下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入后服用盐酸沙格雷酯的疗效观察

目的:探讨盐酸沙格雷酯治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerotic obliterans,ASO)支架置入术后患者的疗效。方法:2008年6月至2009年10月,共52例因ASO而行下肢动脉支架置入术的患者,共57条患肢,随机分成两组,治疗组(26例,29条患肢)给予盐酸沙格雷酯100mg/次,3次/d,口服,对照组(26例,28条患肢)给予胰激肽原酶肠溶片120U,3次/d,口服。治疗6个月后从患者症状、跛行距离(distance of claudication,DOC)、踝肱指数(ankle/brachial index,ABI)、经皮氧分压(transcutaneousoxygen pressure,TcPO2)、支架再狭窄率、药物不良反应等方面判断治疗效果。结果:和对照组相比,治疗组术前ABI、TcPO2及DOC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2 w ABI、TcPO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月ABI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),TcPO2及DOC均改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组主观感觉症状改善者25例,出现支架再狭窄1例,对照组主观感觉改善者22例,支架再狭窄3例,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组支架两组术后用药未见明显不良反应。结论:盐酸沙格雷酯用于ASO支架置入术后治疗效果明确,安全、方便,值得推广。     

超声引导下穿刺抽吸血肿加人工压迫治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下穿刺抽吸血肿加人工压迫法治疗心脏介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法:分析27例心脏介入操作术后出现的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者,其中男性14例,女性13例,平均年龄(53.5±11.4)岁。首先利用超声定位股动脉假性动脉瘤体、瘤体颈部和供应动脉位置,然后在超声引导下采用18号穿刺针,穿刺进入瘤体中心并且抽吸瘤体内血液,同时由助手采用人工方法压迫股动脉假性动脉瘤颈部和瘤体,阻断供应动脉和股动脉假性动脉瘤之间的交通。压迫时间为15 min,之后用绷带加压包扎,嘱患者平卧12 h,保持患侧下肢平直。术后24 h和1个月均复查下肢血管超声。结果:24例(88.9%)患者一次抽吸压迫成功;2例(7.4%)患者第一次抽吸压迫后瘤体未完全闭塞,给予再次抽吸压迫后成功;1例(3.7%)患者因合并股动静脉瘘,抽吸压迫后股动脉假性动脉瘤腔未完全闭合,但瘤体较压迫前明显缩小。总体治疗成功率为96.3%(26/27例)。无操作相关并发症发生。结论:在超声引导下穿刺抽吸血肿加人工压迫治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤安全、有效。     

盐酸沙格雷酯对糖尿病伴膝下动脉病变球囊扩张成形术后疗效的影响

目的:观察盐酸沙格雷酯对糖尿病膝下动脉病变,球囊扩张成形术(PTA)后再狭窄的疗效。方法:选择我科2007年4月至2011年8月收治2型糖尿病合并重症下肢缺血患者46例,男性21例,女性25例,年龄49～93岁,平均73.03岁。所有患者均为单纯膝下3支动脉病变。按随机数字表法将入选患者按1∶1的比例随机分为对照组(拜阿斯匹林)和治疗组(拜阿司匹林联合盐酸沙格雷酯),每组23例。PTA术后基础治疗两组一致,治疗组加用盐酸沙格雷酯片(安步乐克,100 mg,每日3次,日本三菱制药),治疗时间为6个月。疗效观察时间为PTA治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月。观察项目为静息痛缓解、溃疡愈合、术后成功开通血管通畅及再狭窄的情况,将静息痛完全缓解,或者溃疡愈合评为疗效显著。结果:糖尿病性膝下动脉病变PTA术后,治疗组的症状改善及疗效优于对照组。结论:盐酸沙格雷酯对糖尿病膝下血管病变PTA治疗后,再狭窄的预防、缺血症状的改善有较好的作用。     

沙格雷酯与阿司匹林治疗糖尿病下肢血管病变的随机、对照临床研究

目的 观察沙格雷酯治疗下肢血管病变的效果.方法 33名患者按2:1随机分配进入沙格雷酯治疗组(22例)和阿司匹林对照组(11例).沙格雷酯用量为300 mg/d,对照组口服阿司匹林100mg/d共3个月.比较两组治疗前后及其组间下肢血管病变、神经病变的症状、无痛行走距离、能耐受疼痛的最大行走距离和踝/肱血压指数(ABI).结果 沙格雷酯治疗组增加最大行走和无痛行走距离,部分改善足背动脉和胫后动脉的流速、阻力指数和ABI指标.结论 沙格雷酯治疗下肢血管病变,能有效增加患者最大行走距离、无痛行走距离,改善下肢供血.     

