不同浓度的Aβ31-35对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的通过观察不同浓度的Aβ31-35对在体大鼠海马LTP和空间学习记忆功能的影响,探讨全长A片段的活性中心。方法急性手术后进行海马CA1区fEPSP的记录,比较给予不同的处理后海马LTP的变化;侧脑室注射药物2周后进行Morris水迷宫测试,比较不同处理后的大鼠逃避潜伏期、到达平台游过距离以及目标象限内游泳所占的时间和距离。结果高浓度的Aβ31-35可以引起大鼠在体海马LTP幅度的降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）、以及延长大鼠逃避潜伏期、到达平台游过距离（P〈0.01）,并且减低了大鼠在目标象限内游泳所用的时间和距离（P〈0.01）。结论高浓度的Aβ31-35能够引起大鼠学习记忆功能的损伤。     

D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠脑海马外周型苯二氮(艹卓)受体改变及其与认知行为的相关研究

目的观察海马突触体外周型苯二氮革受体(PBR)水平对大鼠空间学习和记忆能力的影响.方法SD大鼠随机分为对照组和D-半乳糖组.D-半乳糖组动物连续皮下注射D-半乳糖(100mg/kg,每日1次)56次,对照组注射生理盐水.利用Morris水迷宫测试动物学习记忆能力后制备海马突触体,测定PBR最大结合容量(Bmax)和平衡解离常数(KD).结果与对照组比较,D-半乳糖组动物学习记忆能力降低(P＜0.001),KD无显著变化.D-半乳糖组Bmax(177.2 fmol/mg±26.7fmol/mg)低于对照组(296.7 fmol/mg±33.5 fmol/mg)(P＜0.001),海马突触体[3H]PK11195特异性结合活性与迷宫试验动物逃避潜伏期(r=-0.854)、平台象限游泳时间(r=0.845)及距离(r=0.851)显著相关(P＜0.001).结论海马突触体PBR表达量可能与大鼠空间学习和记忆有关.     

惊厥性和非惊厥性癫痫持续状态对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的 探讨惊厥性和非惊厥性癫痫持续状态发作对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响及其海马磷酸化的环磷腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(pCREB)的表达变化.方法 戊四氮点燃大鼠惊厥性癫痫持续状态(SE)和非惊厥性癫痫持续状态(GNCSE)两种动物模型,采用水迷宫和交替电刺激Y迷宫试验观察致痫后大鼠学习记忆功能改变.免疫组化染色观察大鼠海马pCREB蛋白水平表达变化.结果 SE大鼠致痫后近期出现水迷宫逃避潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),平台象限游泳时间及其百分比降低(P＜0.05),穿越平台次数减少(P＜0.05);电Y迷宫错误次数增多(P＜0.05),而远期均恢复正常.GNCSE组大鼠在致痫后近期水迷宫部分时段逃避潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),而平台象限游泳时间及其百分比和穿越平台次数与对照组相比均无明显差别(P＞0.05);电Y迷宫错误次数近期有所增加(P＜0.05).远期与对照组相比无明显差别.学习记忆功能下降的同时伴有海马组织pCREB蛋白水平表达的下降.结论 SE较GNCSE更易导致实验动物学习和记忆能力下降.无论哪种癫痫发作对学习记忆的影响均有一定的时限性.海马组织pCREB的表达变化可能参与了癫痫大鼠学习记忆功能改变的病理生理过程.     

