨分别为４．８７％与－０．２３％;股骨颈分别为６．８９％与－１．８４％,（Ｐ＜０．０５）。副反应仅为轻微胃肠道反应。结论：阿伦膦酸盐能有效增加骨密度,且药物安全,耐受性好     

沈阳地区绝经后妇女绝经年限与股骨近端骨密度的关系分析

目的 探讨绝经年限与股骨近端BMD的关系。方法 随机调查沈阳地区285例健康的绝经后妇女，调查其年龄和绝经年限，测量其身高、体重、股骨近端骨密度(BMD)，应用SPSS软件统计分析。结果 随绝经年限的增加股骨近端各部位BMD有下降的趋势，随绝经年限的增加股骨近端各部位BMD下降速度减慢，并且相对而言Neck、Ward’s区的BMD下降速度高于其他部位。以年龄和体重指数(BMI)为协变量，经协方差分析显示Ward’s区BMD与绝经年限具有显著相关，而其他部位无显著相关。结论 对绝经后妇女应注意绝经早期的股骨近端BMD变化。     

太极对预防绝经后女性骨密度的荟萃分析

目的 评价太极对预防绝经后女性骨密度的影响。方法 通过检索数据库搜集太极对绝经后女性骨密度影响的文献。采用Revman5.1软件进行分析,评价指标为骨密度。结果 共纳入7篇文献,5篇随机对照试验提示初学太极的绝经女性经过太极训练后可减少其骨密度的丢失;2篇横断面研究提示长期有规律的进行太极锻炼可预防绝经后女性的骨密度流失。但方法学上存在差异,Meta分析的结果显示,太极未可改善绝经后女性骨密度。结论 目前尚未有足够的证据指出,太极对预防绝经后女性骨密度的影响积极有效。     

绝经后妇女血脂水平与骨密度的关系

目的 明确绝经后妇女血脂水平与骨密度有否联系。方法 测定85例绝经后妇女的甘油三酯和胆固醇水平，双能X线法测定腰椎k2-4和股骨颈的骨密度(BMD)。结果 与未绝经妇女相比，绝经后妇女甘油三酯(t=3．74，P=0．000)和胆固醇(t=3．75，P=0．000)水平均显著升高；而BMD腰椎k(t=2．43，P=0．017)和股骨颈(t=3．32，P=0．002)均显著降低；绝经后妇女甘油三酯水平与股骨颈的BMD经BMI校正后有显著负相关，偏相关系数r=-0．324，P=0．003；而与腰椎k2-4 BMD无相关。胆固醇水平则与股骨颈及腰椎k2-4的BMD均无相关性。结论 绝经后妇女甘油三酯水平的升高可能是绝经后骨量减少及骨质疏松发生的因素之一。     

绝经后骨松患者替勃龙治疗半年骨代谢指标的变化

目的：观察绝经后骨质疏松（ PMOP）患者替勃龙治疗半年骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（ BALP）和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（ TRAP）的变化。方法绝经后女性按双能X线骨密度检查结果分为PMOP组（骨松组, N＝30例）及非骨松组（ N＝30例）,30例育龄期骨密度正常女性为对照组,测定其血清BALP、TRAP水平。骨松组服用替勃龙（2．5 mg／d）6个月,测定治疗前及治疗后3、6月骨密度（ BMD）,治疗前及治疗后1、3、6月血清TRAP、BALP水平变化。结果与对照组比较,绝经后骨松组及非骨松组的血清TRAP、BALP水平均明显升高,差异有显著性（ P＜0．01）;骨松组血清TRAP、BALP水平较非骨松组进一步升高,差异有显著性（ P ＜0．01）。骨松组应用替勃龙治疗3月后 BMD较治疗前增加,但差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）,治疗6月后BMD与治疗前相比显著增加（ P＜0．05）;其血清TRAP、BALP水平在治疗1月后,与治疗前相比较均开始降低,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,治疗3月后,骨代谢指标均下降,差异有显著性（P＜0．01）,治疗6月后,其水平进一步下降（ P＜0．01）。结论骨代谢生化指标TRAP和BALP的检测,可以早期评价骨转换情况,联合BMD测定可以及时监测替勃龙的药物疗效。     