盐酸沙格雷酯用于股腘动脉长段闭塞介入治疗效果及安全性分析

目的:探讨盐酸沙格雷酯应用于股腘动脉长段闭塞性病变腔内治疗术后,抗凝的疗效和安全性。方法:对我院2010年07月至2011年12月,行下肢股腘动脉长段闭塞性病变腔内治疗术共97例。依据术后是否应用盐酸沙格雷酯联合抗血小板、预防血栓形成用药分为两组进行回顾性对照研究,其中研究组(沙格雷酯+阿司匹林、氯吡格雷)53例,对照组(阿司匹林、氯吡格雷)44例。对介入治疗术后血管通畅率、再狭窄率对比分析。并对研究组药物不良反应及出血事件进行临床安全性分析。结果:研究组及对照组术后3个月、6个月及1年通畅率分别为96.2%/93.1%,94.3%/93.1%,92.5%/88.6%;术后3个月、6个月及1年再狭窄率9.4%/9.1%,13.2%/18.2%,15.1%/18.2%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床安全性分析,研究组出现1例出血事件(2.5%),未见药物不良反应。结论:盐酸沙格雷酯联合阿司匹林、氯吡格雷用于股腘动脉长段闭塞病变介入治疗,术后经抗血小板治疗、预防闭塞及再狭窄发生安全有效。     

超声引导下不同剂量凝血酶封闭治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床观察

目的:探讨超声引导下不同剂量凝血酶注射在医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法:将我院2000年6月至2016年6月间,26例医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者随机分为两组,在超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,观察组13例注射凝血酶200~500U,对照组13例注射凝血酶500~1 000U。结果:观察组和对照组患者特征、注射凝血酶次数、治疗时间、成功率差异无统计学意义,对照组发生1例股浅动脉栓塞,1例足背动脉栓塞,观察组无不良反应发生。结论:超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤,小剂量同样有效,而且可能会降低不良反应的发生。     

药物治疗预防下肢动脉支架成形术后再狭窄的临床观察

目的:观察抗血小板药物在下肢动脉支架成形术后预防再狭窄的效果。方法:收集2008年1月至2010年12月,下肢动脉血管内支架治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者74例,随机分为治疗组(36例),每日口服盐酸沙格雷脂+拜阿司匹林;对照组(38例)每日皮下注射低分子肝素1 w,并从术后第3天起口服华法令。观察术后6个月、12个月及18个月支架内闭塞、再狭窄以及临床出血。结果:两组患者基本特征比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组:18个月的再闭塞分别是1例和2例,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支架内再狭窄分别是1例和8例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);出血并发症分别是1例和4例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸沙格雷脂联合阿司匹林,可以预防下肢动脉支架成形术后的再狭窄,安全有效。     

彩色多普勒超声在医源性假性动脉瘤诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对股动脉假性动脉瘤诊断及疗效监测的价值。方法选取28例经股动脉穿刺介入治疗术后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤患者。超声监控探头垂直加压压迫假性动脉瘤通道或破口直至内无血流通过。压迫失败后在超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,24 h、1个月后复查超声。结果 28例中21例一次性压迫2h后瘤腔闭合,7例压迫2次失败后于超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,取得较满意效果。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断股动脉假性动脉瘤准确率高,超声引导下治疗假性动脉瘤疗效可靠且较为安全。     

沙格雷酯与西洛他唑治疗2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床对照研究

目的 观察沙格雷酯治疗糖尿病下肢血管病变的效果.方法 40例患者按1:1随机进入沙格雷酯组(20例)和西洛他唑组(20例).沙格雷酯用量为300mg/d,西洛他唑100mg/d,共两个月.比较两组治疗前后及其组间下肢血管病变、神经病变的症状、无痛行走距离、能耐受疼痛的最大行走距离和踝/肱血压指数(ABI).结果 沙格雷酯组主观症状明显改善,最大行走和无痛行走距离、ABI及足背动脉血管流速均显著增加.结论 沙格雷酯对糖尿病下肢血管病变是一种安全有效的药物.     

