抑郁症患者依恋类型、述情障碍与防御方式的相关性研究

目的 探讨抑郁症患者的依恋类型、述情障碍及其防御方式的关系.方法 采用修订版成人依恋量表(AAS-1996)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)及防御方式问卷(DSQ),对32名抑郁症患者和80名对照组被试进行评定.结果抑郁症患者的依恋类型与对照组差异有统计学意义(x2 =47.6,P＜0.01),前者偏向不安全型依恋,后者偏向安全型依恋.抑郁症患者的不成熟防御机制[(5.47±1.13)分]和中间型防御机制得分[(4.93±0.56)分]高于对照组[分别为(3.79±1.09)分和(4.20±1.00)分;P＜0.01].抑郁症患者的述情障碍总分[ (76.88±8.94)分]、因子Ⅰ[(3.34±0.77)分]和因子Ⅱ得分[(3.64±0.51)分]均高于对照组[分别为(65.70±7.98)分、(2.41±0.78)分和(2.65±0.55)分;P＜0.01],因子Ⅲ得分[(2.51±0.78)分]低于对照组[(3.14±1.03),P＜0.01].抑郁症患者成人依恋的亲近、焦虑因子与述情障碍存在一定的相关.抑郁症患者成人依恋3个因子与防御方式存在一定相关.结论 抑郁症患者的依恋可能通过影响防御方式间接导致抑郁情绪;此外,抑郁会导致述情障碍,不同依恋特点的抑郁症患者表现出不同的述情障碍.     

245名男性罪犯冲动行为特征分析

目的 探讨男性罪犯冲动行为的特征,为心理矫治提供理论依据.方法 以南京地区某监狱因暴力、强奸、抢劫等入狱服刑的男性罪犯245名为研究组,某医院健康体检男性187名为对照组,运用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)评估其冲动行为.结果 男性罪犯BIS总分及各因子分[分别为(64.63±9.34)分,(18.16±3.36)分,(25.79±4.18)分.(20.69±3.93)分]均高于对照组[分别为(57.07±7.48)分,(16.67±2.60)分,(22.20±3.75)分,(18.20±3.17)分],差异有显著性(P＜0.01);多重犯BIS总分及各因子分均高于其他组,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05);累犯组BIS总分及各因子得分[分别为(68.59±14.54)分,(19.68±4.92)分,(27.54±6.61)分,(21.37±4.50)分]均高于初犯组[分别为(64.81±10.35)分,(18.01±3.69)分,(25.86±4.60)分.(20.83±4.25)分],其中BIS总分及注意因子得分差异有显著性(P＜0.05);各年龄组间BIS总分及各因子分差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 男性罪犯冲动水平较高,不同案由、犯罪次数、年龄罪犯冲动行为表现不同,评估罪犯的冲动行为有利于了解罪犯的人格特征及心理活动状态.     

青少年躯体形式障碍临床症状与述情障碍的关系

目的 探讨青少年躯体形式障碍患者的述情障碍状况及其与临床症状的关系.方法 131例青少年躯体形式障碍患者与124例对照者共同完成一般资料调查表、多伦多述情障碍量表中文版(TAS-20-C)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对所得数据进行统计分析.结果 病例组TAS-20-C、SCL-90量表评分总分及各因子得分均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).病例组TAS-20-C总分及各因子得分与SCL-90总均分及躯体化因子得分正相关(P＜0.05或0.01),而TAS-20-C总分及情感辨别不能因子得分与SCL-90中敌对因子得分正相关(P＜0.01);TAS-20-C中外向型思维因子得分与SCL-90中焦虑因子得分正相关(P＜0.01).结论 青少年躯体形式障碍患者存在明显的述情障碍,且与临床症状相互影响.     

军人述情障碍与心理承受力相关性研究

目的 探讨军人述情障碍与心理承受力的相关性.方法 采用随机整群抽样法在全军抽取2802名官兵作被试,进行中国军人述情障碍量表和心理承受力量表测评,用t检验、x2检验、F检验、相关分析、多元线性回归分析等方法处理.结果 军人述情障碍总发生率为6.85％,军人心理承受力低水平者占6.60％;述情障碍总分陆军[(47.92±9.92)分]较海军[(45.62±11.25)分]与空军[(45.32±9.98)分]为高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);陆军心理承受力总分[(85.73±10.70)分]低于海军[(87.35±12.15)分]与空军[(88.58±10.39)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组心理承受力量表总分及各因子分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);述情障碍量表各因子(情感表达障碍、情感体验缺失、躯体化倾向、外向性思维和情感应对)与心理承受力量表各因子(问题解决、人际交往、意志力、乐观自信、家庭支持)呈低度负相关(P＜0.01);乐观自信、意志力、问题解决、家庭支持是影响述情障碍的主要因素.结论 军人的述情障碍较普通人群好,但就各兵种看尚存在述情障碍和心理承受力问题,以陆军为甚;军人述情障碍与心理承受力有一定相关性.     