绝经妇女绝经后年限及年龄与骨量丢失率关系

目的探讨绝经后妇女的绝经年限及年龄与骨量丢失率关系。方法1999年5月-2003年4月,对已绝经的1467例妇女进行骨密度测定,并对不同绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年限与骨密度关系进行分析。结果1467例绝经后妇女中,以绝经1-5年期间和40-45岁时各部位骨密度作为基线值比较,绝经已超过35年或年龄大于80岁时各部位骨密度最低。其中按绝经年限腰椎、股骨颈、大转子、华氏三角区在绝经后6-10年间和超过35年时丢失速度最快;按年龄腰椎在56-65岁、股骨颈和华氏三角区在61-65岁、大转子在71-75岁及各部位大于80岁时丢失速度最快。结论绝经后妇女绝经年限及年龄增加,腰椎、股骨颈、粗隆、华氏三角区骨量丢失增加。绝经年限及年龄不同,各部位丢失速度不同。     

腰椎间盘突出对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响。方法随机选择绝经后妇女进行问卷调查,内容包括身高、体重、是否有腰椎间盘突出、生活习惯、健康状况等;用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、髋部骨密度,并利用SPSS 20.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果共筛选入组582例,腰椎间盘突出组133例、腰椎间盘无突出组449例。对各因素与骨质疏松的相关性分析,腰椎间盘突出与腰椎椎体骨密度具有负相关(r=-0.094,P=0.023);两组一般资料比较,日光照射、腰椎骨密度差异比较有统计学意义(P0.05);协方差分析,腰椎间盘无突出组腰椎骨密度(0.734±0.123)g/cm~2明显高于腰椎间盘突出组腰椎骨密度(0.707±0.123)g/cm~2,差异有统计学意义(F=3.968,P=0.047),髋部骨密度差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组骨质疏松患病率比较,腰椎间盘突出组为55.6%,腰椎间盘无突出组为43.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。结论腰椎间盘突出能够引起腰椎骨量流失,是引起骨质疏松发生的影响因素。     

围绝经期及绝经后妇女骨量变化规律的初步分析

目的了解广东省围绝经期及绝经后妇女的骨量变化规律及特点，并分析妇女骨量的有关影响因素，为妇女骨质疏松症的防治提供科学依据。方法在广东居住10年以上的妇女214例，均接受腰椎和股骨上端骨密度测定，并对测量结果进行统计分析。结果妇女腰椎和髋部的骨密度值自围绝经期即开始缓慢下降，绝经以后下降速度加快，其中绝经后前4年内下降迅速，以后则相对缓慢。同时，体重和生育次数可以影响妇女骨密度值。结论妇女各部位骨密度值从围绝经期开始即有不同程度的下降，因此早期对敏感部位进行骨密度检测，并早期治疗，有利于预防骨质疏松性骨折。     

颈动脉内膜中层厚度和绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨绝经后骨质疏松症患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)的差异及CIMT和斑块增大的风险。方法进行横断面研究,包括60位绝经后骨质疏松症妇女和60位非骨质疏松症绝经后妇女。CIMT采用B型超声测量。结果绝经后骨质疏松症妇女与无骨质疏松症妇女的平均CIMT差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。骨质疏松症组CIMT升高的风险与非骨质疏松症组相似。骨质疏松症妇女斑块出现的风险是正常人的三倍。然而,调整了易使妇女患有心血管疾病的年龄和基础疾病后,两组之间斑块的存在并无显着差异(校正比值比=0.85;95%可信区间0.10～6.464)。结论绝经后妇女与无骨质疏松症患者的平均CIMT无差异。绝经后骨质疏松症女性的CIMT升高风险与无骨质疏松症的绝经后妇女相当。两组之间斑块的存在没有显着差异。     

