共情能力对首发精神分裂症患者自知力的影响

目的 探讨共情能力对首发精神分裂症患者自知力的影响.方法 采用人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)对71例首发精神分裂症患者和69名正常健康对照进行共情能力自评测试,同时用自知力评定量表(scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder,SUMD)对精神分裂症组进行自知力的评定,用阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)对其进行临床症状评分.结果 与对照组相比,精神分裂症组在IRI-C中的观点采择[(13.85±1.86)分,(16.74±2.56)分,P＜0.01],共情性关心[(14.28±2.16)分,(17.49±2.73)分,P＜0.01]上得分较低,而在个人痛苦[(10.28±2.78)分,(8.93±1.93)分,P＜0.01]分量表上得分相对较高.Pearson相关分析显示,患者的自知力评分和观点采择(r=-0.429,P＜0.01)、共情性关心(r=-0.709,P＜0.01)得分呈明显的负相关,而自知力评分与阳性症状(r=0.545,P＜0.01)存显著的正相关.结论 首发精神分裂症患者存在显著的共情能力缺陷,并且患者的共情能力和自知力之间存在一定的关联,提示以通过改善精神分裂症患者的共情能力来改善其自知力水平.     

精神分裂症患者快感缺失与共情缺陷的相关性

目的 比较精神分裂症患者与正常人的快感缺失程度,探讨快感缺失与共情缺陷的关系.方法 采用中文版修订社会快感缺失量表（RSAS-C）、中文版修订躯体快感缺失量表（RPAS-C）和中文版人际反应指针量表（IRI-C）对200名精神分裂症患者和275名正常人进行评估,分析患者快感缺失与共情能力间的关系.结果 患者组RSAS-C得分[（13.21±6.06）分]和RPAS-C得分[（18.98±8.57）分]显著高于对照组[分别为（10.51±5.20）分和（16.82±7.96）分],差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;患者共情总分、观点采择因子分、想象力因子分和共情性关心因子分显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）;患者RSAS-C得分（r=-0.170,P＜0.05）和RPAS-C得分（r=-0.275,P＜0.01）与共情总分呈负相关,控制PANSS总分后,快感缺失得分与共情得分间的相关性仍具有统计学意义.结论 精神分裂症患者较正常人存在快感缺失和共情能力缺陷,患者的快感缺失与共情障碍间存在相关,提示两种情绪加工缺陷可能具有共同的病理生理基础.     

精神分裂症患者共情能力及其与执行功能的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者共情能力及其与执行功能的关系.方法 采用人际指针量表(IRI-C)对74例精神分裂症患者进行测试,与69名正常对照者比较,同时作威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、Stroop色词干扰测验和空间n-back测验评估.结果 与对照组相比,患者组IRI-C总分[(46.8±10.0)分,(51.5±9.7)分,(P<0.01)]及观点采择[(9.5±4.2)分,(12.2±3.9)分,(P<0.01]、想象力[(12.5±4.2)分,(15.5±3.8)分,(P<0.01]、共情性关心[(15.9±4.2)分,(17.3±3.4)分,(P<0.05]均显著较低,而个人痛苦[(8.8±5.1)分,(6.5±3.7)分,(P<0.01]则显著较高.WCST、Stroop测验和空间n-back测验各项评分,2组间差异具有显著性意义(均P<0.01).Pearson相关分析显示,IRI-C总分与WCST卡片分类测验的总应答数(r=-0.293)、错误应答数(r=-0.253)和非持续性错误数(r=-0.272)呈负相关(均P<0.05),共情关心分与WCST总应答数(r=-0.326,P<0.01)、错误应答数(r=-0.300,P<0.01)、持续性应答数(r=-0.294,P<0.01)和持续性错误数(r=-0.287,P<0.05)呈负相关,而与概念化水平数呈正相关(r=0.279,P<0.05);IRI-C的幻想力分与Stroop测验的B项(r=-0.299)和C项(r=-0.322)反应时存在负相关(均P<0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者存在广泛共情和执行功能障碍,情感共情水平与执行功能存在某种关联,提示执行功能障碍可能构成患者共情缺陷的病理机制之一.     