抑郁症患者短期治疗前后述情障碍的研究

目的 探讨抑郁症患者短期治疗后述情障碍的变化及治疗后述情障碍的影响因素.方法 采用多伦多述情量表(TAS)中文版、Beck抑郁自评量表(BDI),对80例抑郁症患者于治疗前后(新型抗抑郁剂3周以上)进行评定,并与95名健康志愿者(对照组)比较.结果 (1)治疗前抑郁症组TAS与BDI评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01).重度抑郁组TAS因子I、II及总分均高于轻、中度抑郁组(P<0.05);中度抑郁组仅TAS因子II得分高于轻度抑郁组(P<0.05).(2)治疗后抑郁症患者TAS总分[(52.73±9.41)分]、因子I[(17.88±5.61)分]、因子II[(13.08±3.42)分]、BDI总分[(8.74±7.27)分]较治疗前均降低[分别为 (58.45±10.17)分、(21.56±5.45)分、(16.64±3.35)分、(23.86±9.27)分;P<0.01].治疗后抑郁症组TAS因子I[(17.88±5.61)分]、因子III[(21.78±4.01)分]、总分[(52.73±9.41)分]仍高于对照组[分别为(15.90±4.26)分、(19.09±3.03)分、(48.04±8.79)分;P<0.01].(3)治疗后抑郁总分、服务满意度、治疗信心、对疾病的了解依次进入TAS总分的回归方程.结论 抑郁症存在明显的述情障碍,抑郁总分等是述情障碍的重要影响因素,短期治疗可降低述情障碍的严重程度.述情障碍可能既是一种人格特质,又是对抑郁的一种反应.     

惊恐障碍患者的述情障碍

目的探讨惊恐障碍患者的述情障碍及其相关因素.方法采用多伦多述情障碍量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表对伴或不伴广场恐怖的47名惊恐障碍患者和37名健康对照者进行评估.结果(1)伴或不伴广场恐怖的惊恐患者TAS因子Ⅱ分[分别为(3.30±0.70)分和(3.13±0.75)分]高于正常对照组[(2.58±0.67)分](均P＜0.05),伴广场恐怖的惊恐患者的TAS总分[(75.4±10.1)分]高于对照组[(66.3±8.9)分](P＜0.01),两患者组的因子Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ分与对照组之间的差异无显著性(P＞0.05),两患者组TAS及四个因子之间的差异亦无显著性(P＞0.05);(2)伴与不伴广场恐怖的惊恐患者的HAMA和HAMD得分[HAMA分别为(17.0±6.13)分和(18.6±7.94)分,HAMD分别为(13.0±6.2)分和(15.3±6.96)分]均高于对照组[分别为(0.94±1.22)分和(1.08±0.27)分](P＜0.001);(3)伴或不伴广场恐怖的惊恐障碍的TAS因子Ⅱ得分与病程及HAMA和HAMD的相关关系无显著性(P＞0.05).结论伴与不伴广场恐怖的惊恐障碍患者均存在述情障碍,以认识和区别情绪和躯体感受的能力欠缺明显,与其病程和焦虑抑郁状态无相关;其描述情感、幻想及外向型思维的能力可能未受损害.     

4～6年级小学生社交焦虑与自尊及自我意识的关系

目的 探索4～6年级小学生社交焦虑情况及与自尊和自我意识的关系.方法 分层随机抽取重庆市主城区的3所小学校(重点、普通及农民工小学各l所)的568名在校4～6年级小学生,采用儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)、Pies-Harris 儿童自我意识量表、自尊量表(SES)对小学生进行问卷调查.结果 ①小学生总社交焦虑及两大因子得分显著高于中国城市常模(P＜0.01);②女生的社交焦虑总分及害怕否定评价[(4.84±4.26)分,(3.08±2.91)分)]高于男生[(4.12±3.95)分,(2.54±2.63)分,P＜0.05];随年级的增高,六年级学生害怕否定评价的得分[(3.22±2.82)分]高于五年级[(2.53±2.76)分,P＜0.01]和四年级[(2.54±2.68)分,P＜0.05];农民工小学、单亲家庭和收入相对低的家庭者社交焦虑得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③小学生总社交焦虑及两大因子与其自尊水平呈显著正相关( r=0.305,0.282,0.270),与自我意识及各因子呈不同程度的负相关(r=-0.202～-0.511),相关均达到显著性(P＜0.01);④小学生害怕否定评价能被自我意识中的焦虑和合群解释占25.5％;社交回避及苦恼能被自我意识中的焦虑、合群和智力与学校情况解释占20.4％;总的社交焦虑能被自我意识中的焦虑和合群解释占28.2％.结论 4～6年级小学生有较高的社交焦虑水平;不同性别、年级、学校、家庭结构、家庭月收入的小学生社交焦虑水平存在差异,其社交焦虑与自我意识和自尊水平密切相关.     