超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的可行性和安全性。方法:3例女性患者因行股动脉穿刺于术后3~4d发生4处股动脉假性动脉瘤,均在彩色多普勒超声定位下通过瘤腔内注射凝血酶进行治疗,治疗后即刻超声复查,并定期随访。结果:3例患者4处假性动脉瘤一次性注射凝血酶500U后瘤腔即刻闭合,随访10~100d,假性动脉瘤无复发。无肢体栓塞和过敏反应等并发症发生。结论:瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤是一种创伤小、有效、安全的方法,可作为临床首选的治疗方法。     

Sarpogrelate, a 5-hT2A receptor antagonist in intermittent claudication. A phase II European study

This was a multinational, multicentre, double-blind Phase II study in Europe to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dose regimens (200 mg bid and 200 mg tid) of sarpogrelate (MCI-9042, 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) compared to placebo in patients with stable, moderately severe intermittent claudication. Following a single-blind placebo run-in period of 6 weeks, 364 (309 male and 55 female) patients (59.2 +/- 8.4 years, mean +/- SD) were randomized to receive sarpogrelate 200 mg bid, 200 mg tid or placebo for 24 weeks with a follow-up of 8 weeks. The primary objective was the increase of absolute claudication distance (ACD) at the end of treatment (week 24) compared to placebo. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed on the log-transformed percentage of baseline ACD: loge(ACD/baseline). A responder analysis (defined as a > or = 50% improvement in ACD) was also performed. There was a marked training/placebo effect on the ACD which persisted up to 16 weeks. At 24 weeks the primary objective did not reach statistical significance (200mg bid vs placebo, p = 0.225; 200mg tid vs placebo, p = 0.580). In the responder analysis, 200 mg bid showed a statistically significant difference vs placebo (p = 0.035). In the exploratory analysis with completers (patients completing all treadmill tests), there was a statistical difference in ACD/baseline change for 200 mg bid (p = 0.035) and in the responder analysis for 200 mg tid (p = 0.044) at 24 weeks compared to placebo. Both treatments showed a carry-over effect for ACD during the 8-week follow-up (weeks 28-32). The treatment was well tolerated and no clinically significant safety concerns were reported. In conclusion, the study results confirm that sarpogrelate is well tolerated and although the primary endpoint failed to reach statistical significance, the responder analysis showed an increased absolute walking distance, which makes a further trial warranted, including a larger population, and possibly also a longer treatment period.     

Association of oral almitrine and medroxyprogesterone acetate: effect on arterial blood gases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Almitrine (A) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MA) given separately improve arterial blood gases in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); the aim of this study was to assess the effect of the two drugs given together. Forty-eight patients with irreversible COPD and hypoxaemia were prospectively enrolled into a 14-day run-in period and received single-blind oral treatment with double placebo. Patients whose PaO2 remained stable (less than 10% change; n = 29, 25 males, mean age 65.6 years) were included in a 14-day active treatment period and randomly assigned to three groups. They received double-blind oral treatment with: A (50 mg bid, group A, n = 10); MA (20 mg tid, group MA, n = 9); A (50 mg bid) and MA (20 mg tid, group A+MA, n = 10). Anthropometric and spirometric measurements were similar in the three groups and so were the arterial blood gas values at the beginning and the end of the run-in period. At the end of the active treatment period, blood gas changes (mean+/-SE) were significantly different between groups (P<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test), with improvement in both hypoxaemia and hypercapnia in group A+MA only: delta PaO2 = 7.4+/-1.9 mmHg, delta PaCO2 = -5.1+/-1.7 m mHg (P<0.05, Wilcoxon test). In short-term treatment, the association of A and MA is more efficient than either drug alone at improving arterial blood gases in COPD patients.     

Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension: dose-dependent improvement in exercise performance

Sildenafil has been widely used as an orphan drug for several years, mostly at a dose of 50mg tid. Since a recent randomized study showed no dose-response relationship, the target dose in future will be 20mg tid. This might, however, have a negative effect on patients being already on 50mg tid. During the past years we usually up-titrated the sildenafil dosage in monthly intervals from 12.5 to 25mg, and then finally to 50mg tid. Therefore, we wondered if a dose-response relationship could be found in a group of 23 patients, in whom we had measured a 6-min walking distance (6-MWD) at all time points. The 6-MWD was virtually unchanged during the treatment with sildenafil 12.5 and 25mg tid, respectively. However, there was a significant improvement by 34+/-63 and 26+/-47m in the 6-MWD after increasing the sildenafil dose to 50mg tid compared with baseline (p=0.015) and 25mg tid (p=0.014), respectively. In conclusion, these data suggest that sildenafil has a clinically relevant dose-response relationship with a significant improvement in 6-MWD only at a dose of 50mg tid.     

