小学生攻击性人格与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究受虐待小学生攻击性人格的发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、Buss和Perry攻击性人格量表,对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的攻击性人格维度和受虐待情况.结果 与无虐待组相比,受虐待组小学生的攻击性人格各维度分和攻击性总分明显增高:攻击性总分[(32.60±8.01)分vs(19.28±4.97)分,t=11.51,P＜0.01],并且男生的攻击性高于女生:攻击性总分[(26.51±9.74)分vs(21.30±7.09)分,t=3.95,P＜0.01].躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和虐待总分与攻击性人格量表各因子分和总分呈正相关(r=0.287～0.797,P＜0.01),性虐待仅与躯体攻击、指向自我的攻击和攻击性总分呈正相关(r=0.159～0.181,P＜0.05).情感虐待能够正向预测躯体攻击、语言攻击、敌意、指向自我的攻击和总攻击性(Beta值=0.274～0.439,t=3.502～7.007,P＜0.01),躯体虐待能够正向预测攻击性人格的所有维度和总攻击性(Beta值=0.172～0.358,t=2.196～5.718,P＜0.05或P＜0.01),忽视能够正向预测愤怒和指向自我的攻击性(Beta值=0.203～0.235,t=2.770～3.207,P＜0.01),而性虐待对攻击性人格没有预测作用.结论 儿童虐待可对小学生的人格发展造成不良影响,使其形成高攻击性人格,躯体虐待、情感虐待和忽视对攻击性人格具有预测作用.     

大学生生活应激对自我和谐的影响

目的 揭示大学生生活应激对自我和谐的影响.方法 采用自我和谐量表、学生生活应激问卷对安徽省三所高校366名本科生进行调查,对所得数据用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计处理;结果 不同性别大学生在自我刻板性上[(18.00±3.51)分,(17.02±3.13)分]有显著差异,文理科大学生在自我与经验的不和谐[(45.88±4.65)分,(44.71±6.17)分]、自我的灵活性上[(44.63±7.76)分,(44.61±7.34)分]存在显著差异;不同生活应激水平大学生在自我和谐总分[(82.57±12.59)分,(89.53±9.54)分,(97.42±11.94)分]上差异显著(P ＜0.01);生理反应、挫折、认知反应、行为反应和压力进入自我和谐的回归方程 (P ＜0.01).结论 大学生生活应激的5个变量在一定程度上能预测自我和谐状况.     

大学生人际关系、应对方式与自我和谐的关系

目的 了解地方高校大学生人际关系、应对方式和自我和谐的关系,为大学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法 使用大学生人际关系问卷、应对方式问卷和自我和谐量表,在4所地方高校采用分层随机抽样方法 对1471名大学生进行问卷调查,所有数据应用SPSS15.0进行统计处理.结果 (1)男大学生在人际关系总分、自我和谐总分得分[(9.88±5.51)分,(93.29±13.48)分]显著高于女大学生[(8.84±5.11)分,(90.09±12.60)分;大四学生在人际关系总分、自我和谐总分得分[(10.26±5.89)分,(96.79±12.93)分]显著高于其他年级;工科生在人际关系总分、自我和谐总分得分[(10.26±5.86)分,(93.57±12.83)分]显著高于其他专业的学生;在应对方式的各因素上,存在显著的性别、年级、专业的差异(P＜0.01).(2)大学生人际关系、应对方式与自我和谐各因素之间存在显著相关(P＜0.01).(3)人际关系总分、自责、解决问题、合理化、幻想、退避、求助、年级对自我和谐有较好的预测作用.结论 大学生人际关系、应对方式对自我和谐具有一定的影响,良好的人际关系和积极灵活的应对方式,可促进自我和谐和心理健康.     