Relations between calcidiol serum levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone density

The relationship between vitamin D and bone density was studied in 150 selected, mature (45–74), postmenopausal women with a lumbar spine Z score below 0. Vitamin D status was evaluated using calcidiol serum levels. Serum calcitriol and parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were also evaluated in some subjects. Bone mass was evaluated by ascertaining bone density and Z and T scores in the lumbar spine and femur region. The reference group consisted of 25 premenopausal women. The postmenopausal group was divided into subgroups according to age, i.e., under or over 60 years old. Additionally, the whole group was also subdivided according to their lumbar spine Z scores into group I (Z>-1), group II (Z<-1; >-2), and group III (Z<-2). Group III of postmenopausal women had higher PTH and lower calcitriol levels than premenopausal women. Calcidiol serum levels were lower in postmenopausal women groups II or III than in the group I and premenopausal women. Calcidiol serum levels and the bone mass values for the lumbar spine were correlated positively in all the postmenopausal women; in the women over 60 years of age, calcidiol levels also correlated with the bone mass values expressed as the bone density in three femur regions: femoral neck, trocanter, and Ward's triangle. In conclusion, mature postmenopausal woman showed high PTH levels and low calcidiol and calcitriol values. Calcidiol status is significantly related to bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and in women over 60 years, calcidiol levels also correlated with bone density in the femur regions.     

Effects of exercise on bone mineral density in calcium-replete postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern. The combination of exercise, hormone replacement therapy, and calcium supplementation may have added benefits for improving bone mineral density compared to a single intervention. To test this notion, 320 healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women, who did or did not use hormone replacement therapy (HRT), were randomized within groups to exercise or no exercise and followed for 12 months. All women received 800 mg calcium citrate supplements daily. Women who exercised performed supervised aerobic, weight-bearing and weight-lifting exercise, three times per week in community-based exercise facilities. Regional bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Women who used HRT, calcium, and exercised increased femoral neck, trochanteric and lumbar spine bone mineral density by approximately 1–2%. Trochanteric BMD was also significantly increased by ~1.0% in women who exercised and used calcium without HRT compared to a negligible change in women who used HRT and did not exercise. The results demonstrate that regional BMD can be improved with aerobic, weight-bearing activity combined with weight lifting at clinically relevant sites in postmenopausal women. The response was significant at more sites in women who used HRT, suggesting a greater benefit with hormone replacement and exercise compared to HRT alone.     

阿仑膦酸钠治疗绝经后骨质疏松性骨痛的研究

目的 观察用阿仑膦酸钠治疗６０例绝经后妇女的骨质疏松有痛的疗效。方法 对照阿仑膦酸钠使用６个月前后疼痛,骨密度的变化。结果 经治疗６个月后效果良好,骨痛缓解有效率达９３．３％,骨密度增加显,－／ｘ±ｓ由用药前的０．４６７ｇ／ｃｍ＾２±０．０３６增加到用药后的０．５２８ｇ／ｃｍ＾２±０．０３７,Ｐ〈０．０１。结论 阿仑膦酸钠通过抑制骨吸收的作用使失衡的骨代谢得以恢复,为治疗绝经后骨质疏松提供了一个     

Skin thickness does not reflect bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Skin and bone both contain primarily type I collagen in connective tissue matrices and are assumed to be related due to this common organic constituent. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether skin thickness measurements by ultrasound (US) could be used for screening for low bone mass. In 94 healthy, white, non-smoking women, 1–3 years postmenopause, the thickness of the skin of the left upper arm and forearm was measured by ultrasound (US). These measurements were compared with values of bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the lumbar spine and quantitative video micro-densitometry (QMD) of the hand. The correlation found between US skin thickness measurements and BMD results was of low magnitude and not significant. It is concluded that US measurements of skin thickness cannot be used to screen early postmenopausal women for low bone mass.     