血管内超声消融术治疗糖尿病足的疗效观察

目的 研究应用超声消融术治疗糖尿病足(DF)的近期和远期疗效。方法 对66例DF患者进行下肢动脉造影，确定动脉闭塞的部位，采用经皮股动脉穿刺法或显露切开法插入超声消融导管，在血管造影监视下进行血管内超声消融。结果 经2周治疗61例手术获得成功，5例失败，有效率达92．4％。35例静息痛患者中29例缓解，29例足趾坏死中21例好转，长期随访10例发生股浅动脉再闭塞，远期有效率达83．3％。结论 超声消融可以确切改善下肢动脉供血，治疗DF。但如何保证长期疗效有待于进一步研究。     

主动脉内球囊反搏急性心肌梗死介入术后心功能低下的疗效观察

目的观察主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）应用于急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗术后心功能衰竭的疗效。方法 28例急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后合并急性左心力衰竭患者,静脉使用血管活性药物仍不能维持有效血液循环,经股动脉置入主动脉内球囊反搏导管,行IABP。观察尿量、心率、意识改变、有创动脉收缩压（SABP）和平均动脉压（MABP）。结果 IABP后,患者SABP、MABP明显高于术前（P〈0.01）。23例患者心功能均有不同程度改善,心率减慢,尿量增多,心功能改善不明显3例,死亡2例。结论主动脉内球囊反搏术能有效改善PCI术后低心排血量病人的心功能。     

西地那非联合辛伐他汀治疗女性肺动脉高压的临床研究

目的探讨西地那非联合辛伐他汀治疗女性肺动脉高压（PAH）的临床疗效。方法49例女性PAH患者分为氨氯地平治疗组（A组）16例、西地那非治疗组（B组）16例、西地那非联合辛伐他汀治疗组（C组）17例。A组给予氨氯地平片5mg,1次／d;B组给予西地那非片50mg,3次／d;C组给予西地那非片50mg,3次／d,联合辛伐他汀片80mg,1次／d,疗程均为12周。试验前、后进行生活质量问卷评分（QOL）并测量右室收缩压（RVSP）及6min步行距离（6-MWT）。结果A组治疗后QOL、RVSP和6-MWT分别为44．42±2．12、（69．12±3．23）mmHg和（312．12±5．13）m;B组治疗后分别为38．02±1．92、（59．72±2．42）mmHg和（331．78±5．62）m;C组治疗后分别为32．33±1．89、（50．86±2．27）mmHg和（355．22±6．76）m。三组治疗后QOL、RVSP及6-MWT较治疗前均有所改善,B组比A组明显（P〈0．05）,C组较B组明显（P〈0．05）,而C组较A组更为显著（P〈0．01）。结论西地那非联合辛伐他汀较西地那非单药更能有效降低女性PAH患者的肺动脉压,改善患者生活质量,提高其运动耐力。     

Serotonin receptor antagonist inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and prolongs survival in rats

OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with pulmonary vascular remodeling. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, sarpogrelate hydrochroride, in preventing or reversing monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats. METHODS: Rats were injected with 40 mg/kg of MCT subcutaneously and randomized to either sarpogrelate (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or placebo for 3 weeks. Animals treated with MCT and survived for 3 weeks were assigned to either sarpogrelate (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or placebo for next 3 weeks. The animals had pressure measurement of the pulmonary artery, and then underwent histologic, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses of the lung tissue. Survival rate was also assessed after treatment. RESULTS: Sarpogrelate immediately following MCT injection suppressed PAH with severe pulmonary vascular remodeling and right-sided heart failure. The survival rate was significantly increased in the sarpogrelate-treated group compared with the placebo group (71% vs. 44%, p<0.05). Intense expression of P-selectin was found on the endothelium of the pulmonary arteries in the placebo group, and it was markedly attenuated in the sarpogrelate-treated group. The numbers of the CD45-positive cells and those of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the lung tissue were significantly increased in the placebo group, and the increases in these cells were prevented by sarpogrelate. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the lung tissue was markedly decreased in the placebo group, but it was prevented by sarpogrelate (p<0.001). In contrast, late treatment with sarpogrelate failed to reverse established PAH. CONCLUSIONS: Specific 5-HT2A receptor blockade with sarpogrelate immediately after MCT inhibited PAH and prolongs survival in rats. These effects were accompanied by anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in the lung tissue and marked improvement of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction and activation.