血小板源生生长因子刺激血管平滑肌细胞增殖及其分子机制

目的：探讨血小板源生生长因子（PDGF－BB）刺激血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）增殖及其分子机制。方法：用Western Blot法测定p44/p42 CCDPK活性。[^3H]脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入测定VSMC DNA合成。原位杂交检测c-myc mRNA的表达。结果：PDGFBB诱导的磷酸化CCDPK蛋白表达和[^3H]脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入呈浓度依赖性,此作用可被PTK抑制剂Genistein,外钙络合剂依他酸和MEK抑制剂PD 98059抑制。PDGF－BB刺激可引起c-myc mRNA的明显表达,此作用可被PD 98059抑制。结论：PDGF－BB通过激活p44/p42 CCDPK,上调c-myc mRNA的表达从而促进VSMC增殖,其作用是由PTK和Ca^2 介导的。     

丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶反义寡核苷酸对p42/p44,p38和JNK激酶的靶向选择性及其对血管平滑肌细胞DNA合成的抑制作用

目的:探讨丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)反义寡核苷酸对血清诱导的培养大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的选择性及序列依赖性抑制作用。方法:用脂质体将p42-和p44-MAPK反义寡核苷酸转染入大鼠血管平滑肌细胞,设正义及随机寡核苷酸对照,20％血清刺激后,用Western Blot法测定总p44/p42-MAPK、p38 MAPK及JNKs蛋白水平及磷酸化MAPK表达。[~3H]胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入测定平滑肌细胞DNA合成。结果:MAPK反义寡核苷酸能明显抑制血清诱导的血管平滑肌细胞总MAPK蛋白水平及磷酸化MAPK蛋白表达,对p38 MAPK及JNKs表达无影响,并能明显抑制[~3H]胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入。结论:针对p42-和p44-MAPK起始部位设计的17-mer反义寡核苷酸能选择性及序列依赖性地抑制血清诱导的血管平滑肌细胞的增殖。     

Effect of antisense mitogen-activated protein kinase oligonucleotides on rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by EGF in vitro

目的：探讨丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）对表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）诱导的培养大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增生的抑制作用．方法：用脂质体将ｐ４２和ｐ４４ＭＡＰＫＯＤＮ０．２μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１转染入大鼠血管平滑肌细胞，设正义及随机ＯＤＮ为对照，用ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ法结合Ｐ８１滤纸法以髓磷脂碱性蛋白为底物测定ＭＡＰＫ活性．［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入测定平滑肌细胞ＤＮＡ合成．结果：ＭＡＰＫ０ＤＮ能明显抑制ＥＧＦ诱导的ＭＡＰＫ蛋白表达及ＭＡＰＫ活性，并明显抑制血管平滑肌细胞的［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入．结论：针对ｐ４２和ｐ４４ＭＡＰＫ起始部位设计的１７ｍｅｒＯＤＮ能有效抑制ＥＧＦ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞的增生．     

丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶反义寡核苷酸抑制表皮生长因子诱导体外 …

目的：探讨丝裂素活化的蛋白激酶（ＮＡＰＫ）反义寡核苷（ＯＤＮ）对表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）诱导的培养大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增生的抑制作用。方法：用脂质体将Ｐ４２－和Ｐ４４－ＭＡＰＫ ＯＤＮ０．２μｍｏｌˉＬ＾－１转染入大鼠血管平滑肌细胞，设正义及随机ＯＤＮ为对照，用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔ法结合Ｐ－８１滤纸法以髓磷脂碱性蛋白为底物测定ＭＡＰＫ活性。［＾３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入测定平滑肌细胞ＤＮＡ合成。结果     

藻蓝蛋白抑制血管平滑肌细胞过度增殖性管腔狭窄的机制研究

目的联合体内外实验,探讨钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白(C-PC)抑制血管平滑肌细胞过度增殖、血管损伤后内膜增生和管腔狭窄的作用和机制。方法培养大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞,用不同浓度的藻蓝蛋白进行干预,用氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-TdR)参入率检测血管平滑肌细胞DNA合成和增殖状态,用Western blot和图像分析方法检测细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子P21、P27的表达。构建大鼠胸主动脉球囊损伤后再狭窄动物模型,用藻蓝蛋白进行灌胃干预,术后14d取胸主动脉应用HE染色、免疫组化和计算机图像分析仪进行形态学、肌动蛋白(SM-α-actin)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、P21、P27表达水平检测。结果胎牛血清诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖活跃,P21、P27低表达;藻蓝蛋白明显促进P21、P27蛋白表达,明显抑制胎牛血清诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖和DNA合成。大鼠胸主动脉球囊损伤后,平滑肌细胞向内膜迁移、过度增殖、形成明显的新生内膜,导致管腔狭窄,SM-α-actin免疫组化证实新生内膜富含平滑肌细胞,PCNA高表达的同时P21、P27处于低表达水平;藻蓝蛋白干预后明显促进P21、P27基因表达,下调PCNA表达,抑制新生内膜形成、病理性血管重构,从而明显抑制管腔狭窄。结论钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白具有抑制血管平滑肌细胞过度增殖、血管损伤后管腔狭窄的作用,其机制与促进细胞周期关键调节因子P21、P27基因表达有关。     