核心自我评价对医学生无聊倾向性与攻击行为的中介作用

目的 探讨医学生无聊倾向性、核心自我评价与攻击行为的关系,为攻击行为的预防和干预提供线索与依据.方法 采用大学生无聊倾向性问卷（C-BPQ）、核心自我评价量表、Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版（AQ-CV）,对宁夏某医科院校1667名学生进行问卷调查.结果 高、低无聊倾向组的核心自我评价、攻击总分及各因子间的差异均具有统计学意义[核心自我评价：（29.67±5.10）分,（41.67±4.64）分;攻击总分：（36.43±17.18）分,（17.58±12.45）分;身体攻击性（31.62±20.46）分,（17.02±15.28）分;言语攻击性：（37.44±19.03）分,（24.68±17.14）分;愤怒：（40.93±22.32）分,（18.85±16.86）分;敌意：（37.34± 19.41）分,（14.86±13.57）分;指向自我的攻击：（35.47±21.66）分,（13.57±14.28）分;均P＜0.001];医学生无聊倾向性总分和内、外部刺激两维度与攻击总分及各因子之间存在正相关关系（均P＜0.001）,与核心自我评价之间存在负相关关系（P＜0.001）;核心自我评价与攻击总分及各因子之间存在负相关关系（均P＜0.001）;回归分析显示,无聊倾向性、核心自我评价可以在一定程度上预测医学生的攻击行为（均P＜0.01）;核心自我评价在医学生无聊倾向性与攻击行为间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为48.25％.结论 无聊倾向性与攻击行为密切相关,核心自我评价在二者之间起部分中介作用.     

大学生主观幸福感和父母教养方式关系研究

目的 考察大学生的主观幸福感及其与父母教养方式之间的关系.方法 采用大学生幸福感影响因素问卷(AFW-US)、父母教养方式量表(EMBU)对248名大学生进行调查.结果 ①男女被试在主观幸福感的某些方面存在显著的性别差异:男生人际交往因子得分[(3.72±0.62)分]低于女大学生[(3.72±0.62)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);男生自我意识及学习因子得分[分别为(3.64±0.44)分,(3.56±0.66)分]高于女生[分别为(3.51±0.43)分,(3.42±0.52)分]差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);②城市大学生的家庭满意度因子和爱情满意度因子得分[分别为(3.69±0.63)分,(3.60±0.49)分]高于农村大学生[分别为(3.55±0.49)分,(3.42±0.53)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);③大学生主观幸福感某些维度和父母的教养方式存在显著的相关.结论 父母教养方式影响大学生的主观幸福感.     

不同类型网络成瘾倾向大学生生活事件及社会支持状况的研究

目的 探讨不同类型网络成瘾倾向大学生在生活事件及社会支持方面的差异.方法 以分层按比例整群抽样的方法随机抽取396名大学生作为研究对象,以大学生网络成瘾类型问卷、社会支持评定量表及青少年生活事件量表对研究对象进行评定.结果 网络游戏成瘾高、低倾向组在生活事件的学习压力、受惩罚及其他因子方面存在显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),同时网络游戏成瘾高倾向组在客观社会支持、主观社会支持及对社会支持的利用度方面[分别为(9.36±2.53)分,(19.95±3.48)分,(7.30±1.02)分],低于低倾向组[分别为(10.62±2.44)分,(22.85±3.46)分,(7.92±1.58)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);网络人际关系成瘾高、低倾向组在生活事件的所有指标方面均存在显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),同时网络人际关系成瘾高倾向组在客观社会支持及主观社会支持方面[分别为(8.38±3.57)分,(18.69±3.25)分],低于低倾向组[分别为(10.66±2.14)分,(23.12±3.18)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);网络信息成瘾高、低倾向组在生活事件的丧失和其他因子方面存在显著差异(P＜0.05),同时网络信息成瘾高倾向组在主观社会支持方面[(21.75±3.33)分],低于低倾向组[(22.87±2.98)分],差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 不同类型网络成瘾倾向在生活事件及社会支持方面存在一定差异.     

受虐儿童情绪问题与心理弹性的关系

目的 探讨受虐儿童情绪问题及其与心理弹性的关系.方法 采用儿童受虐筛查量表(SQCA),儿童焦虑性情绪筛查表(SCARED),儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC),心理弹性量表和一般信息问卷对447名中小学生进行测查.结果 (1)受虐儿童SCARED和DSRSC总分[分别为(20.39 ± 12.79)分,(11.65±5.44)分],高于非受虐对照组[分别为(14.74±10.91)分,(10.18 ±4.75)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),SCARED和DSRSC筛查出受虐儿童焦虑组、抑郁组、焦虑抑郁共存组发生率(40.26％,27.27％,19.48％),均高于非受虐儿童组(22.43％,12.97％,7％),差异有统计学意义(x2=9.98,10.66,11.80,P＜0.05);(2)受虐儿童焦虑组、抑郁组、焦虑抑郁共存组心理弹性总分[分别为(80.13 ±12.82)分,(74.67 ±10.71)分,(72.20 ±9.84)分],低于非焦虑组、非抑郁组、非焦虑抑郁共存组心理弹性总分[分别为(93.91 ±16.08)分,(93.50±15.00)分,(93.43 ±13.91)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(3)情绪控制对受虐儿童的焦虑情绪具有显著的负向预测作用,人际协助、家庭支持、情绪控制对受虐儿童的抑郁情绪具有显著的负向预测作用.结论 受虐儿童存在更多焦虑、抑郁情绪;心理弹性各维度可以有效预测受虐儿童的抑郁焦虑情绪.     