D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠脑海马外周型苯二氮受体改变及其与认知行为的相关研究

目的观察海马突触体外周型苯二氮受体(PBR)水平对大鼠空间学习和记忆能力的影响。方法SD大鼠随机分为对照组和D-半乳糖组。D-半乳糖组动物连续皮下注射D-半乳糖(100mg/kg,每日1次)56次,对照组注射生理盐水。利用Morris水迷宫测试动物学习记忆能力后制备海马突触体,测定PBR最大结合容量(Bmax)和平衡解离常数(KD)。结果与对照组比较,D-半乳糖组动物学习记忆能力降低(P<0.001),KD无显著变化。D-半乳糖组Bmax(177.2fmol/mg±26·7fmol/mg)低于对照组(296.7fmol/mg±33.5fmol/mg)(P<0.001),海马突触体[3H]PK11195特异性结合活性与迷宫试验动物逃避潜伏期(r=-0.854)、平台象限游泳时间(r=0.845)及距离(r=0·851)显著相关(P<0.001)。结论海马突触体PBR表达量可能与大鼠空间学习和记忆有关。     

不同月龄对雌性SD大鼠学习记忆相关行为及海马TREM2表达的影响

目的 观察不同月龄对雌性SD大鼠焦虑、绝望及学习记忆能力的影响,并探讨其可能的神经生物学机制.方法 2月龄和6月龄雌性SD大鼠各9只,适应性饲养1周后进行行为学实验,包括旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验、Morris水迷宫实验、Y迷宫实验和强迫游泳实验.Western blot方法检测两组大鼠海马髓样细胞触发受体2(TREM2)的蛋白表达.结果 两组大鼠在旷场实验和强迫游泳实验中的表现差异无统计学意义.与2月龄SD雌鼠比较,6月龄SD雌鼠在高架十字迷宫实验中开臂的停留时间和移动距离增加;在Morris水迷宫定位航行实验中的逃避潜伏期显著缩短(P＜0. 05),而在空间搜索实验中目标象限停留时间显著延长(P＜0.05);在Y迷宫中的新臂优先指数显著增加(P＜ 0. 05). Western blot结果显示,6月龄SD雌鼠海马TREM2表达较2月龄组显著降低.Pearson相关性检验结果表明,海马TREM2的表达与大鼠在Morris水迷宫空间搜索实验中的目标象限游泳距离呈负相关性(r=-0. 724,P=0. 042).结论 与2月龄SD雌鼠相比,6月龄SD雌鼠的探究行为增多、学习记忆能力增强,其机制可能与海马TREM2表达降低有关.     

慢性脑缺血对青年和老年大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的研究慢性脑缺血对青、老年大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉，用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠逃避潜伏期和平台象限泳距百分比。结果缺血1月，青年和老年大鼠平均逃避潜伏期均大于同龄对照组，P＜0.01;缺血3月，青年鼠平均逃避潜伏期大于对照组，P＜0.01，和缺血1月组间差异不显著;老年鼠大于同龄对照组和缺血1月组，P＜0.01。青年缺血1月和3月组平台象限泳距百分比均小于对照组，P＜0.01;老年对照组、缺血1月组及缺血3月组平台象限泳距百分比间差异不显著。结论慢性脑缺血可在一定水平损害青年大鼠的学习与记忆，并进行性损害老年大鼠的学习能力，但对老年大鼠空间记忆的影响不显著。     

Acupuncture "Baihui hole", "Dazhui""Zusanli" Points to Learning and Memory Ability and Levels of Beta-AP Protein Expression in the Hippocampus of AD Model rats

目的 研究电针对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马组织内β-AP蛋白表达的影响,为临床应用针灸治疗AD进一步提供理论依据.方法 选取健康Wistar雄性大鼠50只,进行行为学测试后,选取符合标准的30只大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组.造模方法采用微量注射每侧侧脑室10%链脲霉素10 μL建立AD模型,电针组经电针刺激"百会"、"大椎"、"足三里"穴进行治疗.用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠的学习记忆能力;用免疫组化染色法检测海马组织内β-AP阳性细胞表达情况.结果 电针组大鼠的学习记忆能力显著提高,逃避潜伏期及游泳路程明显缩短(P＜0.01),大鼠在原平台象限游泳时间占整个游泳时间的百分比显著升高,第1次穿过原平台所在位置的时间明显缩短(P＜0.01);与正常组比较,模型组海马组织内β-AP蛋白表达水平升高(P＜0.01),治疗后电针组与模型组比较,β-AP蛋白表达水平降低(P＜0.01).结论 电针治疗后AD大鼠学习记忆能力显著改善,针刺可降低AD大鼠海马组织细胞内β-AP蛋白表达水平,说明针刺对AD大鼠具有一定的治疗作用.     