Fas配体基因对大鼠颈动脉损伤后血管中层平滑肌细胞密度的影响

目的:探讨腺病毒载体介导Fas配体(FasL)基因导入对大鼠颈动脉损伤后血管中层平滑肌细胞密度的影响。方法:实验分治疗组(Ad-FasL组)和正常对照组两组(Ad-βgal组),每组动物均为6只。利用重组腺病毒载体分别将Ad-FasL、Ad-βgal导入大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤的内膜,3、14d后观察其对血管中层平滑肌细胞密度的影响。结果:与正常对照组相比较,通过腺病毒载体介导导入FasL基因的被球囊损伤的大鼠颈动脉,3d后损伤血管中层平滑肌细胞密度降低,14d后血管中层平滑肌细胞密度恢复到正常水平。结论:FasL可抑制血管中层平滑肌细胞密度,从而抑制球囊损伤后的内膜增生。     

雷帕霉素抑制增生内膜中基质细胞衍生因子-1的表达

目的：进一步探讨雷帕霉素抗血管内再狭窄的分子机制。方法：球囊拉伤大鼠颈总动脉建立血管内膜增生的动物模型,口服雷帕霉素（25mg/kg）,4周后处死动物。HE染色观测血管病变,免疫组化检测增生内膜中基质细胞衍生因子-1（SDF-1）的表达,小室迁移系统观察SDF-1对平滑肌细胞迁移的影响。结果：球囊拉伤明显诱导血管内膜增生,增生内膜中有明显的SDF-1的表达,雷帕霉素能显著下调增生内膜中SDF-1的表达,而SDF-1浓度依赖性地诱导平滑肌细胞的迁移。结论：雷帕霉素可能通过下调SDF-1的表达从而抑制血管再狭窄。     

川芎嗪对家兔主动脉损伤平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用(英文)

目的:探讨川芎嗪对主动脉球囊损伤平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法:20只新西兰大白兔行主动脉球囊术。以川芎嗪(40mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),iv)共21天(术前7天,术后14天)处理的兔血清,或直接加入培养基,检测对原代培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞[~3H]胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入的影响。并对血管壁组织切片显微测量内膜厚度和管径。结果:球囊扩张处内膜厚度(77±23)μm和管腔狭窄(877±118)μm均较邻近正常处显著增加[分别为,(41±13)μm,P<0.01;(1033±175)μm,P<0.05],而川芎嗪显著降低损伤后内膜的增厚(56±16)μm,(P<0.05)和管腔的变窄(1023±157)μm,(P<0.05)。用川芎嗪治疗后血清培养主动脉平滑肌细胞,显示对[~3H]胸腺嘧啶核苷酸掺入明显抑制,直接加川芎嗪入培养基对掺入抑制呈剂量依赖[(40-4000)μg/well]。结论:川芎嗪对家兔主动脉球囊损伤平滑肌细胞增殖有显著抑制。     

胰岛素-反义c-myb-硫代磷酸寡脱氧核苷酸对大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的研究新制剂胰岛素 反义c myb 硫代磷酸寡脱氧核苷酸 (PS ODN)对平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞 (SMC)置DMEM中培养。用 2 0 %胎牛血清刺激SMC快速增殖。胰岛素与反义c myb PS ODN在一定条件下 ,如反应液、pH、温度、离子浓度 ,共孵育形成交联物。通过高效液相色谱定性和纯化该交联物。用3H TdR掺入率反映SMC增殖抑制效率。结果在加 2 0 %FBS的DMEM中生长的SMC胰岛素结合力明显增强。交联物胰岛素 反义c myb PS ODN对SMC增殖的抑制作用比单纯反义c myb PS ODN的抑制作用强 ,抑制效率分别为 4 8.3 %和 2 9.5 %。结论胰岛素受体靶向途径可能为一种治疗再狭窄的有效方法。     

重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠动脉内皮损伤后再狭窄的影响

目的：探讨重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（rh-bFGF)对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄的预防效果。方法：用2F球囊导管造成大鼠左颈总动脉内皮损伤。治疗组每天im rh-bFGF 10kU/kg.分别于术后7天和14天,每组各处死大鼠10只,取左颈总动脉进行[^3H]胸腺嘧啶掺入测定和病理形态学检查。结果：在第7天和第14天时,与模型对照组相比,rh-bFGF治疗组颈总动脉平均新生内膜厚度明显变薄;平均中膜面积缩小;平滑肌细胞和弹力板层数减少;胶原含量及[^3H]胸腺嘧啶掺入量也比模型对照组明显降低。结论：适当应用rh-bFGF有抑制气囊损伤后动脉新生内膜增厚,降低再狭窄发生的作用。     