军事飞行员应对方式、状态特质焦虑与心理健康的相关性研究

目的 探讨军事飞行员应对方式、状态-特质焦虑与心理健康的关系.方法 整群抽样抽取飞行员504名,进行应对方式量表、状态-特质焦虑量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试.结果 SCL-90各因子分显著低于军人常模(P＜0.01);应对方式中解决问题、求助因子[(0.84±0.15)分,(0.61±0.19)分]显著高于军人常模[(0.28±0.22)分,(0.46±0.26)分],而其余4个因子显著低于军人常模;状态-特质焦虑分[(36.93±8.49)分,(37.96±8.76)分]显著低于国内常模[(39.71±8.89)分,(41.11±7.74)分];SCL-90总分＜160组的飞行员应对方式中的解决问题、求助因子分[(0.83±0.15)分,(0.62±0.19)分]高于SCL-90总分≥160组[(0.70±0.15)分,(0.57±0.15)分]的飞行员,且解决问题因子有显著差异(P＜0.01),而其余4个因子分均显著低于SCL-90总分≥160组(P＜0.01);除敌对性因子外,SCL-90各因子与应对方式中的解决问题、求助因子呈显著负相关(P＜0.05～0.01);而与应对方式的其余4个因子及状态、特质焦虑总分呈显著正相关(P＜0.01);(3)从对军事飞行员心理健康的作用大小来看,特质焦虑最大,依次为自责、解决问题、合理化.结论 军事飞行员的心理健康受应对方式、状态-特质焦虑的影响.     

伴躯体症状抑郁症患者皮质醇与述情障碍的相关性

目的 探讨伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者血清皮质醇水平与述情障碍程度的相关性.方法 采用放射免疫法测定30例伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者（躯体组）及30例不伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者（不伴组）晨起血清皮质醇水平,使用述情障碍量表（TAS-20）评定两组患者述情障碍.结果 （1）躯体组血清皮质醇水平显著高于不伴组[（533.88± 144.10） μmol/L vs （458.27±82.87） μmol/L,P＜0.01],差异有统计学意义.（2）躯体组述情障碍总分及识别情感障碍、描述情感障碍因子分高于不伴组[（67.13±6.96）分vs（62.03±7.14）分,（24.50±3.78）分vs （21.63±3.63）分,（15.30±2.69）分vs（13.57±2.03）分,均P＜0.01],差异有统计学意义.（3）躯体组血清皮质醇水平与述情障碍总分正相关（r=0.596,P＜0.01）,与识别情感障碍、描述情感障碍、外向性思维因子分正相关（r=0.391,0.435,0.452,均P＜0.05）.（4）不伴组血清皮质醇水平与述情障碍总分正相关（r=0.418,P＜0.05）,与外向性思维因子分正相关（r=0.489,P＜0.01）.结论 伴躯体症状较不伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者存在较重的述情障碍,具体体现在识别情绪障碍、描述情绪障碍.述情障碍的严重程度与血清皮质醇水平存在正相关关系.     

老年人述情障碍与读心能力的相关研究

目的 研究老年人述情障碍和读心能力的关系.方法 108名70岁以上的老年被试接受读心能力、认知能力测试和多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)调查.结果 述情障碍高分组与低分组在读心能力[(16.00±4.84)分,(19.36±2.91)分,t =3.38,P ＜0.01]、一般认知能力上差异有显著性[记忆广度上(5.80±1.42)分,(7.18±1.13)分,t =4.28,P ＜0.01;工作记忆上,t =4.05,P ＜0.01;加工速度上,t =4.80,P ＜0.01].述情障碍与读心能力( r =-0.227,P ＜0.05)、记忆广度( r =-0.377,P ＜0.01)、工作记忆( r =-0.334,P ＜0.01)、加工速度( r =-0.470,P ＜0.01)成绩呈显著负相关.在回归分析中,读心能力、认知加工、受教育程度等自变量对述情障碍量表总分( F =8.594,P ＜0.01)和因子1( F =8.796,P ＜0.01)的回归方程显著,但对因子2( F =1.735,P ＞0.05)和因子3( F =1.181,P ＞0.05)的回归方程不显著.结论 老年人述情障碍与读心能力、几种认知加工能力存在负相关;读心能力与加工速度可能影响述情能力的情绪识别,而不影响情绪描述和外向型思维.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.