丹参对幼年大鼠癫痫持续状态学习记忆及海马ChAT、AChE活性的影响

目的：观察丹参（RSM）对幼年大鼠癫痫持续状态（SE）学习记忆及海马胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的影响。方法：戊四氮（PTZ）诱导大鼠SE,丹参（RSM）进行干预,苯巴比妥钠（PB）作为对照,采用Morris水迷宫观察大鼠空间记忆的改变,应用匀浆比色法检测大鼠海马ChAT、AChE活性。结果：Morris水迷宫测试中PTZ组逃避潜伏期延长（P〈0.05）,有效搜索策略百分比降低（P〈0.01）,平台象限游泳时间百分比降低（P〈0.01）,海马ChAT、AChE活性降低（P〈0.01）;RSM组SE后下降的ChAT、AChE活性有所提高,平均潜伏期较PTZ组显著缩短,目标象限停留时间显著高于PTZ组,第1～3天有效搜索策略百分比高于PTZ组,第2～3天高于PB组（P〈0.05）;PB组仅提高AChE活性,PB组平均潜伏期较PTZ组有缩短趋势,但仅第1天有统计学意义,PB组目标象限停留时间显著高于PTZ组。结论：SE可使幼年大鼠学习记忆受损,ChAT、AChE可能参与这一变化的病理生理过程。丹参用药可能通过修复海马胆碱能系统改善幼年大鼠SE学习记忆损伤。     

睡眠剥夺对小鼠学习与记忆功能及海马突触素Ⅰ表达的影响

目的 观察睡眠剥夺对小鼠空间学习与记忆以及海马突触素Ⅰ(synapsin Ⅰ)表达的影响.方法 20只健康雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为两组:(1)剥夺睡眠组(SD,n=10),采用"轻触法"剥夺小鼠睡眠;(2)普通鼠笼对照组(CC,n=10).采用Morris水迷宫进行航行定位实验测定各组小鼠的平均逃避潜伏期、游泳速度,并进行空间探索实验测定动物在月台所在象限时间的百分比.通过Western blot方法检测小鼠海马结构突触素Ⅰ的表达.结果 睡眠剥夺组鼠到达月台的平均潜伏期大于对照组,而在月台所在象限时间的百分比明显低于对照组(P<0.05).睡眠剥夺组鼠海马结构突触囊素Ⅰ的相对含量较对照组低(P<0.01).结论 睡眠剥夺可能通过影响海马的突触可塑性而降低实验动物的空间学习和记忆能力.     

大鼠空间学习记忆能力测试的时反应量-效关系

目的:分析空间学习记忆大鼠行为模型实验的时反应量-效关系。方法:应用Morris水迷宫实验方法检测大鼠空间学习记忆功能,进行定位航行实验的逃避潜伏期、靶象限活动时间、游泳速度,空间探索实验的穿台时间、穿台次数等时反应指标的分析。结果:通过每日1次连续7d的Morris水迷宫定位航行实验,观察到随测试次数的增加,游泳速度保持相对稳定,而呈现逃避潜伏期逐渐缩短、靶象限活动时间百分比逐渐增大的时反应量-效关系(P<0.01),并能有效反映大鼠的空间学习功能。随后的一次性空间探索实验仅初期能反映空间记忆功能,后期则伴有记忆消退的过程。结论:Morris水迷宫实验的定位航行实验中逃避潜伏期和靶象限活动时间百分比指标存在能反映空间学习功能的特殊类型时反应量-效关系,但空间探索实验对空间记忆功能的代表性仍需进一步研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.