CCDPK反义寡核苷酸抑制bFGF诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖(英文)

AIM: To investigate the role of Ca(2+)-calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCDPK) on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and the inhibitory effect of antisense CCDPK oligonucleotides (ODN). METHODS: Before being exposed to bFGF, cultured rat VSMC CCDPK activity was inhibited by pretreatment with either a phosphorothioate-protected 17-mer antisense CCDPK ODN-directed against the initiation of translation sites of the p42 and p44 CCDPK isoform or with CCDPK kinase inhibitor PD98059. All ODN were introduced into cells by liposomal transfection. DNA synthesis was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. P44- and p42-CCDPK protein expression and phosphorylation were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: PD98059 inhibited bFGF-induced phosphorylation of CCDPK and DNA synthesis. Antisense CCDPK ODN 0.2-0.8 mumol.L-1 reduced both p44- and p42-CCDPK expression and phosphorylation of CCDPK in a concentration-dependent manner and DNA synthesis induced by bFGF. Lipofectin alone or sense and random CCDPK ODN did not affect p44- and p42-CCDPK protein expression or bFGF-induced phosphorylation of CCDPK or DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION: bFGF-stimulated rat VSMC proliferation is mediated by CCDPK. The antisense CCDPK ODN can inhibit bFGF-induced VSMC proliferation through down-regulating p44- and p42-CCDPK level.     

Target selectivity of MAPK phosphorothioate antisense ODN on p42/p44, p38 MAPK, and JNK protein expression and its inhibitory effect on VSMC DNA synthesis.

AIM: To analyze the target selective and sequence-specific inhibitory effect of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) on p42/p44, p38 MAPK, c-jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNK) protein expression, and DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). METHODS: Using a phosphorothioate-protected 17-mer antisense MAPK ODN directed against the initiation of translation sites of the p42/p44 MAPK isoforms by liposomal transfection to deplete cultured rat, rabbit, and fetal calf VSMC MAP kinases. The 17-mer sense and random sequence MAPK ODN were used as controls. After liposomal transfection, cells were exposed to 20% serum for 24 h, and then harvested in lysis buffer. P42/p44, p38 MAPK, and p46/p58 JNK protein expression were measured by Western blot. DNA synthesis was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: Treatment with MAPK antisense ODN (0.1-0.8 mumol.L-1) for 48 h reduced phosphored p42/p44 MAPK protein expression but without effect on p38 MAPK and JNK expression, and inhibited cultured rat, rabbit, and fetal calf VSMC [3H]thymidine incorporation stimulated by 20% serum in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The MAPK antisense ODN target-selectively and sequence-specifically reduces the p42/p44 MAPK protein expression and concentration-dependently inhibits proliferation of rat, rabbit and fetal calf VSMC.     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶参与血小板源生长因子刺激的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖(英文)

选择大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞作为细胞模型 ,观察丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 ( MAPK)信号通路在血小板源生长因子 ( PDGF)诱导的血管平滑肌细胞( VSMC)增殖中的作用。用 [3 H]Td R参入率作为衡量 VSMC增殖的指标 ,以 Western-印迹方法 ,用磷酸化一抗测 MAPK磷酸化的程度作为衡量 MAPK活性的指标 ,实验结果发现 ,PDGF( 0 .0 2 - 2 0μg·L-1)诱导 VSMC增殖呈剂量依赖性。 PDGF( 2μg· L-1)能持续性激活 MAPK。用 PD980 59( 1 0 -1 0 0 mol· L-1)预处理 1 5min后 ,MAPK活性较对照组均有明显差别 ( P<0 .0 5) .MAPK反义寡核苷酸能明显抑制 PDGF诱导的 MAPK的激活 ,并明显抑制 VSMC[3 H]Td R参入。上述结果表明 ,MAPK参与 PDGF促细胞增殖的信号途经 ,它的持续性激活与细胞增殖有关 ,针对 p42 /p44MAPK设计的反义寡核苷酸类能有效抑制 PDGF诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖。     

