注意缺陷多动障碍儿童静息功能磁共振低频振幅成像与症状评分相关研究

目的 运用功能磁共振(fMRI)静息态低频振幅(ALFF)方法 比较注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童静息脑活动与正常儿童的差别;结合症状评分量表探讨ADHD症状严重程度与静息自发脑活动是否存在相关性.方法 学龄期ADHD32例,年龄及受教育程度匹配的正常儿童30名,分别采集两组儿童的静息状态fMRI脑血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号,ALFF处理两组BOLD图像,进行双样本t检验获取显著性激活脑区图(P＜0.01).对ADHD组每个儿童症状评分量表(RS-Ⅳ)总分与提取的相应显著性脑区ALFF值进行相关分析获得相关显著脑区.结果 ADHD与正常组比较,ALFF值减低脑区:右额上回(BA9,t=-4.61),左额上回内侧(BA10,t=-3.63),左额中回(BA46,t=-4.09)及左前扣带回(BA24,t =-4.02).ALFF值增加脑区:左眶额叶内侧(BA11,t=3.52),右楔叶(t=3.93),右枕中回(BA19,t=3.82),右侧小脑(BA37,t=3.77),右颞中回(BA37,t=3.76),左旁中央小叶(BA6,t=3.77).ADHD组ALFF与RS-Ⅳ总分相关显著脑区:左额上回内侧(P=0.009,r=0.492),右楔叶(P=0.024,r=0.433).结论 静息状态下ADHD的前额叶自发活动水平低下,某些功能相关脑区活动增强可作为补偿机制;左额叶及右楔叶的静息自发活动水平与ADHD症状严重程度呈正相关.     

广泛焦虑症的可能神经机制

目的利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,研究焦虑症的神经病理机制。方法共20名受试者参加实验。广泛焦虑症患者10名,正常对照组10名。实验模式为Block Design,刺激材料通过听觉呈现。共进行两次fMRI实验。实验1情绪中性词与无词的空白对照交替,实验2威胁词与情绪中性词交替。随后对受试者进行焦虑状态量表测试。结果焦虑状态量表测试:实验1对照组量表分值为37±3,患者组57±4。实验2对照组分值为41±4,患者组为66±6。两次实验中,两组受试者分值差异均有统计学意义。fMRI结果:实验1患者组与对照组激活脑区大部分重叠。包括两侧颞上回(BA22/42)、颞中回(BA21);左侧额下回(BA44/45);双侧前运动区(BA6);辅助运动区(BA6)及小脑半球。但患者组两侧颞上回激活强度(平均T值)强于对照组:左侧,P=0.051;右侧,P=0.035。且患者额外激活前额叶背外侧脑区(BA8/9)及两侧顶下小叶(BA39/40)。实验2患者组激活两侧颞上回(BA22/42)、颞中回(BA21);两侧额下回(BA44/45);左前额叶背外侧(BA46/10);两侧顶下小叶(BA39/40);两侧前运动区(BA6);扣带回前部(BA8/24/32);辅助运动区(BA6)。相同检验水平(P<0.001,未校正),正常对照组无激活脑区。但是降低阈值后(P<0.01),左侧扣带回后部(BA29/30)、左侧扣带回前部(BA24/32)及左侧顶下小叶(BA40)等脑区激活。结论广泛焦虑症患者的前额叶及颞叶可能存在功能异常,主要表现为对刺激加工的过度反应。     

针刺对脑白质疏松轻度认知障碍功能磁共振的影响

目的观察针刺前后脑白质疏松轻度认知障碍的脑功能磁共振变化,探索针刺干预轻度认知障碍的作用机理和疗效的客观化标准。方法以脑白质疏松轻度认知障碍为研究对象,以功能磁共振为研究手段,参考临床实际情况,长时程针刺干预,通过神经心理学量表评价脑白质疏松轻度认知障碍的临床变化。结果针刺前听觉任务激活的脑区包括颞叶的颞上回(BA22)、颞中回(BA21)、颞极区(BA38),额叶的体感皮层(BA1)和前运动皮层(BA6)。针刺后激活的脑区包括颞叶的颞上回(BA22),额叶的额眶叶(BA11)、额极区(BA10)、额叶被盖。被激活脑区明显少于针刺前被激活区。结论LACI相关的脑功能区涉及到额、颞叶,表现为执行听觉任务时颞叶皮质激活增多,前额叶皮质未激活;长时程针刺后颞叶皮质激活减少,前额叶皮质激活。fMRI可以为轻度认知障碍的诊断、疗效判断以及针刺作用机理研究提供可视化依据。长时程针刺可以作为LACI的有效干预手段之一,能够减少被激活脑区,提高任务刺激加工效率。     