精神分裂症患者童年创伤经历与眼区情绪识别的相关性

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者童年创伤经历及其与眼区情绪识别能力的关系.方法 采用童年创伤经历问卷(CTQ)对71例精神分裂症患者作评估,同时作眼区基本情绪识别任务(EBEDT)测试,与52例健康对照者进行比较.结果 患者组CTQ总分[(47.86±13.26)分]高于对照组[(34.27±7.27)分],情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视和躯体忽视分量表分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).患者组EBEDT总正确率[(73.42±11.86)％]低于对照组[(86.74±6.16)％],总平均反应时[ (4321.40±1956.83) ms]高于对照组[(2776.75±703.42) ms],喜、惊、恐、悲、厌和怒六种情绪的正确率和平均反应时两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).患者组CTQ总分与EBEDT总正确率及喜、惊、悲和怒眼区情绪识别的正确率呈负相关(分别为r=-0.390,r=-0.419,r=-0.451,r=-0.391,r=-0.344,P＜0.01);正常对照者CTQ总分与EBEDT总分呈负相关.结论 精神分裂症患者童年创伤水平与眼区情绪认知能力存在相关,提示早年的创伤经历可能会影响患者的社会认知功能.     

早发性精神分裂症患者失言识别和信念理解的研究

目的 从失言识别和信念理解两个维度出发,探究早发性精神分裂症患者心理理论能力损伤的认知特点.方法 在41名早发性分裂症患者(患者组)和40名正常青少年(对照组)被试中进行失言识别任务(faux pas recognition task)和心理理论图片(ToM-PST)任务,测定早发性分裂症患者在完成有关社会认知任务时的认知特点.结果 ①在失言情景识别测试中,患者组失言问题总分[(16.11±6.34)分]和理解失言得分[(9.88±4.11)分]与对照组[(20.86±7.79)分,(13.27±6.07)分]比较,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者组失言识别问题[(6.72±2.60)分]和对照控制问题得分[(9.83±0.44)分]与对照组得分[(7.58±2.20)分,(9.97±0.16)分]比较,差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05).②在ToM-PST任务中,患者组ToM-PST总分[(17.29±3.38)分]显著低于对照组[(21.48±1.73)分,P＜0.01],初级信念、初级错误信念、次级信念、次级错误信念、理解三级错误信念、理解现实感问题、理解互惠性问题、理解欺骗问题、理解个人对欺骗的察觉能力各因子分组间差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或0.01).③患者组PANSS总分和病程与社会认知任务各项总分和因子分没有相关性(P＞0.05),除了理解初级信念的分任务(P＜0.01).结论 早发性精神分裂症患者心理理论多方面能力受损明显,与精神症状无明显相关.     

抑郁症患者依恋类型、述情障碍与防御方式的相关性研究

目的 探讨抑郁症患者的依恋类型、述情障碍及其防御方式的关系.方法 采用修订版成人依恋量表(AAS-1996)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)及防御方式问卷(DSQ),对32名抑郁症患者和80名对照组被试进行评定.结果抑郁症患者的依恋类型与对照组差异有统计学意义(x2 =47.6,P＜0.01),前者偏向不安全型依恋,后者偏向安全型依恋.抑郁症患者的不成熟防御机制[(5.47±1.13)分]和中间型防御机制得分[(4.93±0.56)分]高于对照组[分别为(3.79±1.09)分和(4.20±1.00)分;P＜0.01].抑郁症患者的述情障碍总分[ (76.88±8.94)分]、因子Ⅰ[(3.34±0.77)分]和因子Ⅱ得分[(3.64±0.51)分]均高于对照组[分别为(65.70±7.98)分、(2.41±0.78)分和(2.65±0.55)分;P＜0.01],因子Ⅲ得分[(2.51±0.78)分]低于对照组[(3.14±1.03),P＜0.01].抑郁症患者成人依恋的亲近、焦虑因子与述情障碍存在一定的相关.抑郁症患者成人依恋3个因子与防御方式存在一定相关.结论 抑郁症患者的依恋可能通过影响防御方式间接导致抑郁情绪;此外,抑郁会导致述情障碍,不同依恋特点的抑郁症患者表现出不同的述情障碍.     