丝裂素活化蛋白激酶反义寡核苷酸对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的大鼠心肌？…

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of down-regulating mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) on c-myc gene expression and further on cardiac fibroblast proliferation. METHODS: Cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts was pretreated with a phosphorothioate-protected 17-mer antisense MAPK oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed against the initiation of translation sites of the p42 and p44 MAPK isoforms by liposomal transfection. A 17-mer sense and mismatch sequence MAPK ODN were used as controls. After liposomal transfecting, cells were exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II) 10 nmol.L-1 for 5 min and then harvested in lysis buffer. MAPK activity was measured by Western blot and P-81 phosphocellulose filter paper method by using [gamma-32P]ATP and myelin basic protein as substrates. c-myc mRNA expression stimulated by Ang II for 30 min was measured by Northern blot. DNA synthesis and collagen protein synthesis induced by Ang II for 24 h were measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and [3H]Proline incorporation, respectively. RESULTS: Antisense ODN 0.2 mumol.L-1 reduced Ang II-induced MAPK activities by 72%, MAPK protein expression by 80%, and suppressed c-myc mRNA expression by 97%, respectively. [3H]thymidine incorporation and [3H]proline incorporation in Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblast were inhibited by 59% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A 17-mer MAPK antisense oligonucleotide directed againsts the initiation of translation sites of MAPK could specifically inhibit Ang II-stimulated cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast proliferation through down-regulating MAPK activity and further depleting c-myc mRNA expression.     

Inhibitory effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to p44／p42 MAPK on angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic response in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocyte

AIM: To explore the inhibitory effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) to mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ). METHODS: A 17-mer phosphorothioate-protected antisense ODN directed against the initiation of translation sites of the p42 and p44 MAPK isoforms byliposomal transfection was applied to inhibit the translation of p44/p42 MAPK mRNA. The sense and random ODNs to p44/p42MAPK were used as sequence controls. Neonatal cardiac myocytes were exposed to Ang Ⅱ (10nmol/L) for 5 min and then harvested in lysis buffer for the measurement of the activity and the phosphorylated protein content of p44/p42MAPK that were tested by P-81 phosphocellulose filter paper method and Western blotting, respectively. The rate of protein synthesis by [^3H]leucine incorporation and the diameter of cell were measured after exposure to Ang Ⅱ for 24 h and 72 h, respectively. RESULTS: In cardiac myocyte Ang Ⅱ increased p44/p42MAPK activity and phosphorylated protein content by 140 % and 699 %, and also increased [^3H]leucine incorporation and cell diameter by 40 % and 27 %. c-fos and c-myc mRNAs were induced significantly after exposure to Ang Ⅱ. Antisense ODN to p44/p42MAPK (0.2 μmol/L) reduced Ang Ⅱ-induced MAPK activity by 30 %,and phophorylated MAPK protein expression by 59 % in cardiac myocyte, and inhibited c-fos and c-myc mRNA expression induced by Ang Ⅱ by 44 % and 43 %, respectively. The diameter and the rate of protein synthesis of cardiac myocyte induced by Ang Ⅱ were decreased by 16 % and 22 % after pretreatment with antisense ODN to p44/p42MAPK. CONCLUSION: Antisense ODN to p44/p42 MAPK inhibited the increase of rate of protein synthesis,and the augmentation of cell diameter and expression of c-fos and c-myc mRNA induced by Ang Ⅱ in culturedcardiac myocytes, p44/p42 MAPK played a critical role in the hypertrophic response induced by Ang Ⅱ in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.     

Stent-based delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to the PDGF A-chain decreases in-stent restenosis of the coronary artery

BACKGROUND: Although the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) has been shown to limit neointima hyperplasia, currently available DESs may adversely affect reendothelialization, possibly precipitating cardiac events. We evaluated the effect of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeted to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain on in-stent restenosis in pig coronary artery. METHODS: A bare metal stent coated with phosphorothioate-linked antisense ODN or nonsense ODN, or a bare metal stent without ODN (control), was implanted in the mid segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Twenty-eight days after implantation, angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed, the LAD was removed, and stenosis was evaluated pathologically. RESULTS: Volumetric stenosis ratios were 64 +/- 11.9, 44 +/- 3.4, and 26 +/- 3.8% in coronary arteries implanted with control, nonsense ODN-coated, and antisense ODN-coated stents, respectively. In angioscopic findings, the lumen surface was smooth in the stented segments in all groups. Struts of antisense ODN-coated stents were observed embedded in the neointima, whereas embedding was not observed in nonsense ODN-coated stents or control stents, indicating a decrease in hyperplasia in response to antisense ODN treatment. Pathologic findings showed 77 +/- 5.8, 68 +/- 12.2, and 38 +/- 5.3% stenosis in coronary arteries implanted with control stents, nonsense ODN-coated stents, and antisense ODN-coated stents, respectively. A continuous lining of endothelial cells was observed along the lumen of coronary arteries implanted with antisense ODN-coated stents. CONCLUSIONS: Stent-based delivery of an antisense ODN targeted to the PDGF A-chain effectively inhibits neointima formation after stent implantation in pig coronary artery by suppressing VSMC hyperplasia and preserving endothelialization. Antisense-ODNs may provide a therapy for in-stent restenosis of the coronary artery.