两种语言刺激模式对语言区显示效果的对照研究

目的探讨两种语言刺激模式对语言区的显示。方法正常健康志愿者20人,男10例,女10例,平均38.5岁。均为右利手。利用Bold-fMRI技术完成图片命名任务,语义联想任务。AFNI软件处理实验数据。统计分析采用SPSS12.0分析软件。结果在图片命名任务下：双侧岛叶、额下回、额中回、额叶背外侧区（以左侧为著）,顶上小叶、颞上回、梭状回,辅助运动区等激活;语义联想任务下：双侧岛叶、额下回、额中回、颞上回、额叶背外侧区（以左侧为著）,左侧角回、顶上小叶及右侧尾状核少量激活。语义联想任务较图片命名任务相对优势脑区：左侧额中回（BA9区前部）,辅助运动区（BA6）;图片命名任务较语义联想任务相对优势脑区：双侧梭状回（BA37）、枕叶（BA18/19）、额叶背外侧（BA9区后部）,右侧顶上小叶（BA7）。结论不同的语言刺激任务根据任务的性质和难度不同激活脑区及强度略有不同,语言任务的完成需多个脑区的协同作业。     

两种语言任务脑功能区激活的功能磁共振成像比较

目的 对照两种不同模式语言任务的血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像(BOLD fMRI)脑功能区激活图,探讨这些功能区在语言加工过程中的意义.方法 对8名右利手健康志愿者,分别在执行图片命名及词语联想任务时进行BOLD fMRI扫描.所得原始图像数据经神经功能影像分析软件处理,生成两种任务的脑激活图后进行对照研究.结果 词语联想激活的脑区主要有双侧额叶内侧面辅助运动区(SMA)、双侧中央前回运动区(BA6)(左侧较右侧显著)、左侧枕叶皮层(BA18、19)、左侧额叶下回(BA45、47)、左侧岛叶(BA13)、双侧小脑上部.图片命名激活的脑区主要有双侧额叶内侧面SMA区、左侧额叶下回(BA44)、双侧枕叶上中部皮层(BA18、19)、双侧中央前回(BA6)、双侧小脑上部.图片命名激活枕叶的范围比词语联想明显;而词语联想对语义语音加工相关脑区的激活比图片命名明显,且具有明显的优势半球偏侧化特征.结论 上述两种语言任务能激活参与语言加工的由多个脑区组成的神经网络.两种语言任务的脑区激活特点反映了各自具有相对独特的认知成分及加工过程.     

注意缺陷多动障碍患儿治疗前后功能磁共振成像的比较

目的 应用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿哌甲酯(methylphenidate,又名利太灵)治疗前后激发图像的特点.方法 对17例ADHD患儿治疗前进行视觉注意作业的fMRI检查,经哌甲酯(平均10mg/d)治疗2月后复查fMRI(13例).用Conner行为量表评价多动症状的程度.结果 (1)17例ADHD患儿哌甲酯治疗后的Conner行为量表减分率为(49±18)%,有效率为69%.(2)视觉注意作业激活受试者的额叶和颞叶皮层.(3)治疗后13例受试者的右侧额上回和右侧中央旁小叶有增加趋势,右侧额上回治疗前激活脑区计数为5,治疗后激活脑区计数为10;右侧中央旁小叶治疗前激活脑区计数为2,治疗后激活脑区计数为6;差异有显著性(分别为P=0.025和P=0.049).结论 ADHD患儿治疗前后脑功能图像有一定变化,提示认知、注意等缺陷症状是可以治疗的.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童静息态功能磁共振比率低频振幅的研究