The relationship between bone mineral density and ultrasound in postmenopausal and osteoporotic women

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to use a novel method of data analysis to demonstrate that patients with osteoporosis have significantly lower ultrasound results in the heel after correcting for the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) measured in the spine or hip. Three groups of patients were studied: healthy early postmenopausal women, within 3 years of the menopause (n=104, 50%), healthy late postmenopausal women, more than 10 years from the menopause (n=75, 36%), and a group of women with osteoporosis as defined by WHO criteria (n=30, 14%). Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and Stiffness were measured using a Lunar Achilles heel machine, and BMD of the lumbar spine and left hip was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). SOS, BUA and Stiffness were regressed against lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD for all three groups combined. The correlation coefficients were in the range 0.52–0.58, in agreement with previously published work. Using a calculated ratio R, analysis of variance demonstrated that the ratio was significantly higher in the osteoporotic group compared with the other two groups. This implied that heel ultrasound values are proportionately lower in the osteoporotic group compared with the other two groups for an equivalent value of lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD. We conclude that postmenopausal bone loss is not associated with different ultasound values once lumbar spine or femoral neck BMD is taken into account. Ultrasound does not give additional information about patterns of bone loss in postmenopausal patients but is important in those patients with osteoporosis and fractures.     

安徽地区绝经后妇女雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨安徽地区绝经后妇女雌激素受体（ER）基因多态性的分布及其与骨密度的相关性。方法随机选择288名安徽合肥地区健康绝经后妇女，运用双能X线骨密度吸收法（DEXA）测定腰椎和股骨颈、大转子骨密度（BMD），并采用PCR-RFLP（聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性）法分析ER基因多态性，并分析其相关性。结果安徽地区绝经后妇女ER基因型分布频率PP（13．2％）、Pp（45．8％）、pp（40．9％），XX（5．21％）、Xx（31．6％）、xx（63．2％），联合PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ这两种基因型后得到：PPXX（5．6％），PPXx（3．8％），PPxx（6．3％），PpXX（1．4％），PpXx（23．3％），Ppxx（25％），ppxx（34．7％），未检测到ppXX及ppXx型。PvuⅡ多态性与绝经后妇女腰椎BMD相关，PP基因型腰椎BMD显著低于pp和Pp基因型（P〈0．05），ER基因P等位基因是一种有益于骨量的基因型。XbaⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女各部位BMD间无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。联合分析PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女BMD相关性发现，有Px单倍型的妇女腰椎部位的BMD显著低于无此单倍型的妇女（P〈0．01）。结论ER基因PVuⅡ多态性与绝经后妇女腰椎BMD有相关性，PP基因型妇女腰椎BMD减低，而具有Px单倍型的ER基因可能对BMD有不利影响。     

Determinants of bone mineral density in Chinese-American women

Summary Few data are available regarding bone mineral density (BMD) and its determinants among Chinese Americans. We identified determinants of BMD among 359 Chinese-American women in order to identify risk factors for low BMD in this burgeoning population. BMD in Chinese-American women is influenced by a number of factors, including immigration. Introduction Osteoporosis and low BMD are common among Chinese women, including Chinese Americans, who are a growing population at risk for osteoporosis in the US. Few data are available regarding BMD and its determinants among Chinese-American women. Methods In this study, we examined predictors of BMD in 359 ambulatory Chinese-American women, ages 20–90, using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Variables in the model included age, weight, height, menarche age, years since menopause, immigration age, years in US, percentage of life in US, number of pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, family history of osteoporosis, family history of hip fracture, daily calcium intake, exercise, time outdoors, alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Results Among premenopausal women, weight was the strongest predictor of BMD, accounting for 10.5% of the variance at the lumbar spine (LS), 15.2% at the total hip (TH) and 16.6% at the femoral neck (FN). Time outdoors was also a positive predictor of BMD (1.4% at LS, 2.8% at TH and 1.6% at FN), while family history of osteoporosis (1.4% at TH) and age (3.7% at FN) were negative predictors. Among postmenopausal women, greater BMD at the LS and TH was associated with greater weight and earlier immigration age. Weight accounted for 16.4% of the variance at the LS and 19.8% at the TH; immigration age accounted for 3.1% of the variance at the LS and 4.1% at the TH. At the FN, years since menopause and weight were predictors of BMD, accounting for 14.4% and 8.7% of the variance, respectively. While older age at immigration had a negative effect on BMD, years in and proportion of life in the United States were not significant predictors of BMD. Conclusions Bone mineral density in Chinese-American women is influenced by a number of biological and lifestyle factors, including immigration. The results of this study provide new insights into risk factors for low bone density as they relate to environmental determinants in the growing population of Chinese-American women.     