医学生完美主义和拖延行为的关系研究

目的 探讨医学生完美主义与拖延行为的关系.方法 用中文Frost完美主义问卷(CFMPS)和Aitken拖延问卷(API)对广州2所医科大学327名在校本科生进行调查.结果 与普通大学生组相比,医学生的"担心错误"因子分[(12.87±5.017)分,(11.5±4.9)分]、"父母期望"因子分[(T4.89±4.603)分,(13.6±5.1)分]、消极完美主义维度得分[(58.08±12.716)分,(56.1±12.4)分]均明显偏高,"个人标准"因子分[(18.00±4.679)分,(18.7±5.2)分]显著低于普通大学生,差异均具有显著性(P＜0.01);"条理性"与拖延存在显著负相关(P＜0.01),"担心错误"、"行动的疑虑"及消极完美主义维度得分与拖延行为存在显著的正相关(P＜0.01);回归分析结果表明,"条理性"和"行动的疑虑"因子对拖延行为有预测作用(P＜0.001).结论 当代医学生的完美主义程度比普通大学生高,具有消极完美主义倾向的个体表现出更多的拖延行为.     

服刑女犯述情障碍与自我和谐的相关研究

目的 探讨服刑女犯人的述情障碍与自我和谐能力的关系.方法 采用系统抽取法抽取广东省某女子监狱100名犯人和50名工厂女工人为样本,以多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-26)、自我和谐量表(SCCS-35)和自制一般调查表为调查工具,集中回答问卷.结果 服刑女犯人的TAS-1评分[(3.00±0.69)分]和TAS-4[(2.79±0.65)分]差于对照组[分别为(2.21±0.63)分,(2.09±0.44)分],差异有显著性(P＜0.01),SCCS总分、SCCS-3差于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).相关分析发现服刑中女犯人的TAS总分、TAS-1和TAS-2均与SCCS总分、SCCS-1、SCCS-3呈显著正相关(P＜0.01);TAS-3与SCCS-2呈正相关(P＜0.05),与SCCS总分呈显著负相关(P＜0.01);TAS-4与SCCS-2呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),与SCCS总分呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),逐步回归分析入选自我和谐方程的变世有TAS-4,TAS-2,TAS-1,TAS-3,犯罪类型,能联合预测自我和谐68.3%的变异量.结论 服刑中女犯人的述情障碍和自我和谐程度密切相关.     

长期无病生存白血病儿童情绪、自我意识及个性特征的对照研究

目的 探讨长期无病生存白血病儿童的情绪、自我意识及个性特征.方法 选用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表和儿童版艾森克个性问卷分别对19例长期无病生存白血病、20例初发白血病和40例正常对照儿童进行评定.结果 长期无病生存组患儿在焦虑总分以及躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑和社交恐怖分量表评分[分别为(25.72±14.72)分,(6.11±4.36)分,(5.72±4.56)分和(7.67±4.19)分]高于对照组[分别为(16.11±11.81)分,(3.82±1.69)分,(2.84±1.92)分和(3.95±2.85)分],差异具有显著性(均P＜0.01或P＜0.05).2组白血病患儿自我意识总分[分别为(60.06±8.07)分和(58.25±6.54)分]均低于正常对照组(均P＜0.01或P＜0.05),其中长期无病生存组在焦虑和合群分量表得分明显低于正常对照组(均P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而初发白血病组患儿在行为、智力与学校情况、焦虑分量表得分显著低于正常对照组(均P＜0.01或P＜0.05).长期无病生存组与初发白血病组患儿及正常对照组比较,性格普遍偏于内向.结论 长期无病生存白血病儿童较正常儿童有更多的焦虑情绪、较低的自我意识和内向性格特征.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.