目的 使用静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)比率低频振幅(fALFF)测量技术,从能量的角度对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童与正常儿童进行比较分析,探讨ADHD儿童执行控制脑功能失调病理机制.方法 分别对30例学龄期ADHD儿童与30名性别、年龄、受教育程度均相匹配的正常儿童进行静息态fMRI扫描,采用比率低频振幅算法作为指标进行比较分析.结果 同正常组比较,fALFF值降低区:双侧额上回(BA10,t=5.40,4.11,Z=4.81,3.82),双侧额中回(BA9,BA46,t=5.72,5.37,Z=5.04,3.08),右侧额内侧回(BA10,t=5.53,Z=4.90),左楔叶(t=3.81,Z=3.57);fALFF值升高区:双侧边缘叶(BA36,t=4.37,5.20,Z=4.02,4.66),右侧脑干(t=4.77,Z=4.34),双侧小脑(t=4.65,4.83,Z=4.24,4.38).结论 研究提示在静息状态下前额叶的激活降低,其调控的执行控制功能缺陷是ADHD的核心缺陷.在一些脑区表现的高激活区,可能与ADHD执行控制脑功能失调代偿作用有关.     

额三针透刺的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的:研究额三针透刺引发的脑内功能区的变化情况。方法:对6例健康志愿者进行额三针透刺,利用血氧依赖性磁共振成像技术,获取针刺前后的脑功能变化图像,利用SPM信号处理系统进行对比分析,观察脑皮层相应功能区的激活状况。结果:额三针透刺高激活的脑区,左侧:额上回(BA8/10),额中回(BA9/46),额下回(BA47),颞上回(BA38),颞中回(BA39),边缘叶,楔叶(BA20),小脑;右侧:中央前回(BA6),颞下回(BA20),枕叶(BA18/19),顶下小叶(BA40),脑干,尾状核;低激活的脑区,左侧:豆状核,顶上小叶(BA7),颞上回(BA39),颞下回(BA20),额中回(BA8);右侧:边缘叶(BA33)。结论:额三针透刺激活脑区可能在治疗心境障碍性疾病时起一定作用,fMRI可清楚显示针刺效应引起的脑部功能变化,可作为针刺机制及效应的评价方法。     

正常老年人计算任务的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的：探讨正常老年人进行脑功能磁共振成像(fMRl)实验的可行性及计算任务的激活脑区。方法：对11例正常老年志愿者进行简单计算任务和复杂计算任务的fMRI实验，以SPM99作后处理显示激活脑区。结果：11例被试的简单计算任务均完成较好，激活区域主要集中在双侧顶上、下小叶和双侧枕叶，复杂计算任务除了以上脑区的激活外，还包括Brdmann9、10区和Brdmann 46区。结论：老年人进行fMRI实验具有可行性，复杂计算任务比简单计算任务激活更多的额叶脑区。     

数字长时与短时记忆脑功能区的fMRI定位比较

目的 应用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术测绘健康人脑参与数字长时记忆和短时记忆的脑功能区,并比较两种类型数字记忆认知脑区的激活特点和差异.方法 18名右利手健康受试者分别进行数字长时和短时记忆任务时行fMRI扫描.任务采用组块设计,SPM99软件行数据分析,计算激活脑区像素值的偏侧化系数(LI值).结果 经单样本t检验(P<0.000 1)显示,数字长、短时记忆任务主要激活的大脑皮质脑区分别为左额中回[激活强度(T值=9.68)]和左颞叶视区(T值=11.19);右侧小脑(T值=9.85和8.90)在两任务中均被显著激活,皮质下的丘脑和纹状体也被激活.数字长、短时记忆任务激活脑区像素值的LI值分别为0.52和0.09.结论 数字记忆的脑功能区广泛分布于双侧大脑皮质,左侧额中回是数字长时记忆的主要功能区,而左侧颞叶视区是数字短时记忆的主要功能区;右侧小脑也是数字记忆的重要脑结构;数字长时记忆有明显的左半球优势现象.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.