绝经后女性骨密度与腰椎间盘退变的相关性分析

目的:观察绝经后女性腰椎和髋部骨密度与腰椎间盘退变的关系。方法:回顾性统计2017年12月～2018年12月因腰痛在我院脊柱外科门诊及住院的229例绝经后女性患者,记录患者年龄、身高、体重、糖尿病史、高血压病史、饮酒史、吸烟史等,采用双能X线骨密度测量仪检查患者腰椎椎体(L1～L4)骨密度和髋部平均骨密度,记录相应的T值,每例患者同时行腰椎MRI检查。根据骨密度T值≥-1.0为正常,-2.5 2 vs 24.72±2.96kg/...     

利塞膦酸钠干预绝经后妇女骨量的研究(附223例报告）

目的评价口服利塞膦酸钠对绝经后妇女骨量变化的干预作用。方法223名绝经后妇女随机分为两组:A组(利塞膦酸钠,5mg/d,口服)和B组(安慰剂,每天1片),所有患者每天补充钙剂500mg和维生素D200IU,治疗1年。腰椎和髋部(包括股骨颈、转子间和Ward三角)骨量双能X骨密度测量分别于治疗前、治疗6个月和12个月时进行。结果所有患者为骨量减少,治疗前患者的一般情况和骨量两组间无差异。治疗结束后,利塞膦酸钠组患者腰椎和股骨颈的骨量较安慰剂对照组明显上升(P<0.05)。结论口服利塞膦酸钠可显著提高腰椎和髋部骨量,有效防治绝经后骨质疏松。     

The effect of low-dose cyclical etidronate and calcium on bone mass in early postmenopausal women

This 2-year study was carried out in 36 healthy women of mean age 53.9±3.8 (SD) years and 3.4±2.3 years postmenopausal. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine, measured by single-energy quantitative computed tomographic scanning, gave a mean initial value of 110±26 mg/ml. The women were divided randomly into group 1 (n=11), calcium 600 mg/day; group 2 (n=15), calcium plus etidronate sodium 400 mg/day for 14 days every 3 months; and group 3 (n=10), calcium plus etidronate plus phosphate, the 14-day etidronate course being preceded by phosphate 1 g twice daily for 3 days. During the first year of the study BMD decreased by 6.0±5.8% (p<0.005) in group 1 subjects and increased by 4.5±7.8% (p<0.005) in the combined etidronate-treated groups (difference between control and treatedp<0.001). Inclusion of phosphate in the regimen did not affect the response to etidronate. In the second year there was no significant mean change in BMD in any of the three groups. However, whilst there was little change in BMD values for most of the group 1 subjects, there was considerable variation in individual response within the etidronate-treated groups, with some subjects gaining and some losing bone. The change in BMD during the second year in the subjects as a whole was highly correlated with the change in plasma calcium after 3 months of treatment (r=0.60,p<0.001). Low-dose cyclical etidronate prevents postmenopausal bone loss during the first year of its administration, but was no more effective than calcium supplements during the second year. The positive correlation between early change in plasma calcium and second-year change in BMD, and the reduced bone loss in the second year in the subjects having only calcium supplements, are consistent with a beneficial effect of calcium supplements.