抑郁症和精神分裂症患者激惹症状的对照研究

目的 探讨抑郁症与精神分裂症患者激惹症状的特点.方法 使用激惹、抑郁和焦虑量表(IDA)对64例抑郁症患者,50例精神分裂症患者及67例健康人进行评定.结果 与对照组比较,抑郁症组内向性激惹因子[(5.09±2.88)分]、外向性激惹因子[(4.23±2.80)分]、抑郁因子[(8.78±3.56)分]及焦虑因子[(8.45±2.96)分]分均显著升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).精神分裂症组除抑郁因子分外,其余因子分与对照组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).与抑郁症组比较,精神分裂症组的内向性激惹因子、抑郁因子及焦虑因子分均显著下降,差异有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 对抑郁症患者激惹症状的防治是非常有必要的.     

首次发病精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇水平的研究

目的 比较精神分裂症、抑郁症患者血浆瘦素及总胆固醇水平.方法 48例首发精神分裂症患者,用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome scale,PANSS)量表评定,45例首发抑郁症用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)进行评定,32例体检职工为对照组,所有人组对象服药前测定体质量指数、血浆瘦素和总胆固醇.结果 (1)正常对照组[(4.8±0.9)mmol/L]总胆固醇均高于抑郁症组[(3.7±1.0)mmol/L]及精神分裂症组[(3.4±0.9)mmol/L;P＜0.05～0.01],而抑郁症组与精神分裂症组之间的差异无显著性(P＞0.05);正常对照组血浆瘦索[(13.4±6.7)g/L]高于抑郁症组[(9.6±4.2)g/L]及精神分裂症组[(5.8±3.4)g/L;P＜0.05～0.01],抑郁症组高于精神分裂症组(P＜0.05).(2)3组的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇均与BMI呈正相关(r=0.48～0.63;P＜0.01);精神分裂症组的血浆瘦素和总胆固醇与PANSS阳性分、BPRS分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.38～-0.50;均P＜0.01);抑郁症组的血浆瘦素、总胆固醇与HAMD分呈显著负相关(r=-0.37～-0.41;P＜0.05～0.01).结论 精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇水平的降低独立于药物治疗和BMI改变之外,其在精神障碍中的重要病理生理学机制值得进一步深入探讨.     

新兵自我隐瞒水平与心理健康的相关研究

目的 研究武警部队新兵的自我隐瞒水平及其与心理健康的关系.方法 采用自我隐瞒量表(SCS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对891名新兵进行测评.结果 武警新兵的SCS总均分为(26.43±7.97)分.南方来源新兵SCS总均分[(27.05±8.02)分]高于北方来源新兵[(25.22±7.74)分],P＜0.01;大专及以上组新兵SCS总均分[(22.11±8.08)分]低于初中及以下组[(27.19±7.70)分]和高中组[(26.22±8.03)分]新兵,P＜0.05;年龄≤19岁组SCS总均分[(26.72±8.05)分]高于年龄≥20岁组的新兵[(25.22±7.40)分],P＜0.05.SCS与SCL-90各因子之间有显著正相关,相关系数分别为:0.201,0.278,0.302,0.278,0.273,0.252,0.232,0.304,0.268,0.273(P＜0.01).高自我隐瞒组SCL-90各因子分高于低自我隐瞒组(P＜0.01).结论 武警新兵自我隐瞒水平与心理健康状况密切相关.     

家庭功能、父母监控及自我控制对青少年犯罪的影响

目的 了解家庭功能、父母监控及自我控制对青少年犯罪的影响.方法 以137名少年管教所未成年犯罪人和140名普通中学生为样本,采用自我控制量表、家庭功能评价量表及父母监控问卷进行施测.结果 犯罪少年与普通少年在家庭适应性[(3.09±0.71)分,(3.3±70.58)分]、家庭沟通[(3.29±0.93)分,(3.57±0.81)分]、父母关注[(4.28±0.82)分,(3.82±0.86)分]、父母监控[(2.30±0.88)分,(3.44±0.66)分]冲动冒险性[(3.47±1.01)分,(2.74±0.76)分]、自我情绪性[(3.22±0.91)分,(2.70±0.65)分]等方面差异有显著性(P＜0.01);家庭沟通(OR=0.510,P＜0.01)、家庭矛盾(OR=2.121,P＜0.01)、父母关注(OR=4.741,P＜0.01)、父母监控(OR=0.413,P＜0.01)以及冲动冒险(OR=2.046,P＜0.01)、自我情绪性(OR=1.632,P＜0.01)等维度对青少年犯罪具有影响作用.结论 家庭功能、父母监控、自我控制对青少年犯罪有显著预测作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.